نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 47 (تابستان 1400)

Studies reflecting the women’s image in society has always been of interest to the different fields of science which can be considered from different aspects. Parvin E'tesami is one of the prominent poets of the constitutional era and the reign of Reza Shah, whose poems in the realm of literature have moral, social and political themes. Regarding the Adler’s personality theory in psychology, this study aimed to investigate the reflection of the inferiority complexes and compensation methods against the governing community in the poems of Parvin E’tesami. E’tesami in her poems criticized the man-centered society by describing the disillusioned emotions and feelings of women. Authors attempt to represent the procedure of transforming the feeling of inferiority to the complex and the reaction of compensation against the pressures of injustice towards women in her poems. Results revealed that disregarding her and her counterparts in the patriarchal environment has created a feeling of inferiority and the resulting complex. The poet, as a represntative of deprived and disillusioned women, highlights the role of women in the society in order to compensate the inferiority.

Brotherhood and Brotherhood is one of the long-standing varieties of Persian literature and one of the subdivisions of rich literature that the writers of the early Persian literature have been paying attention to. The theme of the Brotherhood is very broad, but it revolves around the axes of praise from friends of kindness, friendly greetings, the splendor of private characters, complaining of day and night, humor and humor. Scholars and scholars of Persian literature have not paid much attention to this literary sub genre and have done little research in this field. Chlorine, its investigation and its various species and some rhetorical techniques have been shown. The findings of this study show that the development of various communication tools in the past has not diminished the prosperity of the Brotherhood, and despite the many changes that the construction of letters and friendly dances has seen in the present century, the tradition of Brotherhood is still observed. . From a close perspective, the results of the study show that the author of this book, and in particular the Brotherhood's letters, pay particular attention to the genres, especially the derivation crimes - which are important in rhetoric - and that the genre is a high frequency point. Attention to the elements of nature, phonetics and repetition are other influential techniques of the text. Also, the Khorasani style of verbs and the use of verbs more in the style of Khorasani are of the style and linguistic features of this brotherhood.

One of the most important sections of Iran contemporary history is among the 1320 to the 1332. In this period, some kind of power vacume has been occurred in the country after Reza Shah had been collapsed from power by Mottafe qin. As the result of this situation and lacking a dictatorship power, an free political space has been formed typically called a second – hand democracy. For the first time, different parties, groups and political teams with various thoughts and procedures found this chance to introduce themselves in this period after the beginning years of constitution. The effect of this period on Iran literature has been considered in this research and the main content of prospect belonging to the most important poets of this period has been tried to be considered by designing a question about the general condition of political literature in the domain of poetry by using library collecting information and descriptive-analysis method. Ultimately, it has been concluded that because of free political space during these years and expressing hopes to improve the condition, the prospect of Iran political literature in poetry has been faced with clear differences in comparison to Reza shah’s hard period. This condition made the poetry lead to humanity, commitment, inviting to , realism and designing optimistic concepts.

The study, correction, and careful examination of the manuscript will reveal the various literary and intellectual aspects of each period. Considering the cultural and neighborhood similarities between Iran and Afghanistan, it is very important to study the manuscript of Persian poets and mystics in this area. Due to the cultural and historical similarities of the past, a country such as Afghanistan, as part of the cultural areas of Persian language and literature, is rich in valuable manuscripts. One of the poets whose works of poetry and mystic prose had an effective role in promoting Persian language and literature and mystical concepts is Saaduddin Ahmad Ansari, who lived in Kabul in the twelfth century AH. Sadruddin Ahmad Ansari's poetry book "Passion of Love" is one of the valuable and valuable manuscripts of the twelfth century that has not been independently researched. will be.valuable manuscripts of the twelfth century that has not been independently researched

The works of the past are a valuable legacy to contemporaries and future generations. Cultural and literary works, with their epistemic foundations, are the spiritual food of thought and art, and the reason is that they are a bridge between the past and the present and increase our knowledge and knowledge. The Safavid age was not without its benefit Zahir Kermani (1162 AH), whose name is not mentioned, is one of the Shiite followers of the Iranian religion. His iconic Mathnawi, which is 8743 bits in Ramallah, is one of the 12th-century unknown works, the only copy of which is in the Nastaliq line, containing 265 pages, number 9530, in the Library of Tehran.s. This edition includes poetic allegorical stories expressing mystical, moral, religious, romantic, and so on. He has been proficient in a variety of literal and spiritual industries, and with his educational poems has paved the way for ethics for a real and real life. His verses come from the verses, hadiths and lives of the Imams and the elders. It is, therefore, necessary to study carefully and deliberately in the face of today's glorious life the precious word of the exalted, so that it may be a glimpse of the life and experiences of the past over the moral, social and cultural pains which the souls of every free man It annoys.

In romance novels, the main priority is to pay attention to romantic relationships. Most of the heroes in different narrative angles commit immorality and immorality in lovemaking, which is the main reason for the failure of their love. This article analyzes this issue based on an article by Mostafa Malekian entitled "Romantic . Loving morality has nothing to do with success or failure; The lover must love as much as he does not violate the moral virtues, and in the literature of love, he must love in practice so as not to harm the success of the love process. The purpose of this study is to investigate "love ethics and literature in hidden love stories" and of the type of qualitative and thematic content analysis, and to try to adapt these stories with the factors mentioned in the basic article for the establishment of proper love communication and Let's analyze them. Since Mastur is a realist writer; The question is: to what extent is the morality and literature of a lover observed among the heroes of his stories and what effect does it have on these characters? Also, what effect does this observance or non-observance have on the narration? And in the end, we came to the conclusion that these non-observations by the lovers cause them conflict and emotional crisis, and it has an unpleasant end to the narration of the story, and on the other hand, observing the correct romantic relationships also has a positive effect on the characters.

 Considering the necessity of research in epic poems after Shahnameh and with the aim of knowing more about their various aspects, in this article the used method is library research based on description and content analysis the "element of prophecy" in the poem "Shahriarnameh" of Mokhtari's epopee. There are about twenty-seven different predictions in the Shahriarnameh system. The most important of these prophecies is the prophecy about the grudge and revenge of Bahman, Esfandiar's son from the Zal family, which has been mentioned eight times by different people in different sections. The predictions of Shahriarnameh are often based on dreams, astronomical rulings and with the help of Soroush or with miraculous tools and objects such as the Cup of Wisdom, the Mirror of Wisdom and the Golden Tablet, by wise men and ministers, especially Jamasp, astrologers, priests . The subject of dreaming and dreaming of characters, especially the protagonist, is one of the main axes in epic poems and is also reflected in Shahriarnameh. Some of the dreams of Shahriarnameh have a prophetic aspect and others are based on commands, prohibitions and advices. Dreams that have a predictive aspect in many cases untie the knot of events and hardships and free the heroes and heroines of the story from the clutches of troubles .

Archetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective patterns is the mirror, which was not the only means of seeing the face; it was associated with spirit, life, future, witchcraft and divinity. According to the book The Wonders of Creatures and Garshasb nameh, the mirror is sometimes a mediator between the earth and the sky, and sometimes the truth-tellers are aware of the secrets. Sometimes the mirror is the window of the soul, sometimes the soul is manifested in it. We know that human life and movement depend on the soul. Blood also makes life possible in the human body and, from the point of view of ancient peoples, accommodates the souls of beings. The ancient people understood the importance of this vital substance and tried in every way to prevent its destruction and consequently damage to their souls. And in various forms such as; Shadows, intellect, subconscious, solar force, reflection of the world, spirit of life, connection between earth and sky, etc. appear. A better understanding of the ancient and the subconscious leads to a better understanding of our people and a better connection with the hidden half of our being and a new window into the inside. The world of the past and literary works.