Iranian Journal of Ichthyology
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Mar 2021

In this study, epidemiological of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was studied during five years (2013-2017) in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. Epidemiological data, includes sex, age and habitation of patients. A total of 7,358 cases who visited the Imam-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar Province were studied. The highest number of patients were in 2015, reached 3,673 while the lowest number of patients were in 2013 reached 51. The highest cases of infection of CL was recorded in December which (2159 cases) followed in January and February (1494 and 1298 cases) February, respectively, the lowest cases in June and July (54 and 37 cases), respectively in all years of study. The study showed that the mean prevalence of CL was recorded 4444 (60.40%) in rural more than in urban recorded 2914 (39.60%) with significant differences between them. Males were more susceptible to infection 3946 (53.63%) than females 3412 (46.37%) in most study years. The result of the present study clarifies that the infection all ages. The majority of cases were recorded among in age groups ≥yr and 10-19 yr 3527 (47.93%), 2311 (31.41%) respectively, followed by the age group 20-29 years presented 705 (9.851%), while the lowest infection 203 (2.759%), 201 (2.732.4%) found in 40-49 yr and ≤49yr age groups, respectively.

Birds of prey play a vital ecological role in maintaining the ecological system. To evaluate the importance of Iraqi habitat for raptor as breeding or migrating sites, this study was aimed to survey the raptors in two ecologically different habitat, including East AlHammar marshes and Abo Al-Khaseeb in North and South of Basrah Province, Iraq. The most significant finding in this study was re-observing the Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus in both studying areas. The results showed the presence of 13 species of raptors. Five out 13 species were classified by International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) under different threatened categories, viz. Circus aeruginosus and Aquila nipalensis are classified as endangered species, Clanga clanga and Aquila heliacal as vulnerable species, and C. macrourus as neat threatened species. Additionally, East Al-Hammar showed more diversity of raptors than Abo Al-Khaseeb. In conclusion, the different habitats in Iraq showed to have a fundamental role for various bird species. More investigations are required to evaluate the habitat for this group of birds.

From June to September 2020, among thirty gram-positive bacteria grown with mannitol salt agar, seventeen Staphylococcus aureusisolates were described. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were described in the initial identification based on the colonial morphology, microscopic analysis, and biochemical tests. The final identification was performed using an automated VITEK-2 compact system. The spa genes were detected by the genotyping method using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The results showed that the spa gene comprised 19 isolates (63.3%) of S. aureus.

The present study involved 63 cattle having different skin lesions, suspected to be infected with LSDV. The studied animals, in some slaughterhouses in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, were submitted for collecting of blood samples and skin biopsies that sectioned from cutaneous lesions in post-slaughter stage. The samples were transported to the laboratory for extracting of DNA to examine using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to confirm the positive LSDV isolates. The results revealed that 26.98 and 65.08% of cattle were positives by PCR testing for blood and skin biopsies, respectively. In association to gender, the females had higher prevalence rates of LSDV, 32.35 and 79.41%, in comparison to males that having 20.69 and 48.28% by examining of blood and skin biopsies samples, respectively. Regarding age, a significant increase was found in the positive results of LSDV infections for testing of blood and skin samples, respectively, in >3 years group 28.85 and 71.15%, whereas, they were 18.18 and 36.36% in 1-3 years group.

Toxoplasma gondii is worldwide and obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. The seroprevalence information of toxoplasmosis in the southern area of Iraq is limited, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii in men and pregnant women in Al-Majar Al-Kabir and Ali Al-Sharqi towns that are both located at Maysan Province in the South of Iraq. The study was conducted between January and May 2018 and included randomly chosen pregnant women, data on sociodemographic and predisposing parameters was collected from each participant. Venous blood samples were collected. Based on the results, the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in the study areas was 20%. It showed that the 20-29 years’ age group has the highest infection rate (31.25%). The distribution rate of T. gondii was higher among women than men and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis has no relationship with the handling of raw meat or the presence of cats in houses. The current study reveals a significant relationship between the T. gondii infection and abortion rates. A health education platform for awareness in the Maysan Province needs to be maintained and developed to target pregnant women.

Potamogeton pusillus is reported from Iraqi wetlands in two sites of Shatt al-Arab River and Al-Hawizeh marshes after its disappearance in 2003. This research also aimed to study the habitat, growth, distribution, and ecological condition in the collected area as well as providing SEM/EDX to determine the elemental composition of the plant leaf. The samples collected in 2019 from Shatt al-Arab and Al-Hawizeh, southern Iraq. Physical and chemical parameters of the water were measured as well. Concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and total hardness were measured using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) method. Flame photometry method was used to determine Na+ and K+ ions. PO4 , Cl− and NO3− were determined by spectrophotometry method. Trace elements were measured in the leaves of P. pusillus by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the soil was loam clay with neutral to slightly alkaline conditions and low conductivity values were typical for these moderately closed systems. The concentrations of Ca and Mg in the water were high (538 and 212 mg/l, respectively). Salinity and dissolved oxygen were 3.5 ppt and 7.48 mg/l, respectively. PO4 was 0.64 mg/l, and average turbidity 16.9 NTU. Those of the Shatt al-Arab River have more carbon (58.10%) and oxygen (40.14%), but no F, Mg, Zn, and Sm; The samples of AlHawizeh had lower oxygen (40.12%) and carbon (35.79%). The results showed moderate amounts of Na in Al-Hawizeh and Shatt al-Arab (5.97and 0.61%, respectively). Mg (2.37%), Cl (1.12%), K (0.88%) and carbon were found at trace levels. Potamogeton pusillus can accumulate pollutions found in its habitat even containing levels of salinity. It can be concluded that the pollution by oil pipelines beneath the water in the Shatt al-Arab region have stunted growth, P. pusillus plant, the leaves was fewer in number and smaller in size. The concentrations of F, Na, and Mg were higher in the Al-Hawizeh group.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are amongst the pollutants of main concern in the aquatic ecosystems. They are mostly characterized by mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Origins and distribution of the 16 PAHs was studied in water and sediments samples which collected from Al-Musharah, Al-Musharah, Al-Batiruh and AlKahlaa rivers and three sites along Tigris River namely Ali Al-grbi, Maemal alzuyut and Qulat Salih, in Misan Province. The results revealed the sum concentrations of the 16 PAHs that in water ranging from 1667.15 to 5552.7ng/l in Al-Batiruh and Al-Mijer rivers, respectively. Low Molecular Weight PAHs (LPAHs) levels in the water column were lower than High Molecular Weight PAHs (HPAHs) in all stations except Al-Batiruh River. Also according to our findings, Σ16 PAHs in the sediments was varied from 10365.73 to 28876.2μg/gm.dry weight in Ali Al-grbi station and Al-Kahlaa River, respectively. The concentration of LPAHs in sediment samples was lower than HPAHs at all rivers. The mutagenic equivalent quotient MEQ and toxic equivalent quotient TEQ was generally low except Benzo[k]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene and Indeno[1,2,3-c,d] pyrene that were found extremely higher in the sediments of the studied rivers indicating a possible cancer risk to those how perhaps exposed to the river sediments. According to diagnostic ratios of Inpy/(Inpy+BghiP) were more than 0.2 and LPAHs/HPAHs ratios were less than one. These results suggested that the origins of PAHs compounds were derived from pyrolytic origins in water and sediments of the studied rivers.

The main international legal act regulating the harvesting of marine mammals is the international convention for the regulation of whaling. However, the existing law enforcement practice shows that this document needs to be changed. The authors discuss some of the shortcomings of the international legal regulation of whaling. The indigenous peoples of the North of the Russian Federation received constitutional and legal status. Therefore, they have special guarantees, including priority access to the resources of aquatic ecosystems. Some species of marine mammals, which are under a special protection status, are allowed for extraction by the indigenous peoples of the Russian North to maintain their traditional way of life. The extraction and commercialization of aquatic organisms, their use as food, medicinal products, and household items generate negative consequences for the state of biological resources and contribute to the social degradation of the indigenous peoples of the North.

Marine animals are often subjected to predatory and cruel treatment by humans; therefore, in a number of states, an effective mechanism for the protection of marine mammals operates. Environmental education of the population is a significant ideological measure in the mechanism of environmental protection. The article analyzes the activities of some Russian and foreign NGOs, whose main goal is to protect and preserve the ocean. The role and general directions, implemented by non-governmental organizations in order to protect and protect marine mammals, are identified.

This study was conducted on 29740 Syrian Awassi Sheep in different ages and of both genders. The percentage of prevalence swellings was 6.63%, that were caseous lymphadenitis, abscesses, hernias, hygromas, granulomas, heamtomas, and cysts with percentage of 4.875, 1.277, 0.305, 0.147, 0.016, 0.006, and 0.003%, respectively. The percentage of swellings according to gender was 9.91% for females and 1.90% for males. The prevalence percentage of caseous lymphadenitis was 7.525 and 1.065%, abscesses 1.824 and 0.491%, hernia 0.393 and 0.180% in female and male, respectively. There were different types of hernias, where sheep to be affected i.e. abdominal hernia (0.221%), umblica (0.030%), congenital cord umbilical (0.047%) and scrotal hernia (0.006%). The percentage of hygroma in males (0.142%) was higher than females (0.155%); however, the granuloma in females (0.022%) was higher than males (0.008%), and heamatoma was equal in both sexes (0.005%). In addition, the cysts in females (0.005%) was higher than males (0%). The result revealed that infections were higher in females than males in any type of swellings.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) are pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine that is central to the development of autoimmune disease, cancer, and protection against infectious pathogens. A case-control study was conducted in the AL HUSSAIN Teaching General hospital in Thi-Qar governorate with a total of 190 individuals involved in the current study, 95 of them were infected with SARC COV 2, and 95 were healthy as control group. Serum was collected from each of them to assess the levels of The, TNFα, INFα, ferritin, D- dimer. TNF-α level increased significantly (P<0.05) (67, 50.6 and 15.25Pg/L), IFN-γ level significantly reduced (P<0.05) (21, 17 and 6.2IU/L), serum ferritin was significantly increased (P<0.05) (685.2, 395, and 87ng/ml). At the last one D dimer (1.7, 0.9 and 0.05mg/L) in the both patient groups (infected and non-infected) and healthy persons. The mean of TNFα, INFα concentration were higher in patients than control group (P<0.05).

Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is known as the primary driver of hepatitis B. Such an infection can assault and damage the entire of the liver cells. The huge issue with the hepatitis B infection is the vast majority with its contamination have no manifestations, particularly when they are either as of late tainted or their contaminated is constant. In the current study, the level of some boundaries (GPT, GOT, ALP, bilirubin and CRP) were estimating for patients with constant hepatitis B. Sixty examples were taken in the investigation with age of 27.35±7.61year. In chronic patients, the levels of GPT, GOT, ALP, bilirubin and CRP were 25, 30, 30 and 30% with significant different with those of controls (15, 10, 10 and 10%). There was critical contrast in GPT and GOT, but as no high distinction in bilirubin and CRP. The current examination suggests that a need to check a wide range of viral hepatitis B to ensure the contamination stage, particularly during medical procedures and pregnancy.

 This paper explores the opportunities of substantiating the economic and institutional mechanisms for introducing a green economy model at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. This study is relevant due to the need to detail the mechanisms for the transition of the regional economy to green production. At the level of theory, the authors expanded the understanding of a green economy model at the regional level and its individual components and the logic of transition to a green economy model. Management opportunities for monitoring the implementation of a green economy at the regional level were identified through a set of indicators of the success of a transition to a green economy model in a region. Approaches to the analysis of the regional regulatory system that contribute to the transition to a green economy model have been developed. Recommendations for the transformation of the regional economy to the principles of green production through a program-targeted approach were formulated.

In this study, a total of 150 displaced people from Mosul city subjected to Prick Skin test to detect their allergy. Based on the results, 35 persons of both genders showed a positive response to the allergens with increased eosinophil, 8 males and 27 females of ages 17-77 years. The study tackled allergens of cereals, among which wheat, barley and, oat with the highest rate of allergy (40%), and send rank was belonged to corns (31.4%). In fruits and vegetables, carrot recorded a highest rate (34.3%), and then almond (31.4%). Tea was recorded 37% and coffee 25% among beverages allergens. The study addressed also spices viz. pepper and cumin with the highest allergy of 42.6%. Olive recorded 22.6% and cow milk and chicken 31.4%, and whole eggs 20%. The studied allergens (except apples and apricots) have a significant difference based on gender and age.

Testosterone hormone (T) and inflammatory biomarkers are linked to the onset and progression of chronic diseases, but the interaction between them is poorly understood. We examined the association of testosterone, estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL) with biomarkers of inflammation, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The sample divided into three main groups (30/group) as following: 1st group (40-45) years, 2nd group (50-55) years, 3rd group (60-65) years, and each of these three main groups divided also, into two subgroups as the following: 1st subgroup (15 normotensive men), 2nd subgroup (15 hypertensive men). The results revealed that testosterone levels reduced significantly (P≤0.05) for all samples in different subgroups and groups. Both estradiol and prolactin increased significantly (P≤0.05) for all samples in different subgroups and groups during hypertension. TNFα, IL6 and CRP levels increase significantly (P≤0.05) for all samples in different subgroups and groups during both the progressive age and hypertension. The physiological impact of these findings be discussed according to the changes in the testosterone hormone and their anti-inflammatory effect during hypertension

The chemical composition of Prosopis farcta extracts was prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. Ten phytochemical constituents were identified in the fruit of P. farcta. The relative percentage of Palmitic acid methyl ester was high (32.61%) followed by 9-12 octadecenoic acid methyl ester (23.16%) and then stearic acid methyl ester (13.93%), 10- octadecenoic acid methyl ester (13.05), 9-Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (5.41%), linoleic acid methyl ester (4.13%) and some components present at lower percentages such as pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.01%).

Intestinal parasites are important health problem for diabetics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in individuals suffering from this disease. The current study was conducted during February 2020 to April 2021 to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in diabetic patients in the province of Najaf, Iraq. A total of 372 samples were examined, which were 137 samples were positive for intestinal parasites in diabetic patients. The most common intestinal parasite in diabetic patients was Entameaba hitolitica with proportion of 34.3%, and the age group most affected by intestinal parasites in diabetes was 6-40 years. The results showed a significant higher infection in females (57.6%). The results also showed that the prevalence of intestinal parasites among diabetics is high in people who lived in rural areas (70%) (P<0.05). The current study included the correlation of age, sex, and residence with the prevalence of parasites in patients with diabetes, due to the scarcity of information on the prevalence and type of infection with pathogenic intestinal parasites in diabetics.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram-negative, considered as the most common opportunistic pathogens which lead to high rate of mortality and morbidity when subject suffered from compromised immune systems. This study was aimed to estimate the lasI and lasR genes expression of P. aeruginosa isolated from children with nephrotic syndrome. Nineteen isolates from urine samples of children with nephropathy syndrome are included in this study and confirmed by VITEK test as a P. aeruginosa strains. The result showed that the LasI and LasR genes showed a high level of gene expression in strains that grown with ceftriaxone than the strains that grown alone, but the gene LasI had a higher level of expression than the LasR gene, also a regression analysis were done to reveal the effect of LasI on the LasR gene which showed a positive effect which mean any increment in the gene expression level of LasI gene will combined with an increment in the LasR gene, (R= 0.899 and P= 0.001).

 The cultural optimum conditions for oxalic acid production from two fungi isolates viz. Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were studied by, including carbon, nitrogen source, salts and pH. The results showed that the molasses can be used as a carbon source of the acid production and its best concentration was 5.6 for both isolates, while the best nitrogen source was the ammonium sulphate with production of 24.1 and 21.3g/l for both fungi, respectively. Based on the results, KH2PO4 0.1+MgSO4.7H2O 0.05% was the best compound for production. pH value with higher mount of acid production was 6.5.

This experimental designed to investigate the distribution of Cryptosporidium in domesticated birds in Diwaniya Province. For this purpose, the fecal samples were randomly collected from chickens, turkeys and wild ducks (Ansa platyrhynchos) in different regions (rural and urban). The nested PCR technique was used to amplify an 830 bp 18S rDNA and a 1020 pb gp60 gene fragments. The results showed 31/160 (19.4%) of sample as positive for Cryptosporidium. In detail, Cryptosporidium was detecte in 26.6% (8/30) of turkeys, 17% (17/100) of domestic chicken and 23.3% (7/30) of wild ducks. The result of the nested PCR revealed C. meleagridis in 50% of domestic chicken, 27%Turkey and 19% of wild duck. The results indicate that C. meleagridis has widely distribution in domesticated bird, turkeys and wild ducks that play an important role as a natural source of cryptosporidia.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of highly protein diet on some haematological and serum biochemical parameters in female and male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) at different age stages. Three different age stages of birds (0-30, 30-44 and >44 days) were included. After measuring the weight of birds, they were slaughtered and a blood samples were taken. Based on the results, there was an increase in the general protein and albumin in females and males at the age 3 months. The globin was higher in males. Reagrding the ratio of phosphorus and calcium, they were higher in females than males and alkaline phosphate and hemoglobin were elevated in males at 3 months of age, and in females was raised at 1st month. An increase from the normal level of total protein, albumin, calcium, hemoglobin and, alkaline phosphatase and a decrease of phosphorous and globin were observed by ageing. Many of the parameters were different significantly between sexes.

Coccidiosis is an important disease in poultry industry with a high prevalence causing low food conversion rates with high death incidence. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of coccidiosis in chickens in Al-Diwaniyah City. During August 2019 to January 2020, a total of 467 (277 broilers and 190 layers) chickens random gut and fecal samples were collected from local stores and farms. The samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopically, the results showed the presence of infection in the intestinal parts. The incidence findings of droppings were 30.68% (n =85/277) and 10.52 % (n=20/190), respectively. However, for the gut samples, higher occurrence rates (70.58 and 70%), respectively, were found. The results of the seasonal prevalence had effect on chicken based on month but varying from 5.88% in August to 36.47% in November in brioler, and 5% in August to 25% in October and November in Layer. A significantly increase (P<0.05) incidence rate (23.52%) was revealed as a clinical form in broilers than layers (0%). 

This study examined the effect of green tea extract and metformin on diabetic mellitus in male rats. Based on the result, green-tea oral admistration (300 mg/kg body weight) showed a reduction in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin and insulin levels in diabetic rates in 30 days. The oral administration of green tea extracts in diabetic male rates caused the glycogen creation utilizing proteins by building the remainder of the cells to deliver more insulin. As conclusions, green tea has an effect comparable to that of metformin on diabetic patients.

Blend film from methylcellulose (MC)-poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was prepared by casting technique. Mechanical and FTIR tests have been employed with nine weight ratios, including 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70, 30, 80/20, 90/10) for each prepared polymer to investigate the best resulted sample. The results indicated that with increasing concentration of PVA, there is an increase in tensile strength in two prepared polymers. Whereas an increase in glycerol concentration in HPMC–PVA film causes an increase in elongation at break making films more flexible. The two samples that have high tensile strength were subjected to tensile tests after various periods of UV exposure. It was found that the tensile strength increased with increasing exposure time. The highest values obtained with 12 houre.

This study aimed to study the physical and chemical qualities of Al-Hilla water net by choosing eleven stations, three inside the water station in the successive precipitation, filtration and chlorination processes and eight are chosen according to its distance to Al-Hilla water station during December 2017. The parameters measured were temperature pH, total solids, dissolve solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, residual chlorine, chloride, sulfates, total phosphates and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The study presents pH tends to balance in the river and the water station and network. The total solids, dissolve solids, turbidity and electrical conductivity decrease clearly in the water station and network in comparison with the river. The magnesium, residual chlorines, chloride, calcium and sulfates do not change clearly in the water station and network. The pH, total solids, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium chloride and sulfates were within the standard measures of WHO. The values of residual chlorines and BOD5 are a little more than that and in spite of this it is regarded as drinking water. The BOD5 falls within the well classification of drinking water and domestic usage based on Iraqi qualities. Finally, no total coliform or fecal coliform found in Al-Hilla water station after its treatment with chloride

This study was designed to evaluate the levels of some biomarkers, including Galectin-3, Periostin, and Interleukin-33 in male albino rats induced as asthma disease model using albumin extracted from the egg. In addition, the histological and physiological indices were investigated to reveal of the protective role of fish oil (omega -3) (2-4mg/kg of body weight) against asthma induced by albumin for four weeks. These biomarkers are new diagnostic biomarkers for asthma-induced disease by albumen extracted from the egg and aluminum hydroxide. For this purpose, forty male albino rats were treated during 2020 to December 2020. The experimental animals are divided into four groups included: (1) treated group: ten animals for one month administrated with 2mg/kg omega-3, (2) 10 animals for one month administrated with 4mg/kg omega-3, (3) asthma induced group with 10 animals, and control group 10 animals. The results showed significant increases in serum concentrations of Galectin-3, Periostin, and Intrleukin-33 in induced asthma albino rats group (P<0.05), while there was a significant decrease in serum concentrations of Galectin-3, Periostin, and Interleukin-33 in the groups which treated with omega-3 fish oil as compared with induced asthma albino rats group (P<0.05). The histological sections of albino rats’ lungs revealed asthma induction in lung tissue which represented by degeneration, necrosis and high amount of the mucous production in bronchioles as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells around bronchioles while effects of albumin in bronchi and trachea sections showed sloughing, degeneration and necrosis around the epithelium of bronchioles. Based on the results, fish oil omega-3 has improved most histological and physiological deterioration.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaves extract on paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in male albino rates with arthritis and compare it with Naproxen drug. A total of 12 mature male albino rates were divided into four groups, as 3 male rates for each group, and the experiment continued for 14 days. The animals were divided as follow: G1: treated as negative control group, injected with 0.1ml/ physiological normal saline (0.9% Nacl) in the first and third day of the experiment, G2: treated as positive control injected with 0.1 ml/ animal of formaldehyde (2%) in the first and third day of the experiment (Arthritis group), T1: as arthritis group, treated with olive leaf extract orally as 45mg/kg of B.W once daily and T2: as arthritis group, treated with Naproxen tablet orally as 100mg/ kg of B.W once daily. The results showed a significant increase in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in the positive control compared with the negative control group and others groups. The results also showed a significant decrease in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in the T1 and T2. Also the results showed a significant decrease in the paw thickness, TNF-α, IL-6, RF, bilirubin, albumin and MDA in T2 group compared with T1. The present study showed that olive leaves extract attenuates Rheumatoid arthritis to be developed by reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, RF, MDA, bilirubin and albumin and its extract was being more safety from Naproxen drug because the adverse effects of Naproxen drug.

Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is a recessive bimodal autosomal genetic trait among human populations where some people are taster while other non-tester of PTC. The information of this trait important for genetics, anthropologists, biologists, and maybe to clinicians. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency of PTC in Arab Baghdadi population. A total of 1000 individuals apparently healthy were examined for the trait of tasters and non-tasters using PTC taste strips. Based on the results, of 1000 were tasters 690 (69%) and 310 (31%) non-tasters and who carry the homozygotes recessive (tt) which represented as q and dominants homozygote was represented as p in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, and the allele frequency of q (t) was 0.556 and p (T) was 0.444and according to Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, the heterozygotes are represented by the 2pq were (0.494) and the number of heterozygotes individuals were calculated 494.

The research aimed to determine the knowledge need for cattle and sheep breeders in the causes of sudden animal death in Almahalabiya/Nineveh Governorate, northern Iraq. The personal, social and communicative characteristics of the respondents were identified, and the relationship between the cognitive needs of animal breeders and the independent factors included in the study were identified. Where a proportional stratified random sample of size (10%) was selected from the selected villages with a population of 100 educators. A two-part questionnaire was prepared. The first part included measuring independent factors, while the second part included five domains and five items in each field to measure the cognitive needs of the animal breeder. The validity of the questionnaire was verified using apparent validity and content validity. Stability was confirmed by the Alpha-Cronbach method and the stability factor was 0.86. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and the Spearman correlation. The results showed that about 92% of the respondents need intermediate to high cognitive skills in the field of causes of sudden death of cattle and sheep. The study showed a significant correlation between cognitive needs and variables in the number of years of work and the number of training courses, while there was no significant correlation with the variables of age, gender, academic qualification, and agricultural information sources.

Ethanol (Eth. ext.), flavonoid (F. ext.), and anthocyanin (A. ext.) extracts of sumac fruits (Rhus coriaria) were performed. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Eth. ext. exhibited the existence of saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. In vitro, antioxidant evaluation for all prepared extracts was implemented using assays of β- carotene-linoleic acid, H2O2 scavenging and reducing power (RP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Also, the total contents of flavonoids and phenols were performed. The most potent antioxidant activity was observed in A. ext. followed by Eth. ext., and then F. ext. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in Eth. ext. TAC was declined with elevating boiling time, storage, and pH. Eth. ext. revealed antibacterial activity being strong against S. auras and E. coli at all utilized concentrations. Nevertheless, all extracts revealed a realistic and concentration-dependent inhibitory influence. Temperature and pH influence on TAC for Eth. ext. as a case study was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM).

This study includes synthesis, characterization three series of the new derivatives via schiff bases for ampicillin which known as a high medicinal effectiveness. Series A include preparation schiff bases (A1-A6) by condensation of ampicillin with many substituted aldehyedes, while series B include preparation of six amines (B1-B6) is hydrazine hydrate derivatives by reaction schiff bases compounds which prepared in series A with hydrazine hydrate, then series C included for preparation of new six polymers C1-C6 by reaction of poly methyl methacrylate with amine compounds which prepared in series B. The synthesized polymers were identified by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and 1H-NMR) and measurement some of its physical characteristics.

The current study as case control was intended to evaluate the potential petrol exposure effects on the blood parameters of workers at field and comparing them with workers at office in province of Basrah, Iraq. From petrol filed, the blood of 53 individuals being exposed and other blood individual’s samples of 53 as group being unexposed were collected. Full blood picture analysis was done utilizing hematology analyzer that fully automated in Nassriy hospital. Level of cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) were assessed. The results displayed significant rising in level of Cd and Hg in refinery field workers. Additionally, most biomarkers as blood (out of 24 biomarkers) were not changed significantly in both study groups. Nevertheless, RBC, WBC, HB and PCV% were increased significantly in oil field workers comparison to non-oil field workers. Furthermore, the total platelets number (PLT) was declined significantly comparing to the control. No significant relations were found between the work duration, age and all parameters as blood. It can be concluded that exposure to petrol of a potential for inducing blood disease among working people at Basarh fields besides no significant changes for most blood workers biomarkers at field in comparing to the office working group as control. We also reported the increase in ALKA and ALT in filed attendance workers comparing to the control although, no change noticed in urea and serum proteins and other parameters comprised in the current study. Based on the results, occupations in oil filed in Iraq needs more attention and tests to make sure they are safe. Lack of secretariat and safety procedures in oil filed and diminished of periodical physical exams certainly will lead to numerous health effects on workers and their families.

The study examined the effects of kinetin (KIN) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) applied as seed treatment of salinity stressed. Plants were grown in pots containing peat and perlite in 1:1 (v/v) mixture. Different treatments including (1) control (nutrient solution alone), (2) salt stress [100mM sodium chloride (NaCl)], (3) 100mM NaCl and 1mM kinetin (KIN), (4) 100mM NaCl and 2mM KIN, (5) 100mM NaCl and 1mM indole acetic acid (IAA), (6) 100 mM NaCl and 2 mM IAA, (7) 100mM NaCl and 25mg L−1 KIN and (8) 100mM NaCl and 25mg L−1 IAA were designed. The seeds were soaked in KIN or IAA solution for 12h. Salt stress reduced the total dry matter, seedlings length and relative water content (RWC), but increased activities of APX and CAT. However, seed treatments with KIN or IAA did not improve salinity tolerance in wheat and maize plants. Furthermore, seed treatments with KIN and IAA reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the salt stressed-plants.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant lipid metabolic condition that affects people from birth. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are extremely high. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia have a nearly two-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). LRP-1 serves as a scavenger receptor, a regulatory receptor, and a scaffold receptor. A total of 150 blood samples were taken from people, with 50 of them being patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, and healthy control subjects. This study aimed to measure gene expression for LRP-1 gene and mir-205 and indicating their relationship to the development of cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolemia and non-familial hypercholesterolemia. Also, screening for familial hypercholesterolemia and its connection cardiovascular disease using mir-205 as a biomarker specific and sensitive for the LRP-1 gene was done. The expression of LRP-1 and mir-205 in whole blood was estimated using reverse transcriptase quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression of LRP-1 in the fold of gene expression in F.H patients' group was lower than that of healthy group, while the expression of mir-205 in the fold of gene expression in F.H patients' group was 14 time higher than that of healthy group. The results also showed low LRP-1 expression is present in familial hypercholesterolemia and non-familial hypercholesterolemia. The familial hypercholesterolemia group was associated with the lowest expression of LRP-1 and followed by the non-familial hypercholesterolemia. This reflects an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. overexpression of mir-205 is found in familial hypercholesterolemia and non-familial hypercholesterolemia. The familial hypercholesterolemia group was associated with the highest expression of mir-205 and followed by the non-familial hypercholesterolemia. This reflects that mir-205 is overexpressed in the cardiovascular system, suppressing LRP1 translation and thereby lowering LRP1 protein levels.

This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn in water, and gills and muscles of Coptodon Zilli. Physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, total hardness, magnesium, DO, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) were also analyzed to evaluate the pollution parameters and health risk impact on organisms and human consumers. Monthly samples of water and fishes were collected from rearing ponds in the Karbala region from February to May 2019. The concentrations of the heavy metals found in the water samples ranged 0.063-0.099, 0-0.098, 0-0.046, and 0.0011-0.071mg/L for Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The concentration of the same metals in tilapia gills ranged from 0.0231-0.0617, 0.0132-0.098, 0.023-0.19 and 1.74-5.5mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations found in tilapia muscles for Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn were 0.018-0.062, 0.0038-0.108, 0.018-0.0602 and 0.597-1.56mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of these heavy metals arelower than established standards by the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the water quality standard of Iraqis natural water for water and fish samples. The only exception was found for Zn in which the concentration in the tilapia gills was greater than the acceptable limit (3mg/kg). Regarding the measured physical and chemical parameters, the results ranged from 16-36 and 14-28°C to air and water temperature; 2161-2932μs/cm for EC; 1440-1480mg/L to TDS; 1100-1500mg/L for total hardness; 1001-1301mg/L for calcium; 21-67mg/L for Mg and 6-8.5 and 0.2-3.81mg/L forDO and BOD. These parameters led to the conclusion that the studied lakes were considered as unpolluted to or moderately polluted.

CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a widespread virus and body retains the virus for the rest of the life after infection. Since CMV impacts on person’s health, CMV infection can be deadly for patients with compromised immune systems, including those undergone an organ, stem cell, or bone marrow transplant. This work aimed to study the relationship between viral infection of CMV and leucopenic cancer patients. A total of 170 blood samples were taken from patients who agreed to participate (cross-sectional study). Middle Euphrates Cancer Center participants were separated into two groups: 80 cancer patients with Leucopenia, 90 cancer patients without Leucopenia, without Leucopenia. 80 people had 50 lgM-positive (62.5%), 61 IgG-positive (76%) and 45 CMV-Ags positive cases (56 % ). In mild cases, 8 IgM and 9 IgG positive patients were found. There were also 5 CMV-Ags positives (51,2 %). 25 IgM positive, 19 IgG positive, 17 CMV-Ag 6 positive. There were 23 IgM positives, 31 IgG positives, and 23 viral Ag positives. (10,11 %). The current study showed the existence of viral infections in the group of cancer patients who suffer from leucopenia compared to the group of patients without. Because of a weakened immune system, the virus reactivated.