نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای سیاسی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1399)

The issue of Iran's nuclear program from 2002 to 2015, due to its political and economic consequences, has been one of the most important issues in Iranian foreign policy after the Islamic Revolution. The program involved three presidential Periods, Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani after the revolution. The present Thesis draws on the theory of a possible agreement area, as well as using the comparative historical method to examine the nuclear program in these three presidential periods (Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani). Accordingly, the main question of this Research is why, during the two presidential and presidential events of Khatami and Ahmadinejad, the negotiations between Iran and the Western powers did not end to the comprehensive nuclear deal, but during the presidential term, Rouhani led the negotiations to a comprehensive nuclear agreement. In response to this main question, the hypothesis of this Research is that unclear strategies and tactics in two internal and external environments (Iran and the 5 + 1 group) in the three presidential years (Khatami and Ahmadinejad and Rouhani) led to two different achievements (disagreement and agreement) in Iran's nuclear program. The results of the research shows that in the era of Mohammad Khatami, the excessive flexibility of Iran believed that Western countries had little need to cope with Iran. During the Ahmadinejad era, due to his aggressive foreign policy, the opportunity was given to the United States to accompany the European Union, and even China and Russia, and pass unprecedented sanctions resolutions against Iran in the UN Security Council. But during his Hassan Rouhani period, he used the experiences of previous governments to try to moderate the path. This policy led the Iranian side to rethink its policies, which made it possible to reach a comprehensive nuclear deal.

Reduced rainfall and increased consumption, along with the inefficiency of water resource management, has greatly affected the security of the countries on the desert strip of the world So that dehydration threatens their security, livelihoods and the environment severely. This situation has brought water into Power relations of Political-spatial units On a sub-national and transnational scale. Meanwhile, Iran is among the countries on the dry belt of the world, where the vast portion of renewable has ended its water resources. Available data show that the Zayandeh Rood Basin has been decreasing in the last two decades, and has ended most of its water. The efforts of the authorities in Subnational scale for water supply has exacerbated the difference in the interests of citizens. The data of the present article, which is of a practical nature, has been gathered in a library manner and reviewed by the most visited provincial sites Based on the assumption that partial approach to water issues has led to The positions of the administrators of each province in the Zayandeh Rood Basin are related to appear The geographical position superior and inferior of the province. The result of the article shows that there is a relationship between the geographic location of the province and the statement of the position of Authorities and practitioners in the form of hydro-political relations.

"Good Governance or Favorable Governance" was originally created in the United Nations Charter and International Law and nurtured in the light of UN support. All definitions of governance represent a broader concept of government. The new use of the word includes three institutions of government, civil society and the private sector in addition to the state institution. The task of good governance is to co-operate and coordinate between these sectors. In the meantime, transparency is a must in all areas of good governance. The present study, using analytical-descriptive method, seeks to investigate transparency in the Islamic Republic of Iran with or without good governance.The results of the analysis showed that transparency could not emerge in the first ten years of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1979 to 1989 due to the two characteristics of war conditions and the presence of Imam Khomeini's charismatic personality. In the period from 1989 to 1997, transparency could not be realized because of focusing on economic activities and starting the process of growth of the middle class. During Khatami's presidency, despite hopes for transparency, this was not achieved due to the weakness of civil society and the resistance of political power. With Ahmadinejad's victory in the election, a return to revolutionary slogans and radical demands for justice and arrogance was taking place. What was observed in the study of transparency between 1977 and 2011 shows that because of the revolutionary conditions and the seizure of power by the revolutionaries, transparency was in place, and it has become increasingly clear that the political system, although committed to democracy, has failed to achieve transparency over the years due to institutional and structural weaknesses.

As the capital and largest city of Tehran, the metropolis of Tehran needs more efficient and efficient management. In the wide range of managerial proposals, centralized to decentralized approaches, the semi-centralized governance model is proposed and claimed. On the other hand, considering that the spatial distribution of power is the focus of changes that the semi-centralized model with its transformation will determine the possibility of transition to efficient management of Tehran, the present study, relying on it, tries to examine the spatial distribution of power. And its practical priorities in this metropolis. The main topic of this article is to present the priorities of spatial distribution of power for the management of the city of Tehran with a semi-centralized approach. In this regard, the main question of the research is that in the transition from the current centralized to semi-centralized model, the spatial distribution of power in Tehran, with what characteristics can be presented in the four dimensions of executive, judicial, legislative and security? In response to the main question of the research, the hypothesis is that "it seems that the separation of governance from local affairs in four dimensions: executive, judicial, security and legislative, is the most important priority of spatial distribution of power for governing Tehran in a semi-centralized model." . The research method is quantitative and, according to the purpose, practical and problem-solving type, and library and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of this study includes 44 faculty members in the field of political geography at Tehran universities and senior managers of Tehran Municipality, whose minimum university degree is master's degree and sampling method, snowball and questionnaire measuring tool. The research findings provide the most important priorities of the Tehran city administration based on a semi-centralized approach with a focus on the spatial distribution of power in the legislative, executive, judicial and security dimensions of the metropolis of Tehran.

On of the topics in the discussied theories and schools of international relations and geopolitics is discussion of the sources of conflictand the prolongation of disputes between Stats. Because tensions and conflicts between stats and goernments have always occurred at different levels and dimensions, and we will see it in the future, expert and theorists of different schools of internationalrelation and geopolitics have tried in different ways to establish the roots amd factors, identify and explain international conflicts. Given that one of the theories among geopolitical theories is the model Peter Hoggets putitka accordingly, the present study, with its descriptive – analytical rejection, sought to examine the fundamental question of whether the geographical sources of tension can inter nationals between iran and Iraq be adapted to the twelve factors of the putitka?                                                                                  

the data collection tool in this research is library and also referring to specialized quarterly journals.                                                                                         

according to the research findings, of the twelve factors that hogget cites as stressful geographical resources, seven of them are clearly seen in the realations between iran and Iraq.                                                                                                       

According to the model presented by Hagget in this article, geopolitical factors have played a role in creating tension between iran and Iraq and eventually led to a war between them.

One of the important dimensions in improving the quality of urban environment is the sense of belonging to a place and it is one of the important issues in urban planning so that citizens' high sense of belonging to their neighborhood, region and city is very beneficial to the development of cities in different ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of sense of belonging to a location on the environmental quality of Zahedan. Based on the purpose of the study, this study is an applied study using descriptive-analytical method. In this study, in order to study the sense of belonging, 32 indicators were determined. Based on the results of factor-confirmation analysis performed in Amos 24 environment, these indicators were classified in the form of six principal components of emotional bonds, continuity, participation and effectiveness, identity and values, social bonds and practical links. SPSS24 and AMOS24 software were used to analyze the data. The results of this study indicated that the maximum amount of emotional bond component, continuity rate component, identity and values ​​component, social bond component, participation and effectiveness component, as well as practical bond component are related to four cities in Zahedan region ( with the value of 3.52, 3.51, 3.50, 3.51, 3.39, and 3.52, respectively.