فصلنامه مطالعات پیشگیری از جرم
پیاپی 59 (تابستان 1400)

Although the function of mass media in educating people and raising public awareness is undeniable, but the growing crime in today's societies and the influence of mass media, has led to a sense of insecurity among citizens and qualitative changes in crime. An indicator that leads criminal policymakers of the democratic model to adopt populist action measures with cross-sectional achievements in the design of crime prevention strategies.

Methodology: 

The author has used a descriptive-analytical method to explain the hegemony of the mass media and the effect of this in adopting populist preventive measures against crime.

Mass media in countries subject to the democratic model of criminal policy can selectively reflect the inefficiency of criminal control institutions in the minds of the public and the audience by selectively reflecting criminal news and depicting precriminal situations of criminals and victims and ease of crime. Adopting a strategy of maximum control tends to restrict the rights and freedoms of the individual and the community as a whole. The dominance of the mass media, especially in Western countries, has led to the reflection of criminal events leading to increased fear of crime, fear of victimization and feelings of insecurity among members of society. An indicator that achieves the conditions for advancing the rights and freedoms of citizens and benefiting from defensive forms of crime prevention by overcoming the situational preventive strategy to achieve quick-return and mass-oriented results in order to convince public opinion.

Honor killings are a form of violence against women that, while depriving women of their right to life as a human right, also hurts the feelings of society. In this regard, feminist thought has sought to influence criminological studies over the years. So we are looking to investigate the nature and causes of honor killings? And what effect has feminist theory of criminology had on it? Also, what preventive measures can be taken regarding honor killings? Feminist thought has influenced criminology from two perspectives, one on the delinquency of women and the other on women victims, the second of which is related to honor killings and is close to the idea of ​​critical feminism. In investigating the causes of honor killings, the greatest impact on honor killings is related to cultural and social issues, and the least impact is related to economic issues. Amendments to the penal code could be one of the reasons for the criminal prevention of honor killings. In preventing the situation of informing and timely warnings to the competent authorities, strengthening the forecasting police, increasing the number of law enforcement personnel, especially in rural and nomadic areas, establishing women's police stations and techniques based on reducing incitement, in which the role of NGOs is very important. it is affect. Regarding social measures, education-oriented and growth-oriented measures, as well as the role of the media in educating the public can be effective in preventing honor killings.

Moral crimes, as a destructive social phenomenon, is one of the important issues that can be considered in criminal sciences, especially criminology. The spread of such crimes will have dire consequences, such as the loss of a sense of security, the weakness of the family foundation, the wounding of public feelings, the prevalence of lawlessness in society, and even the commission of other crimes. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of "examining and analyzing the role of the police in preventing situation-oriented moral crimes".

Methodology: 

Due to the nature of the subject, the present study is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection by documentary method and by studying domestic laws, international documents and valid sources and the obtained information is analyzed descriptively-analytically. has taken.

The most important police control measures and supervisory measures in preventing the situation of moral crimes are: care and protection of the targets of moral crimes against criminals, increasing the risk of identifying criminals of moral crimes, avoiding incitement of the offender to the police, education and awareness Victims of moral crimes in order to avoid criminal situations. Therefore, the police, by adopting measures and actions that result in endangering the commission of a crime and changing the circumstances of the offender and supporting potential victims who are the target of moral crimes, disrupt the previous situation and upset the balance of the crime and prevent the transition of criminal thought. Prevents the verb.

The personality file in Iran was officially used in the Criminal Procedure Code and the Islamic Penal Code since 1392, and to emphasize its use in 1398, the Judiciary Department issued instructions for the formation of the personality file. Despite all the efforts of the legislator to use this new institution and the emphasis on the need to file a case study field, it shows that there is a gap between theory and practice, and we face challenges in localizing that criminal justice system.

The present study was based on the design and preparation of a questionnaire and the data of the questionnaire were analyzed based on SPSS software and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

The legislature has tried to include the achievements of modern criminology, including the principle of separation, in the criminal law in formal laws (Islamic criminal procedure and Islamic punishment and instructions for filing a personality file) and also according to the field findings of forming a personality file. It has had a great impact on preventing recidivism and correcting and treating criminals.

The legislator has paid some attention to the case of personality, which is one of the modern teachings of criminology, in making laws. But instead of ordering the filing of a personality file against some of the defendants, it would have been better to generalize this institution to all crimes and order the filing of a personality file,

Sport as an important factor plays an effective role in today's developing society and its continuity is effective in promoting the material and spiritual cultural level of society and ensures the physical and mental health of society. . Islam also emphasizes the importance of sports and there are verses that somehow indicate the importance of sports and strengthening the body along with strengthening the soul and psyche. But at the same time, the nature of some sports is violent and causes harm to others. Based on this, the question is what is the issue of Islam and the Iranian penal system regarding sports violence? And what can be done to prevent it?

This article has been written analytically-descriptively.

The basics of sports violence are based on human instinct theory, social learning theory, failure theory, internal energy discharge theory and functionalism theory and sports fields are one of the most prominent social scenes where behavioral violence can be observed.

Sports violence is not accepted by Islam and the Iranian penal system and has been punished with certain conditions. Among the methods of preventing sports violence are criminal and non-criminal prevention.

Crime prevention is the most sensible strategy of criminologists against the spread of crime. Accordingly, prevention has found a special generality in order to deal with crime and accordingly, this study has studied the effect of marriage in the prevention of sexual crimes among the youth of Tehran.

This research study has surveyed 384 citizens of Karaj city using a researcher-made questionnaire and based on the existing theoretical literature has proposed hypotheses to study the role of marriage in the prevention of sexual crimes.

The results of these hypotheses have shown that the three important dimensions of marriage are; Marital commitment with coefficient (0.576) and responsibility with coefficient (0.709) and self-control with coefficient (0.656) have a positive and significant effect on the prevention of sexual crimes and then the results of structural equation modeling show that The component of marriage has a positive and direct effect on the prevention of sexual crimes.

Aggressive seizure is one of the most obvious manifestations of crimes against real estate, which also disrupts order and security in society. Considering that crime prevention is one of the main and common goals of the legislative and judicial systems of countries in the management of crime and social anomalies, so in this article we examine the concept of aggressive seizure in the Iranian criminal justice system. Does it have a place? Also, what strategies are envisaged in the Iranian legal system to prevent the commission of this crime?

This article is written in an analytical-descriptive manner.

Aggressive possession lawsuits have both a civil and a criminal history in the Iranian legal system. The material element of the crime of aggressive possession includes the criminal act, the subject of the crime, the property belonging to another, the criminal result and the causal relationship, and the spiritual element of the aggressive possession includes general malice and specific malice.

Prevention of the crime of aggressive occupation is possible in both legislative and executive dimensions. In the legislative dimension, including criminal prevention, and in the executive dimension, in the first three parts - disciplinary prevention of the crime of aggressive occupation, second - education-oriented prevention of the crime of aggressive occupation and third - using the power of law enforcement companies can be effective in preventing aggressive occupation.

Effects and Consequences, The democratic approach of criminal policy by using popular institutions and organizations, their participation in responding to social deviations and the power of the government to turn to crime; Accordingly, the determination of the normative scope and scope determined by the government narrows or expands the presence of civil society in the field of criminal policy; In a way, if the government expands the boundaries of normalcy and controlled space, the realm of normalcy and free space will be reduced, and civil society will play a lesser role in this regard, and as the controlled space of government degrades, the ability of citizens to maneuver and limit Government responses are increasing.

This article is written as a descriptive and analytical method.

The significant presence of citizens in the democratic model of criminal policy will also play an important role in increasing productivity and accelerating the implementation of legislative, executive and judicial criminal policy plans. The participatory approach focuses on the development of social strategies, which are themselves based on local needs, and seek to involve citizens and non-governmental organizations in prevention programs. Finally, this prevention has emerged following the idea that crime prevention without the help and participation of the people cannot have the desired result; Because crime is a social problem and it is the duty of every citizen to control it alongside the government. Therefore, the more and more tangible the participation of the people, the local community and non-governmental organizations, the greater the sustainability and success of prevention programs.

Intellectual property rights enable an individual or organization to create economic value through its innovations in specific areas. iran's legislative system has accepted intellectual property rights and, in order to guarantee their implementation, has provided some guarantees for criminal executions; but the main question is, given the high costs of criminalization, has it also taken precautionary measures in parallel or not? based on this and by adopting a comparative approach in the present research, the main question can be asked as follows : what is the pozition of preventive measures against intellectual .

Examining the various lawsuits handled by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body in the field of intellectual property rights, it is determined that it has repeatedly called on member states to take measures to prevent violations of intellectual property rights and standards; However, there are exceptions in this regard for example, regarding the inventions of drugs that appeared in the case of generic drugs. in the legislative criminal policy of Iran, there are few examples of preventive measures against the violation of intellectual property rights. The most important of these are the interim injunction in the Code of Civil Procedure, the publication of a sentence in the Law on the Protection of the Rights of Authors, Writers and Artists, and the provision of civil liability for infringers of intellectual property rights in order to prevent wider violations of these rights;

Specific military and disciplinary crimes are crimes that only the military can commit and it is not possible for civilians to commit these crimes. And has been to deal with the increase in their crimes, hence the establishment of military courts, the development of criminal laws of the Armed Forces throughout history and the comparison of some previous and subsequent laws and its analysis to prevent crime or reduce it in the forces Armed for their health can be essential.

The research method in this article is analytical and descriptive. Findings and

Strategies for the prevention of specific military and disciplinary crimes in Iran's criminal policy can be done in two dimensions: criminal prevention and non-criminal prevention. And considered deterring employees from committing crimes. In case of low impact of the mentioned laws in preventing the occurrence of specific military and disciplinary crimes, using other methods of non-criminal prevention (social prevention and situational prevention), to the desired goals, which is crime prevention and staff correction Put it into action.

Those with financial convictions may transfer property with the aim of removing their property from the creditor's reach. This action can also be seen in the situation of bankrupt businessmen. On this basis, we seek to examine the meaning of the transaction with the intention of escaping from religion in the Iranian legal system? And what criteria has the Iranian criminal law system considered in criminalizing it? Also, what strategies can be effective in preventing the occurrence of the crime of transaction with the intention of escaping from religion?

This research has been written by analytical-descriptive method.

Transaction with the intention of escaping from religion has both legal and criminal dimensions, the criminal dimension of which can be seen in the law on the execution of financial sentences. The transfer of property by the debtor is the loss of the transaction and the intention to escaping from debt. Regarding the prevention of the crime of transaction with the intention of escaping from religion, two methods of criminal and non-criminal prevention (situational and social) can be expressed. The existing law does not seem to be very helpful in criminal prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the law. In situational criminal prevention (choosing the appropriate method of resolving family disputes such as arbitration or mediation and anticipating appropriate solutions in trade law amendments) and in social prevention (timely and specialized interventions in family disputes, education-oriented measures with emphasis on religious institutions, schools and The media, as well as the deregulation of laws related to economic development (especially the Seventh Development Plan), can be effective in preventing this crime.

Claims related to the construction participation contract are filed in various ways against the builder in the judiciary. It is necessary to make changes in the regulations related to the validity of such contracts. Civil and criminal solutions can also provide grounds for reducing these lawsuits. The condition of invalidating the pre-sale of the manufacturer in the contract of participation in the construction is one of the effective conditions in preventing the violations of the builder.

The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical.

Judicial procedure is also being formed in ordering the annulment of such pre-sales. A petition to cancel such pre-sales may be filed by the owners or the pre-purchaser; The issuance of a pre-cancellation order is valid in both cases; Preventing the crimes of builders is the most important way to reduce such crimes.

The builder commits appropriate penalties for refusing to enter into a formal pre-sale contract and claiming to have false authority in pre-sale or collusion with third parties in taking the real estate of pre-buyers by concluding an exchange contract with an apartment to be built in the future. It deals with criminal regulations and the formation of criminal jurisprudence in these cases is also effective in preventing their violations.