فصلنامه فرهنگ رضوی
سال نهم شماره 34 (تابستان 1400)

Debate on the meaning of dialogue between two people has long been one of the best and most effective methods of promoting and representing the facts. Hence, the debate itself requires observing the customs and conditions that if properly done, it can have positive effects and lead us to prosperity. Since the purpose of the Imams, especially in the Raḍavi culture, is to guide the people, it is therefore for us to move as a guide in the same direction, and in order not to be involved in pests, we should use Raḍavi's culture in our discussions, because he was able to explain the legitimacy of Islam and Shiite teachings with constructive thinking in debates. Therefore, the question of this study is what are the manners of debate in Raḍavi culture and how can it be applied in the modern world? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, using reliable sources and scientific explanation of data. The result of this research is that by studying Raḍavi debates, the indicators of the debate and its correct manner and conditions such as seeking and finding the truth, observing fairness, respecting and honoring the other party, tolerance and being gentle with the other party are obtained with which relying on Raḍavi culture, if the conditions and etiquette of debate are observed, it can be used in free-thinking seats.

The socio-cultural situation during the Imamate of Imam Riḍā (as) as well as his special position in relation to the government has created special conditions that require deep reflection of social scientists to analyze this period. Reflecting on the social life of that Imam provides instructive lessons for the current knowledge of social sciences to get out of the present problem, one of which is lessons for policymakers and thinkers in the field of culture. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, sought to extract the implications of Raḍavi life in cultural policy. Some of the implications of cultural policy extracted from Raḍavi life in this study are: Being with people; the basis of Islamic cultural policy; Islamic life style; principles and basis of Islamic cultural policy; innate; the starting point of cultural policy-making; attention to the necessity of policy-making for cultural models in the system of formulating Islamic cultural policy; recognizing opportunities in cultural policy; attention to both the innate and natural dimensions of man in Islamic cultural policy; cultural justice in cultural policy-making; "identification" and "symbolism" in cultural policy and ....

Sheikh Saduq has dedicated two chapters of the bookʿUyūn Akhbār al Riḍā, to the issue of 'Ismat and in each one he has narrated a narration from Imam Riḍā (as). These two narratives refer to the extent of infallibility, on a kind of relative infallibility that can be called essential infallibility. In this type of infallibility, the absolute infallibility of the prophets from committing any sin, error, mistake and forgetfulness in what is related to the message of prophethood and their mission is emphasized before and after prophethood, while at the same time, the possibility of inadvertence and error in unrelated affairs to his prophethood has been accepted even before infallibility. Although this position differs from that of most Shiite scholars who believe in absolute infallibility, however, according to some features of two narratives, such as explicitly explaining the scope of infallibility and providing an esoteric interpretation of the apparent verses on the sin and error of the prophets, with more certainty can be signified as the view approved by Imam Riḍā (as). Essential infallibility is not incompatible with the rational reasons of infallibility and is more compatible with numerous Qur'anic, narrative and historical evidences.

One of the topics considered by the Imams (as) due to the type of Quranic approach and due to the deviations that occurred after the demise of the Prophet (pbuh), was the doctrinal issues, especially monotheism and related issues. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the narrations of Imam Riḍā (as) on the subject of monotheism from the book Uyun by the method of quantitative-qualitative content analysis in order to clarify what principles Imam (as) has relied on in answering monotheistic questions and what path he has taken in explaining and proving monotheism. The results of this study show that Imam (as) at the same time encouraging people to know God and explaining the possibility, importance, tools, factors and the main basis of cognition, with two important orientations, explains monotheism: 1. Introducing the attributes of imperfection in human beings and denying it from God Almighty. In this section, Imam (as) focuses on denying the incarnation and vision of God and predestination. 2. Introducing the divine names and its difference with the attributes of perfection in human beings, in this section, Imam (as) while introducing the names of God and explaining it, has emphasized and explained the three characteristics of knowledge, will and power about God Almighty.

Coherence is a semantic concept that refers to the semantic relationships in the text and distinguishes it as a text from non-text. Coherence is divided into three categories: grammatical, lexical and conjunctive. This study examines the coherent elements of the text based on the theory of Michael Halliday and Roghayeh Hassan in the Ghadīrīyeh Sermon of Imam Riḍā (as). According to this theory, what makes the text cohesive and unified and distinguishes it from scattered and fragmented writings is the factor of coherence. In this article, based on descriptive-analytical method and by drawing diagrams, lexical factors of text coherence, such as (homogeneity, contradiction, grammatical coherence and similar observance) and repetition (words and phrases) were extracted from the text of Ghadīrīyeh Sermon and analyzed by giving examples. The result is that the factors of coherence in the text of the sermon have been observed and have made it more coherent and continuous. What has made the text of the sermon coherent is not merely the observance of the principle of coherence; rather, it is due to the inner harmony between the layers of the text of the sermon, which arises from the deep understanding of the speaker and the understanding beyond the relations between words, as well as the power of literary creation and blowing the soul into the body of words; something that, if done correctly, has led to the resurrection of words.

The position of the sayings of the Infallible Imams (as) which, according to the text of the successive Ḥadīth Thaqalayn, are considered equal to the Holy Qur'an, is very honorable. The poems of those Imams also have a special value in their place. Identifying the verses that are composed by those great people and the verses attributed to them requires research. In the meantime, the poems of Imam Riḍā (as) become doubly important according to the socio-political status of that Imam and theological issues in those days. In this research, all the poems of that Imam, including his own poems and the attributed verses or verses that the Imam has represented or witnessed, have been mentioned, and then, according to various evidences and referring to all available sources, the poems of that Imam, which often have wise content, have been identified in the oldest sources, and then it has been translated into fluent Persian by stating their poetic prosody.

Citizenship is a universal concept that has various political, economic, social, cultural and civil dimensions and can be extended to all age and gender groups. Children, as an important part of society, also have special rights that are reflected in international documents in the form of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this regard, we can mention some aspects of children's rights in Islam in the form of citizenship rights. The main purpose of this article is to study the components and elements of children's citizenship rights in the Razavi life. The question is what are the examples and components of children's citizenship rights in the Razavi character? This study shows the rights of children, including health in the form of principles of nutrition and personal and family health, providing peace and comfort at home, religion-centered and emphasizing the spiritual and religious aspects in raising children, educating children rationally, kind behavior combined with friendship and love, all of them can be seen in the practical life and hadiths narrated from Imam Riḍā (as). The emphasis of the Razavi tradition on the special rights of children is considered a model for the rights of Islamic citizenship, which can also be proposed in the form of legally binding documents.