نشریه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1399)

Today, the importance of developing and improving the business environment as a prerequisite for the development of entrepreneurship and the achievement of favourable economic growth is to a large extent considered in the world's economic space as infrastructure and economic strategy. Considering the importance of the subject of this study, it is planned to use the panel data regression method to study the effect of business climate indicators on the Entrepreneurship development Index as a prerequisite for the achieving economic growth in selected countries of the document area of the future. In the period 2018-2010. The results of the research show that all the explanatory variables of the research model have a positive and significant effect on the Entrepreneurship development Index as a prerequisite for achieving economic growth during the studied period. also, the results of the study indicate that among the indicators studied, Starting a Business, Getting Credit, Protecting Minority Investors and Paying Taxes have the greatest impact on the Entrepreneurship development Index as a precondition for achieving economic growth in the selected countries of the document area, which indicates the importance and the need to pay particular attention to these indicators in creating an appropriate environment for Entrepreneurial activities developing entrepreneurship and ultimately achieving favorable economic growth in the studied countries

Today, the government is trying to create financial and administrative independence in organizations and social funds in order to reduce its direct obligations (Article 29 of the Constitution) and increase the efficiency of organizations. In this research, using research backgrounds and interviews with experts, we examine the nature and form of various factors resulting from the "(influence) of macro policies on the financial and administrative independence of the social security system" as well as the factors influencing the executive, legislative, and mechanism. Legislation and of course Social Security Organization focuses on the research topic, based on which the challenges and factors affecting the topic are first identified by studying and interviewing Social Security experts and related groups and then the extent and manner of the relationship between the various factors and their effectiveness. The organization was also judged by experts and properties, ultimately indicators And sub-areas related to the challenges of financial and administrative independence of the Social Security Organization were leveled by the ISM method (Table 3). The analysis of macroeconomic factors identifies how they influence the political and managerial levels and layers of the country as the most influential (direct) factors. In the following, we briefly review the factors arising from the legislative and executive branch and are identified as intermediate (effective and effective) factors, and finally, the Social Security Organization is considered as the most influential layer.Keywords: General System Policies, Financial and Administrative Independence, Social Security Organization, Social Security System,

Difference between subsidized fuel prices inside and outside the country, create good opportunity for trafficking in fuel by smugglers. A major challenge is happen in supply and distribution cycle of fuel by this problem. Then, providing a framework for managing subsidy fuel is essential in economy of the country.In the first step in this research, the root cause of the smuggling of fuel was identified by the fish boned method and reading studies, field studies, interview and Delphi method. Then, the cause and effect relation of the factors was drawn with DEMATEL method. Then, the solutions were presented to eliminate these factors through mental storm meetings and interviews with oil industry experts. At the final step, ranking of solutions for resource allocation are done by the hybrid AHP-DEMATEL method.At each stage of the proposed research framework, the results obtained were certified by oil industry experts. This is a solid proof of the credibility of the proposed framework for the elimination of fuel smuggling in the country.

trade liberalization and economic growth is human capital. Payh Y theoretical study, based on Tsn (2006). This study focuses on two Jnbh Y economy: the growth of the economy during the period of economic growth without the oil sector during Dvrh Y1353-1394 Zmany1338-1394V, Engel-Granger causality tests and surveys with the help of Mdt short periods during the long-term integration and error correction model (ECM) and Auto Regressive model distributed lag (ARDL) has been obtained. the results of the model indicate that the index of trade liberalization in Dvrh Y short-term economic growth (total and non-oil sector), is a positive and significant effect, but only in the long period of economic growth is significant. The human capital index only during the long-term economic growth (total and non-oil sector) is positive and significant effect of the period of short-term positive effects, however, are meaningless. The human capital index only during the long-term economic growth (total and non-oil sector) is positive and significant effect of the period of short-term positive effects, however, are meaningless.

ICT is one of the essential tools for expanding economic activity and accelerating economic growth. In this study, using a FAVAR model with time-varying parameters (TVP-FAVAR), the effects and determinants of GDP per capita, with emphasis on the variables of ICT is investigated.. Accordingly, using data from 1986 to 2016 the effects of shocks on ICT index, trade openness, the ratio of Government expenditures to GDP, the formation of gross fixed capital, and active labor force, on Iran's per capita GDP is investigated. Based on the results, the effects of information and communication technology on per capita GDP is significantly positive, the results also indicate that investment has positive effects; Active labor force and trade openness also have positive effects on GDP per capita. The results represent a coincidence in the non-linear effects of model variables on GDP per capita, so that in some periods such as 1990 to 1994, when the positive effects of shock on the formation of gross fixed capital expenditure is decreasing, there are a reduction in the positive effects of trade openness; accordingly, the results point to the necessity of using nonlinear models to study the effects and determinants of GDP per capita.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis the impact of the business environment on the Development of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. Using equations system (2 sls) and Panel data method during the 2010-2015 for 20 developing countries by higher than average income, has been carried out. In this study of the two regression equation has been used in the equation for the economic growth of entrepreneurial indicator variables , foreign direct investment , labour and fix capital and in the equation for the entrepreneurship indicator from variables of business regulations index and the government expenditure on education and the economic growth rate is used. Research findings illustrate that business regulations index indirectly and entrepreneurial index, foreign direct investment, labour and fix capital directly have significant and positive impact on the economic growth. Where as business regulations indicator and the government expenditure on education show significant and positive impact on entrepreneurship in research sample.

In the wake of the financial crisis in various asset markets, Attention necessity to mutual and simultaneous effects of these cycles in Prevention of deep crisis by imposing adaptive adjustment, flexible and integrated policies by the monetary and capital authorities in the country is inevitable. Thus, this study using a stochastic portfolio literature in a dynamic structural model framework , is investigated the impacts of Return cycles in exchange and gold markets , which have a higher liquidity than other assets, on stock market cycles .The Results significantly implicate the transmission of Exchange and gold markets shocks to the stock market. In addition, the stock market cycles receive more impacts from the exchange market than gold market. So according to the connection of these markets together, the capital market policy makers are recommended to prevent financial collapse and extreme crisis in the stock market during financial crisis in currency and gold markets by imposing supportive policies. It is also advisable to provide adequate support to the capital market in the event that the currency and gold markets are in demand due to future economic uncertainty so that capital will not be sent to other markets for speculative purposes.

Achieving a regional balance which is compatible with each regions’s capabilities and potentials is one the policies of already approved land survey polices. Accordingly, the policy of consctruting new cities has been planned and implemented due to efficient and balanced distribution of population. The main objective of the research is to analyze the role of new cities in balancing the present and future physical space structure of Tehran metropolican area and to address the question of whether construction of new cities in Tehran neighborhood has been effective in attracting the suplus of population and developing a balanced area. The findings suggest that except for the the new city of Andisheh in Tehran metropolis (with realization of more than 75 percent of predicted population), other new cities have failed to attract the population or confronted major problems. In the study, the rank-size distribution method was adopted to identify the impact of new cities on physical space structure of Tehran metropolitan and the MicMac software was used to develop scenarios of spatial organizition development and the positioning of new cities. The results show that the new cities have no effects on the balance of physical space structure of Tehran metropolitan area and these new cities have failed to make significant impact of attracting poulation of the area with only a slight number, around 359,029 people ( 2.4 % of the area’s population ) in a 30-year period from 1987 to 2017.