نشریه حسابداری و منافع اجتماعی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 40، بهار 1400)

Monitoring the financial solvency of insurance companies has been one of most important tasks of central insurance. By drafting regulation No.69 to protect the rights of insurers, solvency based on risk-based capital insurance companies periodically are surveyed at five levels. Depending on the location of insurance companies at a level of less than one, they are obligated to provide financial recovery plan for the next three financial years and present to central insurance. The purpose of this research is investigating the relationship between financial flexibility and free cash flows with solvency based on risk- based capital in insurance companies. Based on this, the applicability of the mentioned regulation and ability of insurance companies with financial flexibility and free cash flows in facing of unpredictable and unexpected conditions in the period between 2014 to 2018 were examined. Data collection is census using descriptive inference and comparison of means and correlation analysis were used to analyze the results of research hypotheses. The results indicate a significant and inverse (negative) relationship between financial flexibility and solvency based on risk-based capital. Also, the results indicate that there is a significant and direct (positive) relationship between free cash flows and solvency based on risk-based capital in insurance companies.

The main purpose of study is to investigate the relationship between adjustment in the measurement of free cash flow with growth opportunities and abnormal returns of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research hypotheses were tested on the basis of a statistical sample of 95 companies over a 10-year period from 2009 to 2018 using multivariate regression models. The results of the research show that, there is a significantly negative relationship between free cash flow based on full offset and partial offset with growth opportunities. Also, there was significantly positive relationship between no-offset free cash flow and growth opportunities. Finally, there is a significantly negative relationship between the free cash flow of full offset, partial offset, and no offset with abnormal returns. Overall, the results showed that unadjusted free cash flow is a measure that will provide better information for investors, managers, creditors and other shareholders with unbiased and more accurate value estimates for the company and its planned projects.

Tax Avoidance Management solutions to reduce taxes paid are called tax avoidance. This variable can lead to obscure information space and consequently accumulate bad news and information appearance and thus increase company stock returns.  In turn stock returns lead to Non-disclosure of information by management due to the pleasant stability of returns and as a result provide space for opportunistic tax avoidance behaviors. Based on this, the explanation of the interrelationships between these behaviors and how these two assessments are related is important. In this study, the relationship between tax avoidance and stock returns has been investigated. For this purpose, sample included 104 companies during 2014 to 2018 was selected and was examined using the Simultaneous Equation (3SLS). In this study, the difference between accounting profit and taxable profit is used to measure tax avoidance, adjusted annual return was used to measure stock returns. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between tax avoidance and stock return. These findings can be useful for tax policy makers as well as business managers in explaining the relationship between tax avoidance and stock returns.

The corporate governance determines relations among executive managers, stockholders, board of director and others that consider four main goals between executive managers and board of director and against stockholders and other stakeholders included accountability, transparency, justice and neutrality and responsibility. We divide companies in two categories: strong corporate governance companies and weak corporate governance companies to analyze the effect of operating cash flows on leverage structure dynamics. The main objective of present study is to investigate the linear relationship between corporate governance, operating cash flows and dynamic capital structure. The statistical sample includes 94 companies during the period from 2010 to 2017 based on filtering and systematic omission process, and we analyze the relationship between variables by generalized least square and panel data method. The result shows that there is a significantly positive relationship between operating cash flows and dynamic capital structure. Moreover, the results show that there is a significantly positive relationship between operating cash flows and dynamic capital structurein companies with strong corporate governance and dynamic capital structure.

The aim of this study was to explaining the role of profit quality upgrader features in increasing the stock price informativeness based on evidence of stock return synchronicity model. Earnings quality is a multifaceted concept and there are several criteria for measuring it, so in order to better examine the different dimensions of earnings quality and higher reliability of results, several indicators have been used such as earnings sustainability, income smoothing, earning transparency and conservatism as earnings quality criteria. In general, using an sample, included 103 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2018, the results showed that income smoothing, conservatism and lack of earning transparency have a significant effect on increasing the stock price informativeness (decreasing stock return Synchronicity), so that with increasing conservatism and income smoothing have added to stock price informativeness and with increasing non-transparency of earning in financial reporting has been decreased.  Also, earnings sustainability has not a significant effect on stock return synchronicity. These results confirm that higher quality accounting information measured in this study based on earnings quality, reduces the risk and cost of accessing information and leads to an increase in the stock price informativeness which has been shown in the present study with a low synchronicity of stock returns, as a result, the information content of the stock price is increased, which is shown in this paper with a concurrent low stock return synchronicity.

Double entry rules in financial accounting are often taught in an abstract manner in the courses. Emphasis is frequently placed on memorizing the rules and many students have very little practical experience with these cases. Many students believe that memorizing accounting rules without being able to link them to the real world is boring, hard and abstract. There are competing views on whether or not such technical skills should be taught to students within the accounting curricula. Lecturers often believe that understanding the double-entry effects of transactions is difficult for students. Presenting accounting principles to students effectively is an ongoing challenge in accounting education. Therefore, the present paper attempts to explain how to use the famous Monopoly game in the accounting principles course to facilitate the learning of double entry accounting concepts in a fun and entertaining environment. A sense of practical reality is achieved as students continually balance their books during the game, receive or pay out money, and even go to jail.