مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 59، صیف 2021)

Comprehension is a mental process and its goal is to achieve the meaning of the text. This process is intertwined with several other sub-processes through which the reader understands the meaning and interprets the material according to their cognitive background and experiences. To improve comprehension skills, one must pay attention to the strategies used in language teaching and learning, because teaching methods are shaped by teaching strategies. The goal of the "reciprocal teaching" strategy is to develop the "comprehension" skills of Arabic learners, including students. Research is trying to find the answer to this question. To what extent has the application of the Reciprocal Teaching strategy been effective in improving the comprehension skills of Arabic language learners? This research has been done in a quasi-experimental way and in the process, pre-test and posttest have been used. The statistical population includes 60 female students of Imam Sadegh (AS) University of Tehran in the academic year 1397-1398 who are randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of 30 students, then the strategy of "reciprocal teaching" was implemented in the experimental group and the traditional method was implemented in the control group. After reviewing the data using appropriate statistical methods and SPSS statistical software, the results showed that the members of the experimental group (who studied according to the reciprocal teaching strategy) scored better than the members of the control group (who studied according to the traditional method). Suggestions for future research have been made, including the use of the reciprocal teaching strategy in teaching comprehension of specialized Arabic texts to non-Arabic speakers.

Al-Buḥturī, the well-known Abbasid era poet (897 AD.) recited a poem on the occasion of the inauguration of a palace named "Kāmel" and the comedown of the Abbasid caliph ،al-Mu‘tazz bi-’llāh in Nowruz. In this poem he praised the caliph and described the palace. He used the Kāmel metre (Baḥr al-Kāmel) for his poem to match it with the name of the palace. What impressive is that, now there is nothing left behind except the exact descriptions of al-Buḥturī. In this analytic study which is based on the various statistics we tried to review the semiotics of perfection and moderation in the poem whether their use was intentional or unintentional. We concluded that the poet, intentionally, used the Kāmel metre for his poem in order to relate it to the name of the palace. By this, the poet wanted to prove to the history that the palace that he made with his Kāmel metre and other clear and hidden semiotics is more indelible than the palace that the architects of that time built for the caliph.

After the establishment of the great Islamic governments in the 14th century, due to Arabs’ acquaintance with the Sasanian empire and their desire to use the Sasanian’s experience in the field of administrative structure, these Islamic governments began hiring Iranian officials who were proficient in Arabic as state scribes and epistlers. In addition, the need for educating state scholars became evident. Accordingly, Iranian scholars such as Ibn Qutaybah Dinawari (213-276 AH), Abd al-Rahman Hamedani (?-327 AH), and Tha'ālibī Neyshabouri (350-429 AH) embarked on writing books Adab al-katib, Al-alfaz al-kitabi-e, and Feq-h al-loqat wa Asrar alArabi-e to train and educate scribes/clerks. This could be considered as teaching Arabic in a practical way and for specific purposes, and considering the era, it could be regarded an advanced method of teaching. The present study has made an attempt to identify the chosen linguistic subjects using a descriptive-historical and content analysis (quantitative and qualitative) design and has measured their quantitative ratio in three teaching packages based on their statistical data. Each of the three packages contained: terminology, orthography, correcting pronunciation errors, familiarity with the morphology of the verbs and names based on semantics and with some practical subjects of syntax and rhetoric. Based on the statistical analysis, each package included 81% terminology in the essential and practical instructions on Arabic. Respectively, the rest of teaching materials in each package was consisted of 13% grammar and 6% rhetoric. However, the grammar subjects were prevalent in the first package. The second and third packages contained 100% and 85% vocabulary subjects, respectively.

Critiquing and analyzing a journals’ articles are a great way to improve the overall quality of a scientific research, and, in this way, determining its conformity to the latest article writing format and research methodology. To analyze papers written on story published in the journal of Iranian Association of Arabic Language and Literature, this study was conducted using a quantitative content-based analysis methodology. Information was first gathered using a questionnaire, and then transformed into quantitative data with the aid of descriptive statistics and Excel software. The questionnaire used mainly focused on the seven main sections of title, abstract, introduction, method, body, results, and references. Analyzing 46 articles on story published in the journal of Iranian Association of Arabic Language and Literature revealed that titles were indicative of the characteristics of the subject, and complied with the features of a good article title. Abstracts had three main sections of stating the problem, conclusion, and key words. Provision of examples and the correspondence of content with title was a good feature of the articles’ body section. However, overlooking the proper conventions of writing research introduction, not adhering to a certain methodology, weak theoretical frameworks, mainly referencing to books, and reliance on secondary and trivial sources, were the major weaknesses of these articles; avoiding which would help approximating the quality of articles to the new standard format of writing a research paper.

The novel Al-Qaws and Al-Farasha (The Arch and the butterfly) written by Mohammed Achaari a Moroccan politician, novelist and journalist was the winner of the international prize of the Arabic fiction in 2011 commonly with Raja’a Alem Saudi novelist. The author has portrayed the social problems of the Moroccan community including terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism, land grabbing and antique smuggling. Studying the novel based on Genetic structuralism reveals that the worldview in the novel belongs to the class of intellectual leftist wings with the author was one of them for years. And it appears protest and in struggle against terrorism, Islamic fundamentalism the gangs of real estate, land grabbing and financial collusions. Yousef the main character in the novel is a leftist fighter and journalist and he is a sample of problematic hero according to Goldmann’s theory. Who is disappointed, angry and protestant because of death of his son as a member of Al-Qedah, dwindle of the left values and social and economic problems in Moroccan community.

Attachment to the neighborhood is a psychological component that indicates a positive mental feeling of people towards their neighborhood. This feeling, which arises from the emotional, cognitive and behavioral links with the place, causes the residents to commit to the place of residence and their desire to maintain contact with it over time and at different stages of life.Mahalla is one of the prominent and pivotal places of the Arabic novel, which has a significant presence in the noble novels of Mahfouz, including his novel "Khan al-Khalili"; And it is considered as a vital artery in which the characters of the novel travel and in some cases even leads to the evolution of events in the structure of the novel.This research intends to explore the effective indicators in creating attachment or non-attachment to the neighborhood in this novel in a descriptive-analytical way and relying on the approach of environmental psychology which has a special view on the interrelationship between man and place. Give.The results show that attachment to the neighborhood in the novel "Khan al-Khalili" is done in the light of psychological, moral, ideological and biographical characteristics.It is worth mentioning that the psychological index plays a more prominent role in creating attachment or non-attachment of characters to the neighborhood.

During 20th century narrative science expanded due to the structuralism development. One of the most important theories regarding time and narration is that of Gérard Genette. The present paper aims to study three narrative levels (hypodiegetic,intradiegetic, metadiegetic story, tale narration) based on Gérard Genette 's perspective. It also aims to find factors such as tense, mood and voice responsible for keeping these three levels in coordination with each other throughout Buhturi 's Eyvan-E Mada'en ballade. Selecting only salient events or narrative citations of them, Buhturi did not follow a chronological order of events in his work. the main tense element is homodigetic analepsis Bahtari has narrated the first 13 verses of the poem with negative acceleration, delay and omission with introduction and for further absorption and reflection, and in the rest of the verses he has narrated his long period of time with positive acceleration and omissionAnd in the meantime With selecting certain events and perspectives, he narrated these events and made them highlighted with more pauses. This is due to the poet s ideology, discourse, and also his love for Iran. Frequency used in his narrations is that of Repetitive and iterative frequency. Buhturi 's narration view is an omniscient narrator (zero focalization). His descriptions are alive. The narrator is the first person and his distance with the story is great which is intensified with the detailed descriptions the poet makes. This ballade is in fact a sort of external monologue in a past tense. The scope of the text is related to the period of decline and collapse of the remains of the Sassanid palace, but the narrator's retrospectives represent events that are related to before the beginning of the main time of the story and the technique of breaking the trajectory of time to reconsider and recall the peak of greatness Sassanid times have been used. In this research, we have tried to analyze the role and position of the element of time in a Buhturi's ballade based on Genet's theory, the most prominent theorist of narrative time. Different uses of the element of time have had a great impact on the content of the narration and is one of the main factors in creating attractiveness and delay in his narration.This study has been conducted with a library research method.

Body language (body language) is one of the important components of branches such as philosophy and psychology that has found its way into fiction and even poetic literature and has semantic and semiotic functions that play an important role in shaping and strengthening fictional elements. Palestinian-born author Rabi al-Madhoon is the winner of the prestigious 2016 Arabic Poker Award, which uses a variety of body language and nonverbal cues in his novel, in addition to the use of speech. The present article has tried to study the elements of non-verbal communication and explain their function in understanding the word and help characterization in this novel by using the semiotic method. The results show that Al-Madhoon has used a total of 145 non-verbal cues, of which 130 have a substitution function, 14 complementary and 1 control, and are mostly expressed in the form of parazban. He also combines themes such as anxiety, sadness, happiness, interest, thinking and surprise in a small novel. Al-Mahdoon has tried to characterize using non-verbal elements; As an example, he uses these elements to describe Julie as a kind and compassionate person to her mother who has a strong interest in the land of Acre. Mahmoud Dehman is a resilient figure who has fought against the occupying regime in Jerusalem.