Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Nurses need to have considerable knowledge of and great competence in carefully assessing and correctly diagnosing patients’ eye problems. There was little known about nurses’ eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate intensive care nurses’ clinical competence in eye care.

Methods & Materials:

 In the cross-sectional descriptive study, ten hospitals selected by cluster sampling of 4 city located in Iran in 2015. Four hundred thirty two intensive care nurses were recruited by convenience sampling. The Eye Care Competence Inventory was employed for evaluating nurses’ eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice. The possible total score of each domain of the inventory ranged from 0 to 100. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.

The means of participating nurses’ eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice were 43.3(SD=14.86), 84.56(SD=11.61), and 73.11(SD=17.17), respectively. Nurses who had eye care guidelines in their ward acquired significantly higher eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice scores than the nurses who did not have such guidelines in their ward (p<0.05).

The result showed that nurseschr knowledge in eye care of ICU patients was moderate and their attitude and practice were good. Accordingly, developing and implementing continuing education programs for promoting their eye care knowledge, attitude, and practice is strongly recommended.

Eating disorders are making a point of challenge for health-related researches. Using big data for this type of researches can effectively help researchers use a beneficial resource of information worldwide in real-time. This study aimed to introduce a more accurate method for analyzing food-related data and making relations between peoplechr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s opinions and the prevention treatments (for eating disorders), which can be applied to any country.

In this data mining study, more than 2 million eating-related tweets were collected from Twitter and analyzed by novel methods for big data research on eating disorders and other present Twitter analysis methods.

Many factors such as age, location, gender, and their combination were discussed as effective factors in eating disorders. Eleven countries were selected to discuss the rate of eating disorders and location-related prevention methods.

Some factors such as location and age are effective indicators. Some combinations of factors are also considered influencing indicators when applied together, such as gender+age, gender+location, and gender+age+location.

With the new COVID-19, a global effort has been made to control and prevent the spread of the disease. Self-care behavior is known to be an effective way to prevent COVID 19. Physical distancing, hand washing are important examples of self-care actions. This study aimed to model and determine the predictors of self-care behavior about the new COVID-19.

Cross-sectional correlational design was used for this study. This study was performed on 1083 people in Kerman Province, Iran, using the available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the main constructs of the Health Belief Model and constructs derived from the review of the literature. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 and AMOS 18 software.

The mean age of the participants was 32.36±9.34, with an age range of 10 to 65 years. The model explained 72% of the variance in self-care behaviors. The SEM showed that self-efficacy (β=0.685; SE=0.097; p=0.001), perceived severity (β=0.419; SE=0.064; p=0.001), perceived benefits (β=0.288; SE=0.061; p=0.001), health importance (β=0.19; SE=0.063; p=0.001) and knowledge (β=0.248; SE=0.025; p=0.001) were positively and significantly related and perceived barriers (β=0.199, SE=0.046, p=0.001) was negatively and significantly related to self-care behaviors.

Constructs of self-efficacy, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, health importance, and knowledge are the main predictors of self-care and preventive behaviors associated with the novel coronavirus. Therefore, this model can promote self-care programs and predict the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.

With the flare-up of unused crown disease, a worldwide exertion has been made to control and avoid the spread of the disease. Self-care behavior is known to be a successful way to anticipate COVID 19 disease. Physical separating, hand washing are critical illustrations of self-care activities. The point of this was to model and determine the indicators of self-care behavior in connection to the unused corona disease.

Pregnancy and the period after it are associated with psychological and physiological changes that sometimes lead to mental disorders and affective aspects of a personchr('39')s life and relationships with others. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being and resilience with health anxiety with the mediating role of self-compassion in pregnant women.

The present descriptive study was conducted in 2020 on 371 pregnant women referred to health centers in Hamadan, Iran. They were selected by cluster randomization method from different areas of Hamadan. Several questionnaires were used to collect data: Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Self-Compassion, Health anxiety inventory, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and LISREL 10.2 software by descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation.

The results of path analysis showed that spiritual well-being (β=-0.36), resilience (β=0.28), and self-compassion (β=-0.55) have a significant relationship with health anxiety (p<0.01).

The self-compassion directly and indirectly reduces health anxiety in pregnant women.

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection that can induce severe complications, hospitalization, and even death among older adults. Seasonal influenza vaccination has been proposed for its prevention. This study aimed to determine the related factors of influenza vaccination among Iranian older adults based on the health belief model.

In this cross-sectional study, 206 participants 65 and older were selected from Yazd city, Iran, in 2019. A random cluster sampling was used. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model constructs. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression.

Only 24.3% of the participants had got a seasonal influenza vaccine over the past year, and 58.3% had received at least one dose of seasonal influenza vaccine from the age of 65. Knowledge (OR=1.27; CI=1.03-1.55), perceived susceptibility (OR=1.18; CI=1.04-1.33), and cues to action (OR=1.52; CI=1.16-1.98) were statistically significant predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination.

The cues to action stood as the strongest predictor of seasonal influenza vaccination, which should be addressed in health promotion intervention programs in the elderly.

Nowadays, the importance of morning reports for discussing clinical cases and making the best-informed decision for a therapeutic process is undeniable. Therefore, this study aimed to improve clinical morning reportschr('39') information adequacy by developing a structured reporting model.

This qualitative research was conducted in three phases at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of three educational hospitals in northeastern Iran in 2018. After investigating the current status of MR sessions, the content of 120 reports was included and extracted. The items were assigned subject groups for primary structuring while their validation was getting confirmation using a two-round Delphi technique involving ten specialists. Then, the structured model of clinical MRs was developed in two formats: structured paper-based form and structured electronic format. The final evaluation was conducted comparing three practices of structured paper-based, structured electronic format, and conventional formats. Excel 2010 software was used for the analysis of the results.

All studied MR samples were found unstructured in content. From 120 collected samples, 58 items were extracted and categorized into four categories. During the first Delphi round, all existing information was preserved with varying weights. Nevertheless, the participating experts also suggested six additional items to be included. In the second round, 11 items with the lowest scores were removed. Results of the comparative evaluation showed that the SPF format scored highest on the preference of use, ease of archiving and retrieval, application in future research, and ease of reporting. The SEF format scored highest on the clear understanding of patient status and readability.

Using a standardized structured morning report based on the preference of local experts improves the quality of morning reports in various matters, including efficiency, adequacy, and ease.

This protocol aims to design and evaluate an educational program to promote weight management among preschoolers.

This study has a sequential mixed-methods approach in two phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the first phase, epidemiological, educational, and ecological factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model influencing weight management promotion among Tehranian preschoolers will be explored. Seventeen preschoolerschr('39') parents and two preschool principals were interviewed by the researcher in the preschool setting. After data analysis through directed content analysis, a one-group pre and post pilot study will be performed in phase two. Fifteen mother-children dyads will be enrolled, and mothers will be asked to complete four questionnaires and measure childrenchr('39')s weight and height. Then an educational program will be designed to promote weight management among preschoolers based on the results of the qualitative phase and a pre-test stage. Post-test will be performed immediately and three months after the intervention.

In phase one, we expect facilities and barriers of preschoolerschr('39') weight management to be identified based on social-cultural conditions and the structures of the model. According to the qualitative study results, an educational program will be developed and evaluated in phase two, and it is anticipated that the educational program will positively influence childrenchr('39')s weight management.

In the various communities, cultural and social differences have a critical effect on obesity in preschoolers; therefore, examining these factors can help understand individualschr('39') views and interventional design programs to solve this problem.

The world hospital systems are presently facing many unprecedented challenges from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Prediction the deteriorating or critical cases can help triage patients and assist in effective medical resource allocation.

To develop and validate Machine Learning (ML) models based clinical characteristics at hospital admission to assessment the future critical condition that needs Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospitalization.

Using a single-center registry, we studied the records of 1225 confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients from Mostafa Khomeini hospital, focal point center for COVID-19 care and treatment in Ilam city, West of Iran. We applied 13 ML techniques from six different groups to predict ICU admission. To evaluate the performances of models the metrics derived from the confusion matrix were calculated.    

In this retrospective study, the median age was 50.9 years and 664 (54.20%) were male. The experimental results indicate that Meta algorithms have the best performance in ICU admission risk prediction with accuracy of 90.37%, sensitivity of 90.35%, precision of 88.25% , F-measure of 88.35% and ROC of 91%.

ML algorithms are useful predictive tools for real-time and accurate ICU risk prediction in patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission. This model enables, and potentially facilitates more responsive health systems that are beneficial to high risk COVID-19 patients.

Given the importance of the lifestyle modification on hypertension control, the present study aimed to investigate effect of lifestyle training intervention on blood pressure and body mass index in patients with hypertension in Darab, Iran.

The present randomized controlled intervention study was conducted on 80 middle-aged women with hypertension referred to health houses of Darab in 2018. The cluster sampling was performed; and participants were assigned to experimental and control groups by a simple random method (40 participants in each of the experimental and control groups). The data about participants’ life style, BMI and blood pressure were measured before and two months after the intervention and were analyzed by SPSS 20 using the paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square test.

No significant differences between experimental and control groups before the intervention in terms of health promoting components (P> 0.05), Systolic (P= 0.73), and Diastolic blood pressure (P= 0.22) and BMI (P= 0.43) were seen before the intervention. while there were statistically significant differences between two groups after intervention in terms of health promoting components, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05). No significant difference was seen in terms of body mass index (P= 0.52(.

Findings of the present study indicated that life style modification is effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in short term independent of its impact on BMI.

Health care providers are considered as the pioneer forces of health system, thus their health promotion through establishing correct nutrition behaviors, especially dairy consumption by using the most efficient models like Health Belief Model (HBM) has been paid attention. This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the determinants of dairy use status and effective factors on consumption behaviors on the basis of HBF among health care providers of health centers n Urmia, Iran.

Throughout this descriptive-analytical study, 303 health care providers working in the health centers of Urmia, were included in the study by the counting sampling method, on the basis of inclusion criteria of the study. The instruments of data collection were researcher-made reliable and validated questionnaires in three groups of: personal profile, consumption status of different types of dairy, and (HBM). Data were collected by using the structured interviews, then ultimately analysed  as well as the descriptive analytical tests.
 Among the structures of  (HBM), the dimension of self-efficiency showed significant relationship with the score of the dairy consumption behavior .  there was a meaningful significant relationship between the mean score of dairy consumption behavior with the occupational status, marital status, and ethnicity the structures of HBM indicated 20% of the variance of the dairy consumption behavior. The predicting power of perceived self-efficiency was more than other structures of the model.

The role of self-efficacy is effective in promoting dairy consumption behavior.HBM for educational interventions by officials and policy makers  would be helpful.

Female orgasm depends on many factors and is the most enjoyable phase of the sexual response cycle. A valid, reliable, and special scale is required to assess this phase. This study aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Female Orgasm Scale.

Initially, using the Forward-Backward method, the questionnaire was translated from English into Persian. After that, a cross-sectional study was carried out, and the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the questionnaire were tested. Of the 235 married and sexually active women of reproductive age, 200 individuals completed the questionnaire. Reliability was calculated by repeatability and internal consistency methods, and validity was calculated by face, content, and construct validity.

The mean age of the participants was 31.35±7.13 years. Reliability evaluation revealed high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.7, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99. The standard error of the mean was 0.7. The mean content validity index and content validity ratio scores were 0.84 and 0.97, respectively. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a three-factor solution for the questionnaire accounting for 74.44% of the variance.

The findings suggest that the Iranian version of the Female Orgasm Scale has good psychometric properties and can be used to assess female orgasm in sexual and reproductive healthcare settings.

In early 2020, five months after the training program, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. All activities were stopped and to reduce the impact of the spread of the COVID-19 viruses. At the same time, polytechnics of PNP enforce online learning. This study aims to explore the instructorchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s understanding of the ineffectiveness of the application of online learning suddenly during the COVID-19 pandemics. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological design. This research was conducted in the context of Instructors in the Department of Accounting, Padang State Polytechnic. The results of the study found that instructors understand that the quality of the online learning system in achieving learning objectives is not as good as in offline learning systems. Some obstacles hinder the effectiveness of implementing online learning, namely cultural aspects and emotional aspects. Cultural and emotional barriers also lead to discounts between instructors and students, leading to a decline in the quality of online learning.

Training has an important role in improving quality of life. The current study aims comparing the effect of peer and family-based training on the quality of life of rural diabetic elderly.

In  this quasi-experimental study which conducted in 2020, 30 elderly people referring to Shahid Abad village health center in Babol , northern Iran, were randomly assigned to peer group (N=15)  and family-based training group(N=15). The intervention in both groups consisted of 6 sessions of 30 to 60 minutes for 6 weeks. Quality of life was assessed using the LEIPAD QOL questionnaire before, immediately and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0. , Fisher test, Independent t-test, Paired t-test and MANCOVA.

Before intervention,   the mean of quality of life in the peer group was 61.35 ±16.49 and the family-based training group was 53.18 ± 6.98 and there was no significantly difference (P = 0.147). According to paired t-test, changes in quality of life score in family-based training group was significant in two time periods (before intervention to two months after intervention (P = 0.048)), immediately after intervention to two months after intervention (P =0.036), but was not significant in the peer training group.

: Family-based training was effective on quality of life of rural diabetic elderly, in two time periods. Further studies are recommended.

Dermatoglyphics is the study of skin patterns on hands and feet. It has been shown in some studies that specific finger patterns could be a risk factor for breast cancer. There are several studies using data mining methods to evaluate the risk of breast cancer, while there is no or little study that evaluates finger patterns with data mining for breast cancer risk prediction. Thus, this study aims to evaluate fingerprint patterns along with other easy-to-obtain features in the risk of breast cancer.

A dataset containing 462 records includes female patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran was obtained. The factorschrweight was determined by the Information Gain index. Predictive models were built once without fingerprint features and once with fingerprint features using Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Learning classifiers.

The most important factor determining breast cancer were age, having a child, menopause situation, and menopause age. The best performance belongs to the RF model with accuracy and AUC of 84.43% and 0.923, respectively. The fingerprint patterns feature increased the RF accuracy from 79.44% to 84.43%.

An early breast cancer screening model could be built with the use of data mining methods. The fingerprint patterns could increase the performance of these models. The Random Forest model could be used. The results of such models could be used in designing apps for self-screening breast cancer.

Nurses are a key component of treatment team in times of crisis, and are currently at the front line of fight against Covid-19 pandemic. Since, understanding the experiences of nurses can help to identify the relevant problems, this study aimed to explain the experiences of nurses in coronavirus crisis by content analysis approach.

This is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. Purposeful sampling was performed in 2020 to select 10 nurses working in the covid wards of Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. The data analysis process was performed according to the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman 2004. Trustworthiness of the data were checked by Lincoin and Guba criteria and the research ethical standards were observed.

In this study, 2 main themes of nurses and families under the shadow of coronavirus and dual reaction of nurses to coronavirus crisis, as well as 6 categories (Nurse’s family challenges, Joy and worries of nurses, Nurses and endurance of harms, Nurses and conflicting views about the profession) and 10 subcategories were extracted.

The results of this study indicate the individual, family and occupational effects of the corona crisis on nurses, which can affect their care performance in addition to individual life. Therefore, taking comprehensive measures by the authorities to solve the problems facing these valuable workers is recommended because appropriate policies in this regard and their implementation is vital.

We aimed at investigating the association between health beliefs and exercise behavior in infertile women who were at risk of developing osteoporosis.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj city, west of Iran in 2018. From 35 comprehensive healthcare centers, 483 infertile women were included in the study through convenience sampling. Standardized face-to-face interviews were conducted using established, reliable instruments for the assessment of exercise behavior behavior and health beliefs. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between exercise behavior and health beliefs. Estimates were adjusted for age, job status, income, literacy, and duration and type of infertility. We reported estimated logits and Odds Ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Employed women compared to housewives had substantially higher odds of adopting exercise behavior behaviors (OR=3.19, 95% CI=1.53-6.66, p<0.01). Moreover, the odds of exercise behavior adoption increased with self-efficacy (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.20-1.52, p<0.01), and decreased with perceived barriers (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.84-0.97, p<0.01).

It is essential to increase perceived self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers to promote EB in infertile women. Consequently, health professionals should develop or adopt appropriate strategies to decrease barriers and increase self-efficacy to enhance exercise behavior in this group of women.

 The objective of this study was to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare workers in Kurdistan, Iraq.

 Healthcare workers in four different COVID-19 hospitals in the cities of Erbil, Sulaimani, Chamchamal, and Halabja in the Kurdistan region of Iraq participated in this study on a convenience sampling method from April 10, 2020, to May 20, 2020. The degree of symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression were assessed based on the translated to Kurdish versions of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were performed to compare the scores based on different groups since the data was not normally distributed.

 Of 182 healthcare workers, 53.3% of participants screened positive for PTSD, 29.1% for anxiety, and 39.0% for depression. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, and depression according to gender and family status. However, Respondents, who were aged <40, scored higher on PCL-5, but no difference was found on HSCL-25. Nurses in the Sulaimani city, frontline workers, and those who had COVID-19 related traumatic experience scored higher on all three measures.

 The psychological impact of COVID-19 among the healthcare workers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq is at a high level of concern. Preventive programs and adaptive psychological interventions are needed.