فصلنامه شهر پایدار
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار 1400)

Extended Abstract Introduction Due to the increasing growth of urbanization and the great damage caused by natural and human hazards to the environment and the body of urban settlements, the concept of resilience to reduce the effects of hazards has become an important area in crisis management. Urban resilience refers to the ability of an urban system to maintain or quickly return to optimal performance in the face of turmoil and adaptability to change. Today, resilience is not limited to academic topics; By including it in urban strategic documents around the world, understanding of resilience, identifying its dimensions and characteristics, and its relationship to different types of hazards have been examined. Due to the location of Tehran in the high seismic hazard zone, extensive construction in the area of ​​faults and areas prone to geological instability, a wide range of vulnerable and worn tissues and weak operational capacity for disaster management, resilience indicators in Earthquake in area one of Tehran has been analyzed spatially.   Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and is based on library and field methods. In the objective field of urban resilience, data from the 2016 census were used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data required for research in the field of mind. This questionnaire contains 109 questions in various social, economic, institutional and infrastructural dimensions. The questions are mostly closed and designed in a 5-point Likert scale. The statistical population of the study includes all households living in area one of Tehran, whose number in 2016 was 140,168 households. The sample size using the Cochran's formula is estimated to be 383 households. The type of sampling is spatial sampling. Data were analyzed using t-test in SPSS software and spatial analysis techniques in Arc GIS software.   Results and discussion The results of analysis in the social dimension of urban resilience showed that the highest scores were related to the indicators of tendency to stay longer in the neighborhood, the amount of attention to housing quality and satisfaction with living, and the lowest scores were related to the indicators of earthquake probability, respectively. In the city of Tehran, local consensus and participation and the degree of neighborhood communication are close. The average score of the respondents in the social dimension in the Likert scale of 5 scales is equal to 3.13. The value of T-statistic for the social dimension of urban resilience is -5.598. Therefore, according to the results of T-test, it can be stated with 99% confidence that region one of Tehran based on urban resilience indicators in a social dimension has a good situation. In the institutional dimension of urban resilience, indicators of residents' satisfaction with firefighting performance, trust in laws to maintain order and residents' satisfaction with emergency performance with the highest score and indicators of efficiency and readiness of council and municipality, the amount of residents' demands to officials And the rate of application of opinions and participation of residents have the lowest score. The average scores of the respondents in the social dimension in the 5-point Likert scale are equal to 2.55 and the value of the T statistic for the institutional dimension of urban resilience is equal to 16.31. Therefore, it can be stated with 99% confidence that region one of Tehran city is in an unfavorable situation based on urban resilience indicators in the institutional dimension. In terms of resilience infrastructure, indicators of satisfaction with the quality of mobile phone service, satisfaction with the quality of telecommunication services and satisfaction with the quality of electricity and electrical installations, respectively, have the highest score and indicators of access to the route map and evacuation, access to Temporary accommodation and access to aid agencies have the lowest scores. The average score of the respondents in the infrastructure dimension in the Likert scale of 5 scales is equal to 3.07 and the value of T statistic for the infrastructure dimension of urban resilience is equal to -3.137. Therefore, it can be stated with 99% confidence that region one of Tehran city is relatively suitable in terms of infrastructure in terms of urban resilience.The results of the research in the economic dimension showed that the highest score is related to the indicators of earthquake vulnerable property and the level of neighborhood security and the lowest score is related to the indicators of residents' insurance coverage against earthquake and hope for institutional support, respectively. Mali is on the ground of an earthquake. The average score of the respondents in the economic dimension in the 5-point Likert scale is 1.48 and the value of the T-statistic for the economic dimension of urban resilience is equal to 29.67. Therefore, it can be stated with 99% confidence that region one of Tehran city is in an unfavorable situation based on urban resilience indicators in the economic dimension.   Conclusions The results of the four dimensions of resilience show that neighborhoods have different resilience to each other. Also, each of the resilience indicators differs according to different economic, social, institutional and infrastructural conditions and characteristics. The average score in the social dimension is 2.88, which indicates that the neighborhoods of the region are resilient in the social dimension. The average score of the institutional dimension is 3.45, which indicates the dissatisfaction of the residents of the region with the performance of government and local institutions. In the economic dimension, the most important components are the vulnerability of job supply sources, job security, and ownership. The average score on the economic dimension is 3.52, which is a sign of economic vulnerability and is relatively unfavorable in terms of resilience. The average score of the infrastructure dimension is 2.92, which is a sign that the region is becoming more resilient. The quality of buildings in Zone One is in poor condition due to the age of these neighborhoods. Neighborhoods such as Chizar, Darkeh, Darband and Qeytariyeh have more unfavorable conditions than other neighborhoods due to the existence of worn and old buildings. Also, high-rise construction at the neighborhood level causes population density and eliminates open space, which also increases vulnerability and reduces resilience. Spatial analysis combining objective and subjective dimensions was used to identify hot spots in area one. The results showed that the neighborhoods of Darband, Zafaranieh, Mahmoudieh, Araj, Chizar, Rostamabad, Azgol, Golha town, Shahid Mahallati town, Imamzadeh Ghasem and Naft town are in inappropriate conditions of mental and objective dimensions of resilience.

Extended Abstract Introduction This fact that centralized urban land management in most developing countries cause local institutions have no place in decision-making and suffer from the absence of the required institutional capacity is also there in Iran as a developing country with a petroleum-based economy. Although Iran has made an effort to move from centralization policy towards decentralization policy in land management over the past few decades, its urban land management system still suffers from a lack of proper vision, high centralization, and non-participatory decision-making. As a matter of fact, the top-down centralized planning system in Iran requires that land and housing policies be managed by central governments, and local and regional governments (municipalities) are just obligated to implement plans designed in the national level. To that aim, a governmental institution called the "National Land and Housing Organization" became the main responsibil in urban land management on behalf of the central government for implementing some of the objectives for the last forty years and councils and municipalities are the only executer and obedient of decisions made in the national level: decisions that are made for the whole country without taking into account the spatial, geographical, cultural and social differences. Apart from preparing political and governmental contexts such as decentralization and delegation of authorities to local levels, councils and municipalities, as local institutions responsible for land management in Iranian cities, should be able to enhance their institutional weaknesses by creating and developing some capacity. Now, the question which the present study is going to answer it is that what kind of capacities should be created or developed by local institutions to improve their abilities for applying good governance in land management.   Methodology According to the studied indicators and the nature of the subject, the present study is applicable and the method is descriptive-analytic. in this research, two main methods of interview and questionnaire were used to collect the desired data. After analysis of literature review, firstly the accepted indicators in the field of good governance of urban land and then the most important areas of institutional weakness in councils and municipalities were identified as research capacity needs. In the second stage, to find the accuracy of the indicators and measure the relationship and appropriateness of these indicators with the proposed capacities, as well as localization and compatibility of the proposed capacities with the Iranian management context, a semi-structured interview form was designed and was given to ten experts with a scientific background in urban planning, urban development and land use. in the next step, Delphi systematic technique was used to extract the opinions of experts about whether there is a relationship between these capacities and the realization of good governance in Iran's urban land management. Finally, a structured questionnaire was designed based on 7 main indicators and 32 proposed capacities and was sent to 30 experts to rate the capacities using the Likert scale, in other words, to quantify them from the value of (1-10).  Finally, using Spearman model, the correlation between dependent and independent variables of the research was confirmed and using linear regression model, the direct effects of independent variables on dependent in general were calculated and based on path analysis model, the direct and indirect impact some capacities on the realization of the good urban land governance in Iran were measured.   Results and discussion According to the results of Spearman test, the proposed capacities in the area of localism have the highest correlation and relationship with the realization of the indicators of good urban governance by local institutions. After determining the correlation between the independent and dependent variables in the Spearman test, the regression model was used which its results shows only the proposed capacities in the areas of "taxation and registration", "localism" and "optimal land management" have a real and significant relationship with the realization of good indicators of urban land governance in Iran. In other words, the proposed capacities in these three sectors will have the greatest impact on the realization of indicators of good urban land governance in Iran. The results of the path analysis model also showed that if capacities proposed in the area of security and property system as a complementary element add to capacities of "the taxation and registration, localism and optimal land management areas", the impact of the capacities of these three areas on the realization of good urban land governance is increasing increases.    Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the proposed capacities in the areas of institutional weakness and the realization of indicators of good urban land governance in Iran. It shows the interrelationship between the two variables that the more seriously the proposed capacities are created or developed at the local management levels, the greater the possibility of achieving good governance indicators in the urban land sector, As a result, if decentralization would be happened in Iran, councils and municipalities, as local institutions, can acquire the necessary capacity to accept authority in local urban land management and guarantee the optimal management of urban land as a valuable resource. in general, this study believes that in order to creating and developing institutional capacities at the local management level and eliminate the weaknesses in the field of taxation and registration, the capacity of " create or strengthen geographic databases to implement or complete the cadastral system ", for eliminating the areas of localism, the capacity of " storing, registering and updating urban land information in land databases on the local level and improving the quality of registration by preparing cadastral maps" and for eliminating the weakness of the area of ​​optimal land management the capacity of " Enhancing the storage and registry of urban land information on databases at the local level for providing the needs of today and the future" is the first step. Finally, this study strongly believes that the establishment of good governance in urban land management requires technological infrastructure in the local institution and this infrastructure provides the basis for decentralization. Establishing good governance in in fact, decentralization will hold local management accountable to national management, this process will create transparency, and the establishment of these two elements will surely ensure the integration that is the first principle of optimal land management.

Extended Abstract 
Health services land uses are those that if inappropriate location-allocation, they may incur the economic and financial damages and also cause irreparable loss of life. Today, subject of health services is an essential strategy for promoting public health and it is widely regarded as a global solution to improve the quality of life in the world. Medical centers are one of the essential land uses of the city, which are substantial for appropriate accessibility, proper location-allocation and optimal service to the citizens. The increasing of population growth of urban areas has led to enhance the demand for public services, especially health services, and also the need to create these services fairly and on the basis of various environmental, social, economic and physical criteria. Since the establishment of a new health center requires a lot of time and money, this study seeks to analyze and evaluate the location-allocation of health centers by using of qualitative criteria in the city of Bam. It seems that medical centers of Bam also have problems in many cases in terms of location-allocation, which can lead to economic and financial losses and even cause irreparable life damage. Therefore, qualitative assessment of the location-allocation of these centers can improve and promote the efficiency of these centers and reduce their many problems.
 
The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in view point of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is specialized and important clinics of Bam city. The qualitative evaluation of the location-allocation of health care centers was evaluated in six main criteria of accessibility, proximity, dependency, capacity, comfort, convenience and safety and 21 indicators. To analyze and evaluate qualitatively the location-allocation of health centers, the WASPAS model has been used to prioritize and determine the desirability of each unit that performs well on complex decision-making issues and the results of it has remarkable accuracy.
 
The results of data analysis showed that the variance of indices related to Baqiyatallah clinic, except for two indices marginal parking and noise caused by traffic congestion has the highest numerical value this indicates that Baqiyatallah clinic is in suitable condition in all indices except for two indices. After Baqiyatallah Clinic, Imam Hossein and Imam Reza Clinic, respectively, have the highest variance in indices for qualitative location-allocation. In these centers, the variance of the various studied indicators in the qualitative location-allocation and prioritization discussion is in appropriate status and has a high numerical value. Based on the six main considered criteria in this study and based on the results, it can be stated that Imam Reza Clinic, only in the neighborhood criteria (residential, green space, educational, office) and dependency criterion on the other criteria and examined indicators in this center, has the least amount of variance, which can be considered as an indication of the inappropriate location-allocation of the center on the two mentioned criteria. Imam Hossein Clinic also in two criteria (indicators of green space, commercial and bank, office and gardens) and the criterion of comfort and convenience (traffic noise indicator) has the least variance or, in other words, it has the worst optimization among the considered indicators. In this regard, the Salc Clinic, Oral Health Center and Imam Khomeini clinic are in the next rank and semi-optimal condition that this is due to the low variance of some indices for these centers. For example, in relation to the Salc clinic, lack of parking, lack of marginal parking and distance from green space have made this center semi-desirable. In the case of the center for Oral Health, distance from the green space and failure to comply with the capacity criterion has made the center semi-desirable. Among all studied health centers, Fakhrabad and Imamzadeh Zid clinics had the least variance in terms of qualitative indices. These centers, due to inadequate proximity to the religious space (neighborhood mosque), playgrounds and other medical centers, less access to the center, distance from 2nd arterial street, closer to the Bam City fault, long distance from the fire station as well as the location of some municipal facilities near them, are in an undesirable situation.
 
The final results of ranking and qualitative evaluation of location-allocation of health centers in Bam in the form of six main criteria of accessibility, proximity, dependency, capacity, comfort, convenience and safety and 21 indicators indicated that the desirability of each unit was different. Baqiyatallah Clinic, Imam Hossein Specialty Clinic and Imam Reza Specialty Clinic, which have been ranked first to third based on desirability and optimality, have the best desirability condition, Salc Clinic, Oral Health Clinic and Imam Khomeini Clinic have semi-desirable condition and Zaydieh Clinic and Fakhrabad Clinic also have undesirable condition.

Extended Abstract
In recent decades, the level of neighborhood attachment to residential areas in urban contemporary neighborhoods has been debilitated through the use of patterns and styles of urban planning and non-indigenous architecture in a way that focuses on purely physical components leading to settlements with the least social interactions and not attendance in collective spaces. However, in the past, it seems that one of the main features of any neighborhood has been the close connection between the environment components and the sense of place attachment and traditional neighborhoods have always had the highest level of residents' attachment to themselves. Shahrak-e- Daneshgah of Yazd is one of the new neighborhoods in the contemporary context of the city that seems to have not been successful in shaping the relationship between residents and the residential environment, also it is involved with some problems such as reduction of residents' communication, lack of formation of collective memories and events, diminishment of sense of belonging and dependence as well as the decline of residents' attachment to their living environment. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluation the effective indicators on attachment to residential neighborhoods in the Shahrak-e- Daneshgah of Yazd. Also it seeks to answer two questions:1) What are the effective indicators on residents' attachment to contemporary residential areas?
 2) How much is the extent and intensity of the impact of each of indicators on the residents' attachment to the Shahrak-e- Daneshgah of Yazd?
 
This article has used three research methods including survey, descriptive and correlation. In addition, a questionnaire that according to the theoretical model of research was used to collect information from residents to assess their sense of neighborhood attachment, as well as library resources and field studies to complete the required data to conduct research. The apparent validity of the research instrument (questionnaire) was confirmed by Yazd university professors and its reliability was confirmed by using of Cronbach's alpha test. In order to measure the variables in the questionnaire, the five-point Likert scale and systematic sampling method were used. The volume of the statistical population includes all residents of the area (7581 people) and the sample size has been calculated using Cochran's formula at 95% confidence level with q = p = 0.5 and d = 0.05 with error. Finally, likely to distortion of some questionnaires, the sample size of 320 was considered. To test the obtained data through a questionnaire, SPSS software was used. Also, multivariate regression was used to excavate the data and explain the effect of indicators on neighborhood attachment among the available analysis tests.
 
According to the theoretical model of the research, the variable of neighborhood attachment was considered as a dependent one and the variables of residential characteristics, social interactions, presence, individual feeling, collective feeling, physical, semantic and functional were considered as independent ones of this research. Due to the qualitatively variables, measurable indicators for each of the variables are included in the theoretical model of the research. Independent variables explain totally 70.9% of the variance of the dependent variable in the Shahrak-e- Daneshgah of Yazd. Based on the calculated regression coefficients, eight research variables have a direct and significant connection with the dependent variable and only the variable of personal characteristics with beta of )0.031(and a significance level of )0.271(has no significant connection with the dependent variable of the research. This means that indicators such as age, occupation, marital status, education, etc. do not have a significant connection with place attachment, and in other words, decreasing or increasing age and education or job changes do not have a considerable effect on people's attachment to their neighborhood. The results indicate that the residential characteristics variable with a beta of )0.463(has the highest significant relationship with the dependent variable and the semantic variable has the least significant relationship with the dependent variable by two items (index) called historical background and the existence of brilliant elements with a beta coefficient of (0.305).
 
As mentioned formerly, neighborhoods are considered as one of the main habitats in cities and play an important role in the physical and functional structure of each city. Conforming the importance of this role, attention to spatial qualities is vital to maintain the dynamism and continuity of flow and residence. With these explanations, finally, the results of this study express that the duration of living in neighborhoods are effective on shaping the sense of attachment to the residential environment, so that the more presence precedent in the neighborhood and personal ownership of housing, the less movement happen and the sense of responsibility of people toward environment will crystallize and as a result, their sense of attachment to the neighborhood will increase. Collective factors such as collective feeling, social interactions and presence are the next steps that confirm the collective nature of events at the neighborhood level and as this study showed, in urban contemporary contexts, there is a significant reduction in the incidence of group events. On the other hand, in the Shahrak-e- Daneshgah neighborhood, we see the low impact of individual variables such as personal feelings and characteristics on creating and promoting attachment to the neighborhood, to the extent that unlike many previous studies on residential scale, in this research personal characteristics are ineffective on shaping residents' attachment to their neighborhood. This indicates that the Shahrak-e-Daneshgah neighborhood, as a new residential neighborhood without antiquity and historical roots, lacks a collective spirit and suffers from the lack of social interactions and the presence of people in the neighborhood and needs to pay attention to factors that they lead to a collective spirit in the neighborhood.

Extended Abstract
Today, we live in a city century, a period in human history, where the growth of urbanization has become a major issue. The growing trend of urban population can have a negative impact on cities. If the current growth process continues, there will be serious tensions among many economic, social, and environmental forces that will significantly affect the quality of life of residents. With the start of the local program crisis, a new set of global indicators has appeared in 2005, which has been proposed as a method to assess the livability of city. Livability is one of the most important and effective factors on the citizens’ quality of life which became a popular issue in the 1980s and early 1990s. Human beings are always looking to improve their quality of life and make it livable. In the last few decades, the occurrence of various crises in social, economic, environmental, and physical dimensions that result from inappropriate planning of cities, has led to a decline in quality of life and a reduction in livability levels, especially in small towns. These cities are faced with problems such as lack of education, employment, healing, recreation, etc. and also social, economic, environmental challenges that have lowered the quality of life and livability factors. In this regard, one of the problems of Dorud city, is the challenge of improving urban livelihood and increasing quality of life. The city faces dangers such as the negative effects of factories on the city center, lack of facilities and infrastructure, the lack of proper planning of the city, will turn into an uncomfortable city. By examining the factors affecting the livelihood, managers are given the opportunity to improve the quality of life in Dorud city by strengthening the indicators of livability. In this research, the main factors and indicators are measured in improving the livability and quality of life and the effect of livability on quality of life. Improving the quality of life in urban communities is the ultimate goal of urban programs, but at the present, poor living conditions have caused the majority of compatriots to lack the desired quality of life.
 
This study is an applied research in terms of purpose, and in the research literature, the library method and field studies have been used to collect data and information. Field studies of this research were conducted through a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to process data and information for analysis in the study area, structural equation modeling and statistical analysis methods including SPSS and AMOS software programs have been exerted and also to obtain required maps ARC GIS software has been used. In order to determine the sample size
 
according to the statistical population of 121638, in Dorud, based on the last census of 1395, the Cochran formula was used. According to the formula, 30 questionnaires were distributed among residents of neighborhoods, and based on the obtained variance from the primary sampling unit of the research, the sample size was 320. The validity of the research tool, which includes a questionnaire, has been reviewed by university professors and confirmed after removing deficiencies. In this research, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. The calculated alpha value for the viability index was 0.862 and for the quality of life index was 0.774, which indicates the desirability of the questionnaire.
 
This section showed the analysis findings and response to research hypotheses. For scientific inference, structural equation modeling and t-test were used. The first hypothesis, the inadequacy of the quality of life index in Dorud city, has been evaluated using a one-sample t-test. The test results with a confidence level of 0.95 indicate that quality of life indices (economic, social) are significant and the environmental index is not significant in general, but all the averages of the indicators and their items are less than the desired value. Therefore, it can be said that the situation of the quality of life index in the city of Dorud, is not appropriate. The second hypothesis, which evaluates the inappropriate situation of the livability index, is measured by one-sample t-test, which the analysis of the results, is such that the livability situation is also undesirable in the study area. The findings from the conceptual model of the research also show that livability as an independent variable affects quality of life as a dependent variable. The final result indicates that the educational factor, with a regression coefficient of 0.72, had the greatest effect on the livability and environmental element with a factor weight of 0.82 had a greatest effect on the quality of life in the city. Finally, livability with a regression coefficient of 0.98 has a major effect on the quality of life in Dorud.
 
Due to the growing growth of the number of people living in cities, habitation in cities is increasingly challenging, so that if the current population trend continues, cities will face tensions that will significantly affect the quality of life and livability in cities. Today, important factors are effective on lowering the level of quality of life, which livability as an important factor is one of the most effective of these factors. The results show that the educational index, including school quality and teachers, and the possibility of walking to school and etc. among other criteria, has had a significant impact on livability in the city. Although the creation of desirable educational conditions such as quality and suitable educational level for all sections and etc. are the most important habitat patterns in the study area that should be considered by managers, experts and decision-makers to improve the residents’ quality of life in the field of urban development, livability patterns may be completely different from one region to another.  Among the specific indicators of quality of life, the environmental index shows as the most effective factor on increasing quality of life. This declares that more successful settlements will focus on environmental issues, including air quality, which is also a significant factor in the studied city.

Extended Abstract Introduction With the increasing growth of urbanization and population growth in recent years, the city and urban planning has faced many problems. One of these problems is the deterioration of the old neighbourhoods and textures of the city. Given that the majority of the world's growing population lives in urban areas, the city cannot be simply abandoned. Extensive efforts have been made in the city, large sums of money have been invested, which cannot be simply ignored. In this regard, sustainable urban development was considered as a solution to the dilemma of urban development in the changing conditions of the last years of the twentieth century. In a sustainable city, the goal is to use the land within the city before consuming or destroying important natural or barren lands around the city. More effective use of land covered by urban development and the establishment of much of the future population growth by filling the existing fabric of the city, balanced increase in density, renovation and reconstruction of dilapidated areas and rehabilitation and change of use of old buildings in the inner development of the city is strongly emphasized. Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran, located in the east and northeast of the city, in recent decades has had rapid growth in terms of population and size. Due to its natural and climatic advantages (for District 4) and economic, cultural and appropriate urban services (for District 14), these areas have been considered by different groups such as the rich classes. Also, during the period, there have been various migratory groups in terms of investment, which in aspects of physical and land use, in addition to erosion, have many worn-out textures and abandoned lands. Existence of military centers with a large area of abandoned lands on the outskirts of the Islamic Azad University, Firoozeh Palace lands in the 14th district of Tehran, Lavizan marginal lands in the 4th district of Tehran, active or abandoned textures and real estates that have commercial, Industrial, military land uses etc. are very common in these areas. According to the concepts of moderate development, districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have a lot of unused spaces that can be used as potential for infill development of the area and in order to provide local services, create physical capacity for housing and so on.   Methodology The present research is a descriptive-analytical one in terms of method and also, survey method has been used to implement it. First, the data related to each index is entered into the GIS system and the initial processing (editing of descriptive layers and tables, changing the image system and geographical coordinates, etc.) is performed on them. Then, the layers have been turned to fuzzy in the GIS. Finally, for the final calculation of the priority ranges, three fuzzy operators are used: 1- Fuzzy OR; 2- Fuzzy AND; 3- Fuzzy Gamma. After determining the final weight of the criteria for identifying internal development capacities in the area of worn-out textures in the 14th and 4th districts of Tehran, an information layer was prepared for each of them in the GIS Arc software environment.   Results and discussion The results of the 14th district of Tehran show that there is a significant level of worn-out texture in this area, due to the limitations of the horizontal expansion of the city, the destruction of high quality agricultural lands as well as the existence of social, economic and environmental-physical threats in these areas, in the future by adopting and implementing appropriate strategies in the field of rehabilitation and Renovation as well as meeting the physical, functional and recreational needs of the city can be effective. So that from the 1456-hectare area of the 14th district of Tehran, the area of 192.76 hectares is composed of worn-out, inefficient and densely abandoned lands, and the rest is allocated to passages, open spaces and barren lands. Based on the prioritization of inefficient areas (abandoned and brown lands) of worn texture using the combined model GIS Fuzzy in the 14th district of Tehran, about 60.6% of the worn-out texture area (equivalent to 116.82 hectares) has high priority and very high for infill development. Calculations related to the prioritization map of inefficient and dilapidated lands in District 4 of Tehran show that the area of high and very high priority area with 92.7% of the total worn-out texture and landless lands has the highest level.   Conclusion The study and interpretation of the results of the present study shows that the worn-out textures of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran have high physical capacities for internal development, which can provide the basis for sustainable development of these areas. According to the studies and calculations made based on the construction criteria in the special design zones of worn-out texture of Districts 4 and 14 (including abandoned and worn lands), it can be said that if properly managed and the use of public participation in the revitalization of the neighbourhood, they have a high potential for the infill development of the city. Infill development of Districts 4 and 14 of Tehran is achievable in all dimensions.

Extended Abstract Introduction Natural hazards constantly expose human communities, including cities, to vulnerabilities. Therefore, flexibility becomes important with the approach of strengthening communities and vulnerability analysis. Resilience is a way to empower communities using the capacities of that community. The purpose of this method is to reduce the vulnerability of cities and strengthen the ability of citizens to deal with threats such as natural disasters. In this regard, explanations of resilience against threats are presented, which in fact recognizes the impact of all dimensions and social, economic, institutional, political and executive capacities of urban communities on increasing and identifying different dimensions of resilience in cities. In order to explain resilience, it seems important to apply a systemic approach to the role of all effective actors in a strategic framework. These strategies include the United Nations International Strategy, such as the Hyogo Framework (2005-2015) and the Sendai Framework (2030-2015). These two documents have been created and approved in order to adopt strategies to develop resilience of nations and communities against disasters and reduce the risk. Since the adoption of the Hyogo Legal Bill as an International Crisis Reduction Strategy, the main goal of risk and crisis risk reduction planning has been to focus on creating resilience in societies rather than reducing vulnerability. In the continuation the work of the Hugo Framework, in the Sendai Document with Vision 2015-2030 on improving disaster risk understanding in all its dimensions, comprehension the characteristics of risk and vulnerability, strengthening disaster risk control, disaster risk management function, readiness for better reconstruction, recognition of stakeholders and their role have been emphasized. This document emphasizes hazard risk management and focuses on the role of local communities and the responsibility of governments and public (local communities) participation. The city of Ilam has shortcomings in the field of resilience and it is necessary to know the resilience of the local community to prevent the increase of vulnerability. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes experts of crisis management and residents of Ilam neighborhoods. The statistical population in the second questionnaire includes experts which the sample size was determined by purposive sampling method and 35 people were selected as the sample. The reliability of this questionnaire was determined by using of Cronbach's alpha in SPSS (94%). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed via formal content and methods and based on the opinions of a number of experts. The statistical population in the second questionnaire includes residents aged 15 and over in Ilam neighborhoods. According to the population over 15 years of age in the neighborhoods of Ilam (145226 people), based on the Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated at 384 people. Then, through random cluster method and relative to the population of the neighborhoods, sample households were determined. In order to check the fit of the questionnaire, which includes assessing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire for residents of neighborhoods in the city of Ilam, the method of confirmatory factor analysis was used in Smart PLS software. To analyze the quantitative data, appropriate methods to the subject and research data such as one-sample t-test and t-test of two independent samples were used in SPSS 23 software. Results and discussion -The results of the expert questionnaire, which is based on a single sample t-test, show that there is a significant difference between the baseline limit (3) and the calculated value (4.52) (sig = 0.000). The difference between the baseline and the calculated value (1.52) is positive. Therefore, according to experts, observing international strategies can be effective on strengthening the resilience of Ilam city. - From the point of view of international strategies, the resilience of Ilam city against natural hazards is not desirable. -The results of the single sample t- test in order to measure the overall resilience in the sample community show: there is a significant difference between the baseline limit (3) and the calculated value (2.38) (sig = 0.000). Since the difference between the baseline limit and the calculated value is negative (-/6149), therefore, the city of Ilam does not have a suitable resilience against natural hazards. -The resilience of Ilam in five dimensions has been evaluated. The results of the single sample t- test show that there is a significant difference between baseline (3) and calculated value (sig = 0.000). According to the difference between the baseline and the calculated value is negative for all dimensions; thus, the results show that different dimensions of Ilam city do not have proper resilience against natural hazards. - The statistical results of Independent Samples Test show that the average resilience of urban marginal areas and worn-out texture is 2.3 and urban areas with new texture is 2.6. Findings indicate that t-statistic is equal to t = -2.148 and the significance level is Sig = 0.047. This means that there is a difference in resilience between worn-out and marginal textures (neighborhoods 3-5-7-7-14) with urban areas with new texture (neighborhoods 9-10). Conclusion According to the research results, the resilience situation of Ilam city is far from the desired situation and is evaluated as unfavorable. The dimensions of economic, social, institutional, natural and physical resilience are far from the desired state of resilience and tend towards vulnerability. Significant differences between the resilience of worn-out and marginal textures with urban areas with new texture indicate different levels of vulnerability in the study area. The results of the questionnaire based on experts' opinions indicate that international resilience strategies, if implemented, are effective on strengthening the resilience of local communities (Ilam). This reminds us of the use of global experiences and the need to review practical strategies in the field of urban resilience.

Extended Abstract Introduction It is important to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of crimes and provide solutions to prevent their occurrence. Golestan province is one of the main tourism hubs in Iran due to its geographical and climatic features. Therefore, the existence of security in recreation centers should be considered. One of the factors that may reduce the acceptance of tourists in resorts in the province is the occurrence of criminal behavior in these neighborhoods. These criminal behaviors reduce the security and welcome of travelers to these resorts. The high incidence of crime in the recreational areas of Gorgan, especially the Alangdareh and Naharkhoran resorts, in some hours, is one of the concerns of law enforcement and security managers that threatens attract of travelers to recreational areas. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors on the criminal behaviors in Alangdareh and Naharkhoran resorts and the strategies to prevent it. The main question of the present study is what are the effective factors on the criminal behaviors in Alangdareh and Naharkhoran resorts and the strategies to prevent these criminal behaviors? Methodology The present study in terms of purpose and the nature of the data is an applied and qualitative one, respectively. For this purpose, by studying and reviewing the files in the police station, Criminal Investigation Department and Drug Control Headquarters related to the studied areas, the necessary data were collected and analyzed. The statistical population included all cases that were formed in the police station, Criminal Investigation Department and Drug Control Headquarters due to criminal behaviors in the resorts of Gorgan in the first 9 months of 1396. Also, the community of participants related to identifying strategies to prevent the occurrence of criminal behavior, including commanders, managers and law enforcement experts and professors of sociology at universities in Golestan province which was over 60 people. Cases related to criminal behavior in Gorgan resorts amounted to 321 cases. The sampling method in this section was available randomly. The sample size was determined based on Krejcie Morgan's table of 181 files and finally it was possible to receive 185 files. For this purpose, the files were divided by month and about 15 cases were selected from each one. Also, purposeful sampling to theoretical saturation was used to select the participants of the interview section, and finally 52 people were interviewed. Validity of research data were performed based on three indicators: "transferability", "reliability audit" and "verifiability". In order to find the causes of common criminal behaviors, the available data in the files of the police station, Criminal Investigation Department and Drug Control Headquarters related to the studied areas were exerted. Semi-structured interview tools were also exploited to obtain strategies to prevent common criminal behaviors in Gorgan resorts. In order to analyze the obtained data from the semi-structured interview with the participants, the qualitative content analysis method was used with a summary approach. Results and discussion Findings showed that the most common crime in Gorgan resorts in 1396 (36.8% of all crimes) is theft. In the meantime, beatings and alcohol consumption after the theft were the most common crimes that occurred. Regarding the cause of crime, the most common cause of crime is related to financial need, which was about 9.7% (18 cases) of the total crime. Then addiction, criminal friends and psychological reasons accounted for the largest percentage of the cause of the crime. Regarding the most important cause of crime in this study, namely financial need, experts pointed to job creation, lending and skills training of teenager and young people. Regarding the prevention of crimes related to psychological disorders, the most common strategies were the allocation of funds by the government to reduce the cost of psychological treatment, culture about psychotherapy and insurance coverage of counseling services. The present study showed that the decisive approach of the police is one of the strategies to prevent crime. According to the repeat offenders' approach, a number of offenders commit the most crimes. Conclusion The decisive treatment of criminals by the police will lead to reduce the incidence of crimes by these individuals. The findings of the present study showed that the presented social prevention strategies in this study are as follows: The allocation of funds by the government to reduce the cost of psychological treatment, culture about psychotherapy and insurance coverage of counseling services, educating teenagers and families about addiction and its consequences, teaching teenagers and families about the role of friends, teaching communication skills such as the skill of saying no and creating a warm and intimate atmosphere at home to meet the emotional needs of teenagers, teaching families about intimate relationships at home and teaching them about appropriate parenting techniques, job creation, lending and skills training for teenagers and young people.