Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Recentlly, resistance to antibiotics has increased and antibiotic-resistant strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged among Enterobacteriaceae, mainly in Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this study we aimed to determine phenotypic and genotypic ESBL production in isolated E. coli from women with urinary tract infection (UTI).

In total, 92 E. coli isolates were collected from patients with UTI. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all E. coli isolates were investigated. Morover, Mast D68C test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for phenotypic and genotypic investigation of ESBLs in the studied isolates.

Totally, 92 isolates of E. coli were investigated, among which 51 (55.4%) isolates were resistant to cefotaxime/ceftazidime. Theise resistante isolates were included in the study. Among the resistant isolates, 40 (78.4%) cases were ESBL producers. Moreover, all the 40 isolates were observed with both CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 resistance genes.

In general, high increasing prevalence of ESBL producer E. coil isolates of E. coil is a serious problem in the investigated region. Therefore, development of a rapid and simple method is essential to for the identification of various ESBL producer isolates.

Procrastination is not only observed in individuals but is one of the tendencies of the human beings influenced by culture. Academic procrastination is considered as the most common form of the condition. Among the factors affecting learning are meta-cognitive styles that include beliefs and behavioral preferences. Academic procrastination is a voluntarily postponing the completion of activities and assignments affecting aspects of personal and academic life negatively. The current inspection dealt with the effectiveness of metacognitive skills on goal orientation and academic procrastination of students within the age range of 9-12 years old with specific learning disabilities.

The statistical population of the study consisted of 150 students within the age range of 9-12 years old with specific learning disabilities in Qom city. Through random sampling, thirty students with learning disabilities were selected as the main sample of the study. Moreover, two scaling measures along with two questionnaires as the goal orientation and academic procrastination (each having particular scales) were used in order to collect the required data. Finally, multivariate analysis of covariance was applied to analyze the collected data.

The findings of this quasi-experimental research revealed that metacognitive skills had a significant effect on improvement of students with disabilities in Qom (P <0.0001). Furthermore, it was found that metacognitive skills also influenced the academic procrastination and goal orientation of Qom students for the experimental group with special disabilities (P <0.0001).

Metacognitive skills, aspect of affecting academic progress, helps the students with special learning disabilities in goal orientation and academic procrastination. They influence the studentschr('39') academic progress in a positive manner through controlling thoughts, feelings, and performance. Furthermore, metacognitive skills culminate in progress motivation, verbal comprehension, language learning, perception, attention, memory, problem solving, social cognition, and more.

Growing evidence indicates that the incidence of autoimmune diseases has remarkably increased in recent decades. In many cases, oral manifestations are the first signs of autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of gingival involvement in patients with autoimmune mucocutaneous diseases referred to Isfahan Dental School during a thirty-year period (1989-2018).

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, the data of 848 patients with autoimmune mucocutaneous diseases, referred to Pathology Department of Isfahan Dental School from 1989 to 2018, were reviewed. The obtained data were fed into SPSS-22 software and analyzed by central and dispersion indices and one-way ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The most common autoimmune mucocutaneous disease was lichen planus (n =556) and the least common was erythema multiforme (n =10). The highest gingival involvement was related to pemphigoid disease (40.8%) and the least gingival involvement was seen in erythema multiforme (10%).

Considering the high frequency of gingival involvement in autoimmune diseases and the significance of its diagnosis, dentists can play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and early treatment of patients with autoimmune mucocutaneous disease.

Suicide is one of the major mental health problems. One of the most important ways to prevent suicide is to identify people with suicidal thoughts and also to identify the factors that can affect suicidal thoughts. The aim of this study was to predict suicidal thoughts in female students of Ilam universities.

In this cross-sectional study, 331 female students of Ilam universities in May to August 2020 participated by cluster sampling using an online questionnaire. Suicidal thoughts was measured using Beck Suicide Scale Thoughts, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) was measured using 19 indicators of Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and depression and anxiety using DASS42 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Linear and logistic regression models were used to predict suicidal thoughts.

Suicidal thoughts had a significant relationship with depression, anxiety, and premenstrual symptoms (P<0.01). The results of univariate logistic showed that the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in people with extremely severe and severe depression was 33 and 13 times higher than those without depression and in people with extremely severe and severe anxiety was 9 and 4 times higher than in people without anxiety (P<0.001). Suicidal thoughts were 3 times more common in people with severe PMS symptoms than in those with mild symptoms (P=0.002).

The results showed that anxiety, depression, and PMS have a direct and significant relationship with suicidal thoughts in female  students of Ilam Universities. Therefore, by providing mental health services and screening for mental disorders and premenstrual symptoms, an effective step can be taken to prevent suicide among students.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that has many public health problems. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) are considered as the main factors regulating inflammation and pathology of knee osteoarthritis. This study was done to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aerobic training on inflammatory biomarkers (IL-10 and TNF- α) in the brain tissue of osteoarthritic rats.

In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 in each group) as follows: 1. Naive (healthy control), 2. Osteoarthritis (Ost), 3. Osteoarthritis + saline (Sal), 4. Osteoarthritis + mesenchymal cells (Mes), 5. Osteoarthritis + training (Tra), and 6. Osteoarthritis + training + mesenchymal cells (Tra + Mes). An essential aerobic exercise program was performed for eight weeks as follows:  Speed: 15-22 meters per minute; Slope: 0o for 25-64 minutes. Inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines, in the brain tissue of rats, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The combination of training and treatment with MSCs in the brain of osteoarthritic rats significantly increased the level of IL-10 in comparison with the use of MSCs or aerobic exercise alone. Moreover, the combined use of exercise and MSCs caused a significant decrease in TNF-α concentration.

It seems that the combined use of MSCs and eight weeks of aerobic exercise improves the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers in the brain of a rat model of osteoarthritis.

Nowadays, business markets are dynamic and unpredictable and they require organizations that repeatedly implement and follow change. So, the present study aims to investigate the effect of employees’ psychological empowerment on factors affecting the organizational change of Khorasan Razavi University of Medical Sciences and to present an appropriate model.

This research was a correlation research and had a survey-exploratory method. The statistical population of the study were all managers and employees (formal, temporary to permanent and contractual) of the staff of Khorasan Razavi University of Medical Sciences in 2009 from which 291 people were selected as a sample by the availability sampling method. The tool was a questionnaire that the researcher has designed and compiled based on the expertschr('39') ideas and its validity and reliability have been confirmed. Data analysis was also performed by Bartlett’s test of sphericity and correlation matrix and factor analysis.

Findings show that psychological empowerment and each of its components such as competence, autonomy, effectiveness and meaningfulness of the job, has a positive and significant effect on the factors affecting organizational change.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that before any action in organizational change, managers and policy makers should consider the capabilities of familiarity and employeeschr('39') psychological with the category of change; Because implementers of these changes will be employees in the organization and if they show psychological resistance to change, the change program leads to failure or would be difficult to implement.

Prenatal events such as premature birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score can affect life after birth. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between birth Apgar score and cognitive development and symptoms of behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.

In the present study 300 children aged 5-12 years old entered the study. Neonatal Apgar score and other information related to the neonatal at birth were extracted from delivery records. Cognitive development was evaluated by the Raven's Coloured Progressive. Symptoms of behavioral disorders were assessed by the Rutter Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire for parents and the validity of 97% and reliability of 92% were achieved. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

The correlation between Apgar score and cognitive development was equal to 0.351 which was significant at P < 0.001. there was a significant relationship between Apgar score and cognitive development. Also, the correlation between Apgar score and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), antisocial behavior, maladaptation, anxiety, and aggression was 0.368, 0.265, 0.419, 0.434, and 0.553, respectively. All of them were significant at P < 0.001, i.e., there was a significant inverse relationship between Apgar and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial behavior, maladaptation, anxiety, as well as aggression.

Factors that reduce the Apgar score at birth can affect cognitive development and behavior in childhood and adolescence and cause many problems. On the other hand, more hospitalization of these infants in their intensive care unit can lead to disruption in child development.

Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease, the exact cause of which is unknown. One of the common treatments for erosive lichen planus (ELP) is the use of topical corticosteroids of adcortyl ointment (triamcinolone in orabase). On the other hand, beclomethasone spray as a topical corticosteroid is easy to use in the mouth. The purpose of this comparative study was to investigate the effects of beclomethasone and adcortyl in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus lesions (EOLP).

The present single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with EOLP lesions with a mean age of 40.55 years at Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Beclomethasone and adcortyl were co-administered on lesions in both sides of the mucosa of the cheek, gums or margin of tongue for 3 to 6 weeks, after which the dose was adjusted. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the effect of drugs. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (α = 0.05).

The results of this study showed that there was no difference between applying beclomethasone and adcortyl in terms of reducing the extent and severity of EOLP lesions, and adcortyl was more effective than beclomethasone in relieving pain symptoms (P < 0.05).

The therapeutic effects of the adcortyl and beclomethasone were similar in controlling the EOLP lesions. Adcortyl was more effective than beclomethasone in relieving pain and irritation symptoms.