نشریه مهندسی جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

In this study, factors affecting energy consumption and fuel choice of households in Mahabad were studied. Most of the previous studies related to energy consumption by households have emphasized the importance of effective factors in the consumption sector, and determinants of energy choice in households are largely neglected in this regard. According to the literature, this study aimed to identify the dominant model of energy choice and consumption in households of Mahabad, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, it considers the changes that the pattern of energy choice and consumption may be steadily incurred. For this purpose, a variety of energy sources used in households such as LPG, electricity, and kerosene are discussed for cooking, heating and cooling, lighting, and household appliances. Besides, in choosing and consumption of household energy, demographic variables including household size, gender, age, education level, and income group were studied. For this purpose, logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain quantitative data from 821 households in Mahabad. The results of the received data showed that if other variables are fixed, the income level may lead to a change in the consumption of LPG and electricity. Contrary to other independent variables, the age could have a significant impact on the choice and energy consumption by households. These findings can help to better understanding the factors influencing the energy choice and consumption of a household in other cities and can be useful to support policymakers in their consumption patterns.

Tourist Residences (Hospitality Services) are considered to be the most important part of tourism services and facilities, which include a wide range of activities, among which the aparthotel is a kind of tourist accommodation that has a specific local and cultural characteristics. Since tourist attraction is important for monetization and survival of scattered settlements in rural areas, the present study identifies strategies for boosting tourist attraction in the resort town of Radkan, located in the city of Chenaran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data analysis was performed with the help of strategic planning tools (SWOT-QSPM matrix). Based on field studies and documents, 15 strengths and opportunities were identified as an advantage and 13 weaknesses and threats as a constraint and bottleneck for tourist attraction to the indigenous community of Radekans. The views of 60 tourists using this accommodation were found in Questionnaire questionnaire was questioned. According to the final score of 2.65 = IFE and 2.46 = EFE in the SWOT matrix, optimal (maximum-minimum) competitive strategies were identified for attracting tourists to the community. In the following, optimal strategies were prioritized by the QSPM Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix. In this matrix, the most important strategy for increasing the attraction of tourists was "Development of a Comprehensive Tourism Management Program in Radkan Village" with a score of 1.44.

Technological advances, especially in the transport and communications sector and the prevalence of capitalist economics, have greatly altered the spatial structure of many human settlements. The weaknesses of the appropriate form, the immediate decision-making process, and the dispersed decision-making process of rural growth leading to destruction of agricultural land and gardens, social solidarity reduction, increased pollution and reduced general health have been driven by land use change. It can be said that the use of intelligent growth policies for rural areas is also necessary in light of the foundations of sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of development of 8 villages in Nazlou villages in terms of social, environmental and infrastructural indicators, which was done by descriptive-analytic method. Required data were prepared using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and ranking of villages was done using a Gray model. The results of the research show that there are no suitable conditions for intelligent growth in the studied villages, but according to the developmental indices of Nazlou, Taze Kand Qaterchi and Taze Kand Janizeh, the first to third ranks respectively. In general, the results show that the concept of rural development has been displaced by rural growth because the results showed that most villages in terms of the status of ecological indicators are much worse than other indicators, the main issue of the "sustainable development" paradigm at the Rio Conference And Brentland speaks of London.

Preserving the landscape of rural areas and its related activities, restoring traditional tissues, optimal land use, keeping villagers active in fields and gardens by increasing their initial facilities for them while creating leisure opportunities for domestic and foreign tourists along with employment creation. And sustainable income is one of the advantages of implementing agroturism or agricultural tourism for the economic and social prosperity of rural areas of Guilan province, which has agricultural potential and typical tourist villages.Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of agroturism on the socioeconomic flourishing of rural areas of Guilan province. Accordingly, the key question of the research is that what are the scientific and practical strategies of agroturism in the sustainable development of rural areas of Guilan province? The research is applied in terms of its purpose and its methodology is descriptive-analytic. To provide appropriate strategies and strategies by identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the existing, SWOT analytical model has been used.The statistical population of the study consisted of professors and experts in rural planning and development and tourism. The results showed that strengths (4/24) and opportunity (4/24) were superior to the weaknesses (4) and threats (3,6). In this regard, it is recommended that, taking into account the talents and capabilities in the province, identifying and exploiting the existing fields, the ways of its development and transformation into the attraction and sources of income of the villagers.

AbstractInvestigating land use change is one of the most important issues because land use change can lead to loss of natural resources, increased sedimentation, and even increased risk of flooding. In this study, land use changes in this basin were examined using Landsat images and remote sensing and geographic information systems in the period 1998 to 2018. The results showed that due to the expansion of water resources, the area of agricultural lands and vegetation has increased. On the other hand, parts of valuable agricultural land have been lost due to the expansion of towns and villages. However, the expansion of developed areas has also led to the loss of some agricultural land and vegetation. Identifying and reviewing land use changes in the study area can help managers and planners in identifying the factors affecting land use change and making the right management decisions at different levels.

The prerequisite for the development of development in any society depends on having social support, of which social capital is one that has elements such as social trust, social cohesion, social participation, and social awareness. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and analyze the impact of social capital components on urban development in Zabol. The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. How to collect information is "survey". The statistical sample of this study using Cochran's formula is 384 citizens over 15 years of age in Zabol who were selected by simple stratified and random sampling. Data analysis and analysis were also performed in Spss software using regression correlation coefficient to test the hypotheses and t-test to measure the items. The findings showed that the relationship between the components of social capital and urban development is confirmed. Also, the results of step-by-step regression analysis indicate that the two variables of social cohesion and social trust remain in the equation and have the highest effect on explaining the dependent variable (urban development). Finally, based on the results of this study, it can be stated that social capital can be a very strong spiritual force for urban development.

A historical study of a city can reveal points that cannot be identified in theoretical discussions the Hamadan city is unique because of its efforts to create a modern urban network planned according to the principles of urban planning.The organic fabric of the Hamadan city during the Qajar period was completely changed by Carl Frisch's plan in 1928 and took on a completely different structure Design based on the radial ring system that was different from all the cities in Iran.The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of the implementation of this unique plan on how to expand the city physically over a period of approximately 100years.This article is applied in terms of type and is analytical-descriptive in terms of research method. Therefore, in the first stage, factors in shaping the structure of Hamadan city were extracted during the last hundred years and their validity was evaluated by CVR method. Then, a questionnaire was surveyed by the urban experts and the T-Student and Friedman tests in spss25 software were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each factor and their rating on the impact of Carl Frisch's plan.According to the results of this study, the first and second urban comprehensive plans of the city, slum settlements, Inner City River,speculation and Game exchange were influenced by Frisch's plan.Contrary to the aforementioned factors, three factors including land topography in the city, settlement plans and historical areas within the urban context were not influenced by the Carl Frisch Plan.

recent years and during the development programs designed, after more than 7 decades of planning in the field of rural development, physical policy-making and paying attention to the physical development of villages with the aim of improving housing, improving the quality of infrastructure facilities, facilitating the villagers’ easy access to these facilities, preventing the migration of villagers and keeping them in the village in the form of a pilot master project aimed at eradicating poverty have been considered by planners and policy makers.

The research method is descriptive-historical and analytical. Library and field methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population includes the whole mountainous and plain villages of Western Guilan (Astara, Talesh, Rezvanshahr, and Masal counties). Excel and GIS software have been used for data analysis.

Also, 141 lowland villages with more than 20 households (55.73%) and 112 mountain villages with more than 20 Households (44.27%) from a total of 253 villages in Western Guilan have benefited from the approved master plan during the Fifth Development Plan, as well as the implementation of 171 executive plans for villages with the approved master plan (83.82%) in the plains and 33 Mountainous village (16.18%) out of a total of 204 villages in Western Guilan that have benefited from the approved master plan.

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial resilience of the villages around Lake Urmia according to the effective indicators to determine the spatial level of the villages in terms of The research is of applied type and in terms of method and descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population is the villages around Lake Urmia. In order to quantitatively analyze the data, the multi-criteria TOPSIS technique was used based on experts' weighting of indicators and criteria.rural resilience. In a separate study of each dimension of livelihood resilience, the results show that in the economic dimension (12 villages have inadequate resilience, 3 villages have moderate resilience and 3 villages have appropriate resilience). In the social dimension (2 villages moderate resilience, 8 villages good resilience and 8 villages poor resilience); in the physical-physical dimension (10 villages poor resilience, 2 villages moderate resilience and 6 villages good resilience) and in the environmental-ecological dimension (14 villages Suitable resilience, 1 village has moderate resilience and 3 villages have poor resilience). In general, in economic (3505) and physical (3945) dimensions, the level of resilience is weak, and in social (4675) and environmental dimensions (5332), Different resilience indices have had different effects on the resilience of villages around Lake Urmia and with changes in the status of these indicators at different levels, the resilience will change and we will see different resilience in the region.

The neighborhood as a "spatial" phenomenon has both explicit and implicit boundaries and as a "social group" has homogeneity in the social, economic and cultural characteristics of its inhabitants. Unlike the pre-modern era, with the advent of the modern age, the divergence between the two concepts of "neighborhood" and "local community" began and increased over time, especially in large cities. Urbanism and the mother city lifestyle have been among the factors influencing this trend This research, while emphasizing its applicability, has been done by survey technique and descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection was documentary-field. The statistical population was the residents of Shemiran No neighborhood of Madarshahr, Tehran. Qualitative and quantitative methods including one-sample t-test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the collected data. The results of experimental tests showed that the degree of adaptation of the physical territory of Shemiran No neighborhood to the characteristics of the local community has been assessed as moderate, so that the level of neighborhood identity in Shemiran No neighborhood has been moderate and high; However, this situation has not led to the formation and improvement of interactions and internal social solidarity of neighborhood residents. So that the level of social solidarity among the residents of the neighborhood has been below average. The results of multivariate regression test also showed that all most of the indicators of urbanism as an independent variable have negative relationships and effects on the components of local community.

Assessing the environmental hazards of floods as a hydro-climate event and one of the most serious natural disasters is an appropriate tool for sustainable development planning in the area of human settlements.This study was carried out in the area of Godardkhosh River which is highly flood-prone and causes major damages to Ilam habitats annually.The purpose of this study is hydrologica investigating (physiographic and hydrographic analysis of catchment area) in order to identify river characteristics and determine vulnerable flood risk zones around the main channel of the river.This study uses library data, digital elevation models, Landsat imagery, Google Earth and flood statistics in the HEC-1 hydrological model (using the Hydrology Modeling System (WMS), one of the most accurate and scientifically available). Most software has been done by hydrologists.The results show that by investigating the irregular construction of the city around the river, the risk of flooding around the Goddar River has increased and it has created about 3.19 km2 of high risk flood zones around the main canal. In addition, the 12 levels of the river cross the water level and the critical level in the event of floods, causing significant financial and toll losses. According to the maps prepared in this model, high-risk positions in the city can be accurately identified and identified and management strategies can be presented for urban planning and loss reduction.

Street view is one of the most tangible surfaces that citizens encounter in the city. The purpose of this study is to pay attention to the special features of visual quality of the landscape of the street between the first square and the second square of Sadeghieh in Tehran with emphasis on aesthetic and environmental dimensions. The present study is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection has been done through field and library studies. In the field method, the criterion was data collection through a questionnaire. The statistical population includes citizens and experts in the field of urban planning. The sample size was 384 using Cochran's formula. The variables used in this study are aesthetic, functional, perceptual and environmental.The results of data analysis showed that objective criteria such as: facade lines, proportion, facade height and subjective criteria such as contextualism, attractiveness, meaningfulness, etc. affect aesthetic perception. The relationship between the components of visual quality and the effect on the aesthetics of the urban landscape has a correlation of 0.843 and the adjustment coefficient with the number 0.854 indicates a direct relationship between the components. The independent variable in this study determines 0.854% of the changes of the dependent variable (effect on the aesthetics of the street landscape). . So that the readability index in terms of priority in the current conditions with 2.66 has the greatest impact on aesthetics

Housing has a history of several thousand years, which has always been considered by humans to deal with atmospheric factors, nature and adaptation to it, and villages are the result of reflection between natural and human factors.Rural housing has been affected by natural factors from the past to the present, our ancestors have tried to cause the least damage to the land, but today, due to the decrease in the quality of settlements, the most damage is done to the natural environment. The purpose of this study is the effect of these natural factors on rural housing and to create an interaction between these factors and housing, to create comfort for residents.importance and place of natural factors such as humidity, temperature, wind and housing is not a new issue and rural housing should not lose its importance due to its simplicity, and become a forgotten issue, today with the advancement of technology and the attention of its predecessors, the importance and impact of this We will reveal the issue and if we do not pay attention, we will witness anonymity, reduction of the quality of physical physical spaces and irreparable damage to the natural environment in rural housing. The effect of natural factors on the formation of components, comfort and stability of rural housing is the aim of this study. Indigenous housing and construction conditions have a favorable perspective on the choice of form and architecture of sustainable rural housing that will bring comfort to residents.

The present descriptive-analytical research is an applied one in terms of purpose. The villages located in the western and southwestern cities of Guilan province (7 cities) are the study areas, and the statistical population includes governors, districts managers, governorate experts, district experts, Housing Foundation experts, Agricultural Jihad experts, provincial rural affairs experts, village governors and Islamic council members. Results and discussion Intending to explain the local rural management with the help of documentary and field studies and using a questionnaire, this study shows that in the villages under study, there are two types of management; supervisory (village council) and executive (village governors) which are selected by people’s direct selection. In case the villages enjoy rural management, they are managed in the form of a zone management that consists of the amalgamation of two or more villages. In other words, the three factors proposed in this study can be used to measure the rural management model with a local approach. Therefore, it can be said that with field and documentary studies, executive management, supervisory management and area management along with the consideration of principles and indicators identified are the best types of management in the study area in proportion to the population. Using regression analysis, in the present study, it was found that executive management and supervisory management, zone management and redefining local indicators (independent variables) are the factors affecting rural local management (dependent variable).

 Gilan Radio and Television, as an influential provincial media, has been able to play a significant role in the development of the province's villages, such as creating strategic thinking among the people and managers, creating integration, preventing conflicts and destructive competition, and converging in the province. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of national media on rural development and examined the villages of Rudsar city with a descriptive-analytical method. After documentary studies and during the localization stage, 12 variables were selected. Then the required information was collected with the help of a questionnaire and rural households (382 people) and the indexing process was completed. Subject analysis using t-test shows that out of 12 indicators, the impact of national media on 8 indicators of creating social security, creating freedom of speech and thought, creating justice, the right to decide on elections, creating new products, increasing productivity, improving living standards, Economic equality are desirable and on 4 indicators: communication, creation of political groups, creation of political competition, creation of low legitimacy are low. Also, the national media in rural development of the study area has had the greatest impact on the index of right to decide on elections and the least impact on creating political competition. Finally, it is suggested that programmers pay more attention to the interests of the local community in order to eliminate the existing dissatisfaction with the national media and its shortcomings in the development path.