نشریه خانواده و بهداشت
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 24، تابستان 1399)

There is a high incidence of distressing psychological symptoms including anxiety in pregnancy. Pregnant mothers should benefit from strategies to deal with pregnancyrelated anxiety and interpersonal and family physical adjustments. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of intolerance of ambiguity in the relationship between coping strategies with pregnancy anxiety.

The study method was a causal-comparative research and the statistical population of the present study consisted of pregnant women who were referred to health centers of Social Security Organization of Tehran province in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018 and the sample size was 384 according to the Cramer formula which was selected by multistage sampling. The study tools were Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (Van den Bergh, 1989) and Coping Styles Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1980). To analyze the data oneway analysis of variance was used.

In the present study the F scores of the marital relationship (F(1 & 175)=28.84, P≤0.01); fear of giving birth to a child with physical or mental health issues (F(1 & 175)=13.30, P≤0.01); fear of childbirth (F(1 & 175)=37.44, P≤0.01); fear of changes (F(1 & 175)=14.24, P≤0.01) and fear of the changes in personal life (F(1 & 175)=26.10, P≤0.01) were obtained at the significant level of 0.01.

The greater use of the problem-focused coping style in pregnant women, the same amount of concern about unpredictable future situations in these women is reduced and eventually less anxiety is experienced.

Music as a means of communication can be a means of expressing emotions, attitudes and feelings. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Iranian musical instrument education on self-actualization and mindfulness of adolescent girls.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and with control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of girls from District 2 of Punak neighborhood who had just started playing and training in schools in this area, from which 30 people were selected and randomly in 2 experimental group trained by an Iranian instrument and control group. The research tools were mindfulness questionnaire and Short Index of SelfActualization, which was administered in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The experimental group underwent training with an Iranian musical instrument based on Santoor standard training book in 12 sessions. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

The results of the present study showed that the Iranian musical instrument education was effective on the components of mindfulness and self-actualization at the level of 0.01 and had an increasing effect on them.

Based on the results of the present study, the Iranian musical instrument education for students and adolescents, which increases their mindfulness and self-actualization, is one of the implications and practical suggestions of the present study.

In the current situation, the Iranian family is undergoing many changes due to the move towards modernity. The purpose of this study was Determination and Comparison of Marital Commitment and Relational Beliefs between Two Last Generation Couples.

The research method was comparative causal. The statistical population of this study consisted of all 22-30 year-old married students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj. Sampling method was available. 280 people were selected as samples. The instruments used in this research were Researcher-made demographic questionnaire, Adams & Jones Marriage Commitment Questionnaire 1997 and Relational Beliefs Inventory (RBI) Eidelson & Epstein (1982. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in couples' marital commitment between two generations (P≤0/01, F=6/64), old generation couples were more marital committed in comparison with new generation couples. However, there was no significant difference in the couples' beliefs of the two generations in couples of two generations (P>0/05, F=0/34).

According to the results of this research, we can say that with the generation gap that has been created between the old and the new generation, there are differences in the values of the individuals that resulted in a significant difference between the marital commitments of the two generations.

Interpersonal problems are an issue that can occur in relation to others. The purpose of this study was the prediction of interpersonal problems based on narcissism and attachment.

The research method was descriptive and correlational type and the statistical population consisted of all residents of Karaj in the summer of 2018. 250 residents of Karaj city were selected through available sampling method from amusement, cultural and artistic centers. They answered Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and entire regression analysis.

The results of this study showed that avoidant attachment (β=0.365, P=0.000) and narcissism (P=0.52, β=0.015) predicted positively and significantly the interpersonal problems.

Of the findings of the present study could conclude that the demonstration of insecure attachment styles, which includes fear of rejection and insecurity, and anger of attachment in relationships in avoidance afflictions, which eventually lead to avoidance and withdrawal of the intimate relationships and the manifestation of a narcissism personality that causes self-righteousness and, as a result, anger, when is ignore and disapprove from the society, leads to ambivalence and sensitivities in relationships and behaviors that imply the lack of socialization of an individual.

Menopause is a process characterized by a cessation of monthly cycle and a range of symptoms. Age of menopause can vary from one individual to another and it can depend on several factors. However there is no general agreement in the results of various studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the age of menopause and the factors affecting the onset age of menopause.

A Descriptive–Analytic study, on 400 menopausal women in Astara city who were randomly selected and interviewed. The data collected by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-student, chi-square, Pearson and spearman correlation tests.

These results showed that mean age at menopause was 47.21  4.15 years. The most prevalent symptom was nervousness (67.2%), headache (52.1%), difficulty in concentrating (49.8%), muscle and joint pains (45.5%) and lowest complication was Parts of body feel numb (16.7%). It was found that age at menarche, parity, irregular menstrual cycle, use of oral contraceptives, marital status, mother's age at natural menopause and diet were significantly related to age at natural menopause (P<0.05).

In this study the mean age of menopause in women was less than the others reports. Since the socioeconomic status, reproductive characteristics and dietary are related to the age at natural menopause in women. Therefore, Menopausal age can be increased by proper planning to modify adjustable factors.

One of the most common diseases in Iran and the world is metabolic syndrome, which can be an important risk factor for other diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver, cholesterol, etc. The aim of this study was to develop a group semantic therapy program and evaluate its effectiveness on existential anxiety in female patients with metabolic syndrome.

This study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, a meaningful intervention program was developed and then in the second stage, after compiling and validating the treatment program, a semi-experimental research method with pre-test-post-experimental design with control group and two-month follow-up period was used. The research population included adult women between the ages of 25 and 60 with metabolic syndrome who referred to the health centers of Semnan city in 1397. Sampling method was selected as a sample of 30 people and individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tool was the scale of existential anxiety (Thani et al., 2015).

The findings showed that the effect of group semantic therapy on death anxiety was also confirmed in patients with metabolic syndrome (p <0.01), but its stability was rejected over a 2-month period (p> 0.01). The effect of this training on loneliness anxiety and its 2-month stability was also rejected (p> 0.01). However, its effect on semantic anxiety and the stability of its effect were confirmed in a period of 2 months (p <0.01). Also, the effect of the training program on anxiety was rejected (p> 0.01), but the stability of its effect was confirmed in the 2-month follow-up period (p <0.01).

The results showed that the developed training program has practical features and can play a decisive and effective role in some of the variables of existential anxiety.

One of the psychological factors that can possibly be effective in choosing the type of childbirth and resilience to Childbirth pain is personality traits. The purpose of this study was to evaluation of personality features and type of childbirth in 6 to 9 months first pregnant women.

The research method was causal-comparative and the statistical population of the study consisted of 450 6 to 9 months first pregnant women referred to private hospitals of Nikan and Gandhi in 2016-2017 which among them, 208 people were selected by random sampling method. Research tool were NEO-Five Factor Inventory by Costa & McCrae (1989). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.

The results of this study showed that the mean of neuroticism in subjects with cesarean section was significantly higher than other types of delivery. The mean of extraversion in cesarean section was significantly higher than other types of delivery. The mean of openness to experience in cesarean section was significantly higher than other types of delivery. The mean of agreeableness in cesarean section was significantly higher than other types of delivery. The mean of conscientiousness in cesarean section was significantly higher than other types of delivery.

Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness traits with increasing openness, consistency, responsibility and acceptance in pregnant women, reduces the stress and negative emotions, and this process leads to a more correct selection in first pregnant women who are more likely to have a natural childbirth, and an easier process.

One of the issues that should be considered in relation to the educational system of each country is the difference between the planning of courses and the method of education in ordinary students and sages. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare general health, personality traits and academic self-efficacy in pre-university students of normal schools and academics.

the sample of this study consisted of 240 female students of pre-university schools in Rasht who were randomly selected according to Morgan's table. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, field and casual-comparative.

The findings showed that there was a positive and significant difference between the mean of  general health and personality traits (extraversion, pleasantness, conscientiousness, excitability and open-mindedness) of female pre-university students in Rasht schools (at a significance level of 0.03), but in terms of self-efficacy. Academic does not apply and there is no difference between academic self-efficacy in normal students and sages (at a significance level of 0.03).

According to these findings, it seems that normal school students have different personality traits and less general health compared to Farzanegan schools. Therefore, it is recommended that regular school students be given more attention by psychologists, counsellors and other staff as well as their families.