نشریه آینده پژوهی انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1399)

Fast changes, competition, informed and intelligent customers and increasing innovations, bring about challenges and serious uncertainties which organizations deal with in their progress in the future. This requires special attention to the issue of knowledge management and its adaptation to future conditions. Proposing no vision for the excellence of future of knowledge management in organizations, knowledge management development measures, as well as the inability to solve problems, will not benefit future knowledge needs.    futures studies and knowledge management are both intended to identify the complexity and dynamism resulting from the internal and external environment of organizations, and address the knowledge needs of managers to make decisions in such environments. We can understand the significant role of futures study in knowledge management through a brief consideration. Knowledge management affects futures studt greatly.    This study is an attempt to investigate the relation and role of futures studies and knowledge management in an organization. The researchers conducted a case study using in-depth interviews with experts (including employees, administrators, and faculty members of a military higher education center) to find out how futures study is related to the maturity of knowledge management. The innovative point in this research related to the combination of futures study research methods to the process of organizational knowledge management model. In this manner, interviews, questionnaires and literature review techniques have been employed to collect data. The logic of framework analysis and focus group on the future challenges of knowledge management of the organization under study have been used as analysis tools.     An analysis of the futures study methods on the basis of functional foundations, a model for futures study development based on organizational knowledge management is proposed as a research result.

Transhumanism has emerged as a modern scientific and intellectual-cultural movement with futuristic approach relying on its scientific researches to propose biological enhancement for human beings and to increase life quality. This research is aimed at elucidating the scientific and futuristic aspects of this movement, and highlighting the significance of conducting futuristic studies in this field. The study follows a qualitative research approach employing documentary-interpretive method.The main finding of this study is to explain the framework and scope of scientific and futuristic research which transhumanists focus on. In this way, some of the issues and challenges following the fulfillment of the notions of this movement, are identified, which are in need of future studies. Although there is a long way to achieve the ultimate goals of this movement, indeed it seems impossible to achieve them, some steps have been taken in this way, and we can observe a degree of transhumanism. The realization of some part of the ultimate goals of this movement will surely brings about great outcomes in various aspects of human life. Hence, it is of special importance to address transhumanism from the viewpoint of futures study and its different interdisciplinary aspects.

Ikhwan al-Muslemin movement is a popular Islamic one that emerged as a result of strategic confrontations in opposition to the colonization of European countries over Islamic nations. The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran brough about a great political change in the strategy of the Ikhwan al-Muslemin movement, with regard to fighting the internal tyranny and Western-affiliated governments. Futures study in the Ikhwan al-Muslemin movement involves particular significance in relation to Saudi-Turkish relationships compared to other movements for two reasons. The first reason regards the fact that Ikhwan al-Muslemin movement is one of the most important and most powerful Islamic political movements in the contemporary era. The second reason involves the fact that it has played a key role in all recent uprisings in the region. This study is intended to explain the strategy of the formation and activities of the Ikhwan al-Muslemin movement through a descriptive-analytical method. It is also intended to state the history of Saudi-Turkish relationship in order to find an answer to what the movement's strategies are and how they affect the political relationship between Turkey and Saudi Arabia (emphasizing on the role of the Ikhwan al-Muslemin). The findings indicated that Turkey is a moderate supporter of the Islam proposed by Ikhwan al-Muslemin, while Saudi Arabia promotes extremist Islam or Wahhabism. As a result, the ideological deadlock of Islamic movements will further diverge the political relationship between Turkey and Saudi Arabia.

Imam Khomeini is regarded as a unique figure of the contemporary era. A review of his valuable statements on various topics and their analysis reveal the depth of his insight and high vision. This research is intended to investigate futurism from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. He is a unique figure who has led the greatest contemporary revolution, and his behavior, speeches and character have had a great influence in the world, and is still being continued. As a result, in addition to understanding facts about the Islamic Revolution and the Islamic Republic, studying of futurism from the point of view of Imam Khomeini can help us analyze world events and make better and more effective great decisions for the future. This research follows a documentary method reviewing the statements of Imam Khomeini for analysis. In this research we first studied futurology and futurism from the point of view of Islam. From the Islamic point of view, futurology considers the course of human civilization as a purposeful process. More importantly, it is considered as giving good news of the victory of the righteous and the pious people in the future, and with the advent of the present Imam, gives man a double inner motivation for effort and persistence.  Having reviewed futurology in the views of Islam and narrations, we considered it from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. The results indicated that in the view of Imam Khomeini, the future can be created and the revolution and the Islamic system pave the way for the appearance of Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh). Issues such as the necessity and importance of foresight, drawing the future society, the duty of different groups of people in the future, the requirements for achieving the desired future from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini and some of the fulfilled predictions of Imam Khomeini have also been studied respectively.

This study is conducted to review the recent developments in the methods applied to the researches and projects of futures study. This study began with a library research among the selected articles published in relation to the new methods credential scientific journals. Having explained a detailed description and examples of new methods, the researchers assessed the methods for futures study and the proposed paradigms. Afterwards, we focused on the concept of post-normal and presented a concept called post-method. It can be useful for solving futures study in the complex space ahead. The basis of the idea of post-method underlies the fact that due to the increasing complexity of local and global conditions and the progress of the factors affecting these problems, it is necessary to go beyond the traditional methods and provide a new concept for solving problems and a new definition for methods. To be able to respond to these growing complexities. The results revealed that the recent advances in the methods used in futures study are influenced by the four sources of information technology including the World Wide Web, combination of methods and movement towards post-normal conditions and naturally to post-method. It is noteworthy that the concept of post-normal and post-method can cover the other three sources.

The approaches of the schools to future stems from the ideology that governs them, and this process forms futurism of schools. This research is intended to identify the futuristic ideology of the two schools of liberalism and Islam by making an assessment of the three concepts of identity, the promised comer, and universality in both of the schools.  By intensifying these three concepts in these schools and their answers to these questions, their approach to the future will become obvious. Explaining the concept and function of identity will answer the question of what human beings are and how they relate to one another. By explaining the concept and function of the promised comer, the question relating to the desirable state of human in the world of existence and the way of his development will be answered. An explanation of the concept and function of universality, deals with the question of the perspective of liberalism and Islam and that how and by what means this desired situation will be acquired. Assessment of the answers provided by these two schools show that there are two types of approaches to the future of the world and globalization; First, liberal globalization that results in the uniformity of the lifestyles of the peoples of the world and the demolition of their cultural diversity in the future. Second, the Islamic globalization which will lead to the formation of an international community on the basis of moral tendencies rather than utilitarianism.