فصلنامه اندازه گیری تربیتی
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1399)

The aim of this study is to identify and weigh the performance evaluation indicators of high school principals in Tehran with a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach(MCDM). Improving the quality of education and achieving its goals and policies is achieved when there is an effective evaluation system with appropriate indicators. Since in real-life situations, experts 'judgments can not be expressed and interpreted as definite quantitative numbers, and data as well as definite numbers are insufficient to model real-world systems due to the uncertainty in decision makers' judgment, so this study relies on Fuzzy theory was performed. Research in handis applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population, drawn by using the Available Sampling method,, consists of 20 experts including 10 university professors and 10 senior managers of different education zones of Tehran. Both library and field methods were used to collect data. The research process regarding of weighting and ranking of indicators was performed by designing three questionnaires in 5 stages including fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy TOPSIS, best-worst, dimethyl and network analysis method.The results showed that using the fuzzy MCDM approach, the performance evaluation indicators of managers that were previously identified were ranked in relation to communication skills, personality traits, managerial skills, professional abilities and skills and decision making skills, respectively. The result is that the use of fuzzy multi-criteria methods provides more realistic results than quantitative or qualitative methods in empirical situations and is more feasible.

This study has been done to design and validate the performance evaluation tool of the presidents of universities in Afghanistan. To perform this study, the mixed method with explorative plan- tool development model- is used. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part, included the senior managers of of Kabul public universities and authorities of higher education of Afghanistan, is made of 42 people; A sample of 10 people was selected through a targeted sampling method. Also, in the quantitative part, the statistical population is made of 1457 people including the professors of Kabul public universities in which 304 people were selected random stratified sampling. In order to collect data, semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaire was used in a quantitative part. For analyzing the data, the thematic analysis was used in the qualitative part and confirmatory factor analysis method with AMOS software was used in a quantitative part. The results of analysis in the qualitative and quantitative sections showed that the developed instrument for evaluating the performance of the universitiy presidents in Afghanistan consists of 16 components with 56 indicators. in addition, goodness of fit indices such as, (CMIN/DF) equal to 1.57, (RMSEA) equal to 0.048, (RMR) equal to 0.08, (CFI) equal to 0.94, (IFI) equal to 0.92, shows that the designed tools tool in the qualitative section of has a very favorable fitness.The tools designed in this study will provide a tool for evaluating the performance and determining the status of university management in Afghanistan, which can be used to assess and even identify the needs of university presidents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the revised scale of manifest anxiety in children-the second edition in the students' studies. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of sales. The statistical population of the study included all students studying between the ages of 15 and 17 in Ardabil city. According to the Cochran's formula, the optimal sample for this study was 290 people. Therefore, 300 people were selected as the sample. First, the English form was translated into Persian, then the translation was reversed, and in the first run, the ambiguous questions were removed, and finally the final scale was implemented. After collecting the data, confirmatory factor analysis method, Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's retesting and alpha correlation method were used for analysis. The reliability coefficient of the scale was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of 0.87. Also, the results of Pearson correlation coefficients of the apparent anxiety variable with the four factors and the use of confirmatory factor analysis method confirmed the validity of the structure and all fitness indicators were in a favorable situation above 0.90. The results of this study, along with other foreign studies, indicate the optimal psychometric characteristics of this tool, so that this tool can be used in anxiety screening in schools and clinical trials.

Gambling disorder (GD) is an addictive disorder that is not considered as much as other addictive disorders, and therefore psychometric instruments to diagnosis and treat of GD are limited. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the metacognition about gambling questionnaire (MGQ) among university students. The participants in this study were 99 (58 females and 41 males) undergraduate and postgraduate students who were they selected via snowball sampling. Participants completed an online Persian format of the MGQ and the GD checklist. The results have indicated that this questionnaire has good psychometric properties. The reliability of this questionnaire with internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha was 0.85, and the split-half was 0.84; the composite reliability for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales were 0.86 and 0.84, respectively. The validity of this questionnaire was as a criterion validity with the GD checklist for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales of 0.58 and 0.72, respectively. The construct validity was 0.95, and the discriminant validity was in the range of 0.72 to 0.93; in addition, the convergent validity for positive and negative metacognitive sub-scales, respectively, were 0.56 and 0.52, respectively; and finally the unidimensionality of markers was confirmed. Finally, the 10-question form was confirmed by the two-component model of the questionnaire with a prediction power of 0.95. Based on these findings, the MGQ is a standard instrument that can be used in research and practice by clinical psychologists and researchers involved in gambling disorder.

The aim of this study concerned with validating the fifth version of Wechsler Children’s Intelligence Test on Iranian children aged between 6 and 16 years old. According to the statistics of students studying in elementary school and junior high school, 1200 people were selected as a multi-stage cluster research model. Wechsler Children’s Intelligence Test 5th edition and Wechsler Children’s Intelligence Test 4th edition, were the measuring instruments. The reliability of subtests, intelligence quotient and indexes were performed using three following methods bisection, Cronbach’s alpha, and retesting. To calculate and analyze the test validity, the criterion method was simultaneously performed on 240 people with the correlation of indexes and Wechsler 5 intelligence with Wechsler IV; and structural validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze and operation of all subtests, the difficulty coefficient and discriminative coefficient were calculated. The results of the findings of the all three methods used for reliability showed that this test is highly validated in Iran, and the results were consistent with the results of the same test compare in the United States. The difficulty and discriminative coefficient of the questions were appropriate in Iran. Due to the up-to-date and high psychometric properties of this test in Iran and obsolescence of previous versions, it is recommended to use this test to evaluate children aged between 6 and 16 years old in Iran. Keywords: Intelligence, Reliability, Validity, Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children 5th edition and Iranian Elementary and Junior High School Students 6 to 16 years old.

Due to the importance of identifying changes in students' mental health and the need for screening using accurate and valid tools appropriate to the ecological characteristics of Iranian society, the researchers decided to develop a short-scale electronic version of psychological health problems - teacher form for junior high school students. The statistical population of this study consists of junior high school students in 31 provinces of the country. In each province, two cities were selected by purposive sampling method and in each city, two schools were selected by simple random method and all junior high school students entered the sample group The sample consisted of 11,484 students (6,403 girls and 5,081 boys). Item analysis indicated appropriate psychometric properties for most items. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the eight-component model with forty items based on experts' views shows the best fit with the data. The standard path coefficients of the items were obtained between 0.34 and 0.87, which indicates the appropriate divergent validity and also the average variance extracted (between 0.46 and 0.73) of the items also indicates their convergent validity. The validity of the subscales was also optimally obtained based on the combined validity coefficient (between 0.83 and 0.93) and Cronbach's alpha (between 0.80 and 0.93). In other words, the short scale has the necessary internal coherence. The correlation between the components and with the total score was in the acceptable range. Comparing the factor structure of the girl and boy groups indicates a suitable and equivalent fit for both groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that psychometric properties indicate the appropriateness of the short form of the Mental Health Questionnaire for use in the screening process in the first grade high school students in Iran.

This study investigates the psychometric properties of the psychological playfulness questionnaire.

This research is a practical and descriptive-correlative study. Population statistical was consisted of 3990 of high school students in 2017-‎‎2018 in the poldokhtar city. 350 ‎students selected by multi-level sampling method. Shen, Chick and Zinn (2014) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used. Pearson correlation coefficient, Bartlett test, KMO, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis.

Reliability of psychological playfulness test based on the Cronbach's alpha was 0.93. Convergent validity (correlation between playfulness and happiness scale) was 42/0, which was significant at 0/001. Exploratory factor analysis showed beliefs dimension was unreliable. So this dimension was removed from questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis showed questions of other dimensions have proper validity. Also, Fitness indices were confirmed.

Psychological playfulness questionnaire by measuring of four dimensions (initiation, reactivity uninhibitedness; spontaneity) is proper tool for evaluation psychological playfulness.

اLove addiction is a type of behavioral addiction that has recently attracted the attention of many researchers in psychology and psychiatry.This phenomenon causes suffering, distress, mal-adaptiveness and risks for the affected person and others. The purpose of the present study was to use network analysis as one of the psychometric approaches and to apply it in the study of network structure of love addiction symptoms.Network analysis is a powerful way to analyze the relationships among network elements (questionnaire items).The method of this study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of all Iranian females and males with at least one experience of falling in love. A total of 148 questions were formulated using an 8point Likert scale and two questions were omitted form the questionnaire during the question analysis. Data were collected by electronically administering a researcher made questionnaire on 1149 individuals and analyzed in two distinct stages using MIRT software package in R software. Graphical representation based on the data collected through network analysis (graph theory)and Fruchterman and Reingold algorithm was performed using graphs, boothnet software packages in Rsoftware. The results of the network analysis showed that the items of the questionnaire, each of which indicating a symptom of love addiction based on studies in this area, were placed in a coherent network.The most important symptoms in the love addiction network were reported to be obsessiveness,fantasy,impulsivity, physical and emotional dependence, as well as high emotion seeking, while the least important symptoms were suicidal tendencies, extreme selfsacrifice and sexual attractions.