نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 83 (بهار 1400)

The strategic level of the administration of the army, which is one of the management levels of one of the organs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, can be complied based on the common and accepted scientific principles and standards of the contemporary world from the discourse of Velayat-e-Faqih (Imam Khomeini) and Hazrat Imam Khamenei "Modzaleh-Al-Aali". Since the Islamic Republic of Iran is a system that has emerged and continued to exist based on the standards of the religion of Islam and the discourse of Velayat-e-Faqih, it is possible to compile and classify the discourse of Velayat-e-Faqih in the form of different strategic levels of its management to manage the affairs of each of the executive organs of the Islamic Republic of Iran and to provide a basis for the study and study of thinkers. In this research, various qualitative research methods such as content analysis, discourse analysis and basic theory have been used to achieve the results. The statistical population of the present study is about 150 strategic commanders and managers who have been appointed to strategic jobs during the last 40 years. Based on the research findings, preservation of religious principles and values, defense of independence, security of borders, preservation of the system and revolution, promotion of readiness and strengthening of defense with emphasis on self-reliance, main and popular goals, schooling and spirituality, innovation and self-confidence, Cognition and insight along with the Islamic lifestyle, the basis of doctrine and promotion of education, priority of work, effort and perseverance, transformation and synergy, central justice and revolutionary and jihadi management with anti-oppression and anti-arrogance along with relations with friendly and neighboring countries constitute the policies of the Department of Military Affairs of the Republic of Iran. Moreover, the six dimensions along with their components that are used in the implementation of policies and strategies to achieve the goals are fully mentioned in the conclusion section.

The defense readiness curriculum in the public education system is one of the main platforms for transferring basic and general defense knowledge and skills (active and passive) to the next generation of the country. At present, the quality and quantity of the main elements of the defense readiness curriculum do not meet the defense needs of the country in the field of hard and soft war, and despite the appropriate legal framework, the relevant training does not have a proper place in public education programs. This article is a research report on the activities of the Holy Defense Research Institute and partner organizations in 1397 and 1398. The purpose of research is evaluation and pathology of "defense readiness curriculum" and "teacher training and educational mechanisms" and finally to provide strategic suggestions to achieve the real position of the defense readiness curriculum. The type of research is applied and its data and information have been collected by library and field methods. For this purpose; First, the legal status of the defense readiness course is stated. Then, the main elements of the curriculum are described. After that, the current status of the defense readiness curriculum is described and analyzed based on the field study, and its disadvantages and weaknesses are counted. In the next step, the actions of the research institute in coordination with other competent authorities in relation to the defense readiness curriculum are stated. Finally, strategic proposals are presented to establish the real position of the defense readiness lesson.

The strategic management model usually includes the dimensions of planning, implementation, execution, guidance and supervision, and so on. The purpose of this study is to achieve the strategic management model of NAJA passive defense in terms of implementation and execution against threats against public security and to identify the components of implementation and implementation of NAJA passive defense against threats to public security. In this article, the quasi-model means the strategic management model in two dimensions of implementation and execution. The main issue of this research is the lack of a codified model of strategic management of NAJA passive defense in the face of threats against the public security of the country, what and how the dimensions of implementation and enforcement that make the public security of the country safe by the NAJA. - The development and approach of this research is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative and a descriptive survey has been conducted. In order to collect information and prepare a questionnaire through purposive sampling method, 16 people were selected as research experts by snowball method and to accurately measure the components of these factors through a questionnaire with one-way t-test, the weight of each component was obtained in a sample of 120 Numerous people were designed and surveyed. Findings The strategic management model of NAJA passive defense in two dimensions, implementation and enforcement to protect the public security environment in the face of threats in the political, economic, cultural, socio-social, security and technological dimensions.

Performance appraisal in any organization is considered as the heart of the organization because its output can have a significant impact on the organization's employee retention system. The purpose of this study is to provide performance evaluation indicators for employees of military organizations. The type of research is based on applied and developmental goals. The research method used in this research is a combination of exploratory type. The content of this research in the qualitative stage is the data obtained from the research literature and interviews. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage includes scientific experts, experts, senior managers, middle managers and experts and in the quantitative stage includes the staff of military organizations based in Tehran. The sample size was 15 people in the qualitative stage and 203 people in the low stage. The sample members were selected in qualitative stage through purposive sampling and in quantitative stage by proportional stratified sampling method. The research data collection tools were in-depth interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire, including 117 items and an open-ended question with a reliability of 0.98. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. Findings from qualitative data analysis were confirmed by interviewees using Delphi method. Data analysis of the questionnaire was performed using descriptive statistics (mean, variance, standard deviation) and inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis, exploratory factor analysis. Findings showed that the performance evaluation indicators of Iranian military personnel were 72 indicators.

The Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces stressed, in the statement of the second phase of the Revolution, the need to erupt the fountain of science and cross the current frontiers of knowledge. Achievement of this important goal in the field of defense requires a model that explains the components affecting defense knowledge management and their relationship, with a systemic approach. Therefore, the questions of the current research were formulated in a form to make the aims of the research possible. The conceptual model made within the theoretical framework was designed based on library studies and the ideas of the scholars. The questionnaire was produced relying on the components of the model and it was distributed through a snowball process. The final model of the research was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling. The values of the Factor Loading of the selected variables (6 microsystems, 21 mega-dimensions and 57 principal components) indicate the desirability of the components and the resulting path coefficients confirm the relationship between them. Finally, some suggestions have been made for IRI Armed Services based on the results of the research.

Fourth-generation wars operate with high mobility, pivotal impact, and high speed combined with surprises in concert with political, economic, and social operations. Intelligent and threatened societies, based on a rigorous defense theoretical foundations, must know the causes and characteristics of this type of war in order to be able to respond to the various scenes of future wars. Therefore, determining the factors and characteristics of the fourth generation of wars affecting the future war scene, the purpose of this research was selected, which corresponded to the research question. The research method with a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach is of applied research type. Overlap of literature and opinions of experts using Delphi technique (with a statistical population of 20) Findings were counted and analyzed. The results of the research indicate that the most important factors influencing the fourth generation of wars on the scene of the future war are;  The environment of wars of the fourth generation, the doctrine governing the fourth generation of wars, physical and non-physical factors of combat capability, the method of fighting in the fourth generation of wars (combination of conventional and unconventional), external factors of the military organization (external environment to the national environment and Transnationally divided) and technologies. In accordance with these factors, the characteristics of each were identified.  In expert meetings, the sum of the factors and characteristics of the fourth generation of wars affecting the scenes of the future war has been named.

The new approach in recent wars, the difference in the ability of countries in terms of technology and the use of weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the enemy, has led to unbalanced wars, this approach has changed the structure of future wars and changed their nature.  On the other hand, the existing literature in the field of strategy and defense has a lot of emphasis on the concept of unequal war. This attention has described the new security and defense conditions governing the relations between countries. Lack of proper understanding of the characteristics of unequal war will not allow achieving political goals with military and operational means. Proper understanding of the characteristics of unequal war for countries in war can threaten them as a serious player, the forces of a strong country. Lack of proper understanding of the characteristics of unequal war will not allow achieving political goals with military and operational means. Proper understanding of the characteristics of unequal war for countries in war can threaten them as a serious player, the forces of a strong country. And impose deterrence and defeat on a strong competitor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to "explain the characteristics of unequal war in the Islamic Republic of Iran." The type of research is applied-developmental, the spatial scope of the research is at the level of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the research method is descriptive-analytical with a mixed approach. Has been, Then, a questionnaire was used to explain the characteristics of unequal warfare in which the construct validity and content of the pre-presentation questionnaire were calculated to the sample size and a questionnaire was presented to 40 experts selected by the numerical method. Then, using Friedman test and expert meetings, 29 characteristics of unequal war in the Islamic Republic of Iran were explained, the most important of which are information warfare, electronic warfare in all dimensions, accuracy, intelligence and high weapons power.

After the formation of a federal government in Iraq, the power and influence of the Kurds increased inside Iraq and the Kurds with the support of some countries, including the Zionist regime (Israel) as well as the emergence of critical conditions in Iraq, especially after ISIL entrance in that country, they sought to achieve their long-term wish to form an independent Kurdish state, and to do they held an independence referendam in last years mehr 3rd which was a failure Iraqi kurdi region. They faced barriers, including lack of military and economic infrastructure, opposition from neighboring countries and the central government of Iraq which prevented Kurdistan from reaching its full independence. With this explanation, an examination of the current obstacles in the full independence of the Kurdistan Region is considered as the main purpose of this paper. This research is an applied research and to do this, an explanatory-analytical method and a deep dialogue with experts have been used. Such a way that at first, information was gathered through resources, documents, questionnaires and in-depth interviews and then analyzed in an interpretive way. In summing up, it was found that internal factors such as the geopolitical constraint and geographical location, the constitution of Iraq, the opposition of the Shiites and Sunnis, the lack of economic and military infrastructure and external factors such as US opposition and the opposition of neighboring Kurdish minority countries (Iran, Turkey And Syria) are among the factors preventing the full independence of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.