مجله دراسات حدیثه فی نهج البلاغه
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Man's attitude and vision towards the world affects the materialistic and spiritual dimensions of his life and has a fundamental function in his tendencies and actions. One of the notable sources to obtain the correct insight, is the statements of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj-ul-Balagha; because his words, without any obligation and using literature and figures of speech, seeks to provide abstract images such as the concept of the world. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and in order to investigate the prominent cases of simile, metaphor and irony of “the world” in Nahj-ul-Balagha, seeks to analyze the rhetorical depictions of Imam Ali (pbuh) of the world. According to the results of the research, based on recognizing the taste of the human species that tends to be dependent on the world, Imam, by using simple creatures and events that are accessible to the audience, excites people's literary taste with rhetorical illustrations; and calls their minds free from prejudice and biased attitudes to think about adopting the right vision, inclination, and action about the world.According to the results of the research, based on recognizing the taste of the human species that tends to be dependent on the world, Imam, by using simple creatures and events that are accessible to the audience, excites people's literary taste with rhetorical illustrations; and calls their minds free from prejudice and biased attitudes to think about adopting the right vision, inclination, and action about the world.

One of the most controversial issues among Muslim thinkers, especially in recent decades, has been the question of the legitimacy of government and its relationship to religion which in response, some believe that religion, despite interfering in politics, has nothing to do with government and the legitimacy of government is not an issue to which religion has responded. Contrary to other scholars who believe that religion also views the government and addresses the issue of government legitimacy, the present article, by analyzing the origin of government legitimacy as the main point of intersection of religion and government, seeks to prove the hypothesis that at this point the involvement of religion is not complete; religion and government have something in common at this point, so that the non-religious aspect prevails over the religious aspect. For this reason, by focusing on Nahj al-Balagha as the best source of narration for research in this field and with the method of hadith jurisprudence and the use of historical evidence and assuming the involvement of religion in politics, it has cited the most valid evidence inferred from Nahj al-Balagha and has found Amir al-Mu'minin Ali's definitive conduct indicative of the dual divine-democracy legitimacy of the government with the dominance of the democratic dimension.

Tolerance is one of the superior characteristics of man that God Almighty has introduced this characteristic in the Holy Quran as his blessing and kindness. The purpose and necessity of this research is to introduce the model of tolerance and the manner of that Imam for political, social and military statesmen. The present study focuses on the analytical subject of an example of political and military tolerance in the life of Imam Ali (AS), which has been used by collecting information from the method of filing and studying library and descriptive analytical sources. The achievements and results of this research in the examples of tolerance are: His tolerance with the caliphs before him such as consulting in political and military affairs, mediation and examples of his tolerance against the opponents of the government (Companions, Safin and Kharijites) such as not starting the war, not pursuing Fugitives are not killing prisoners and so on.

"Rules of interpretation" is one of the branches of Quranic sciences and the root of inference and the criterion for selecting the correct interpretive point of view. The interpretive rule of "Jerry and adaptation" is a rational method and arises from the interpretive teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt.The main question of the present article, which has been written by descriptive, analytical, problem-oriented and library methods, is to explore the application of the above rule in the text of Nahj al-Balaghah and that Amir al-Mu'minin In Nahj al-Balaghah, the commentary of the Prophet in Nahj al-Balaghah, in what cases has he used different types of "Jari Quran", so that finally, it is a research movement in strengthening and supporting the above rule and consolidating the interpretive method of Ahl-al-Bayt. The special achievement and innovation of the present article is that with the "example of digging" done in the text of Nahj al-Balaghah, the application of the above rule, eighteen cases - in twelve cases, the same verse of the Qur'an, and in six cases the verse in the form of quotation meaning and Has taken the theme or similar text of the verse to itself, of which, five cases to "the appearance of the Qur'an" with emphasis on the dignity of the revelation and context of the verse; And six cases to the "appearance of the Qur'an" with a fragment of the context of the verse; And the remaining seven items are dedicated to the "inner core of the Qur'an".

The word Islam and its derivatives are among the most important words mentioned in pre-Islamic poetry, in The Noble Qur’an, and in the Nahj al-Balagha, where each of the three sources dealt with the word and its derivatives, as its use may be shared in the three sources and may differ. The researcher tried during the lines that are in your hands to put the light on the root of "Salam (Peace)" and its various derivatives through a descriptive analytical method and to clarify the significance of the word and its derivatives in the three mentioned sources, to record its semantic changes. The results of the study indicate that the root of "Salam (Peace)" in the pre-Islamic era had a material connotation, while this indication in the Holy Qur’an and the Nahj al-Balagha - as well as the physical connotation - were characterized by religious connotations highlighted by the researcher during the article, including the word Islam in the sense of that inclusive religion that all the prophets brought from the creation of Adam to the religion of Khatam an-Nabiyyin ,the Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, then in the sense of absolute submission to take command from God Almighty, that submission which applies to all living and non-living beings while it does not go beyond what God Almighty has planned since the creation of the beings, and does not exceed what has assigned to that beings and the other meanings that the researcher showed as much as she could.

One of the important approaches in literary research is the patterning of one text from another. Nowadays, this type of research is called intertextuality or relationship. This relationship shows that some self-conscious or unconscious texts have used other texts and intends to state that every text and speaker is influenced by other texts and speakers, formerly or simultaneously, and consciously or unconsciously from Their words and thoughts have benefited. The present article deals with the intertextual relationship between the two texts of the Qur'an and Nahj-ul-Balaghah. The Qur'an is a hidden or absent text and Nahj-ul-Balaghah is the present text. The author intends to clarify the depth and depth of the connection between these two texts and to reveal the manifestation of the luminosity of the word of revelation in the words of Imam Ali (AS). This research will examine the relationship between the intertextuality of the Qur'an and Sermon 109 of Nahj-ul-Balaghah in the field of divine names and attributes in a descriptive, analytical, and comparative manner, and then determines the different types of intertextuality, including abrogation, retribution, and apostleship. The results of this study show that the most influential words of that Imam from the Qur'an belong to the intertextual relationship of incomplete repercussions and parallel negation, almost to the same extent, and the use of general negation with a minimum number and complete repudiation has not been used.Keywords: Quran - Nahj-ul-Balaghah - Sermon 109- Divine names and attributes – Intertextuality.

Nahj-ul-Balagha is a collection of the most indispensable Islamic topics and teachings, one of the most exquisite sacred texts and the principle of humanization, and as a reliable source in the geometry of knowledge of religion comprises the speech and excerpts of Ali (AS). It has artistically been expressed in the best words and has attracted the attention of many writers, poets, and writers including Nasif al-Yaziji. The present paper scrutinizes the impact of Nahj-ul-Balaghah on the Aphoristic poems of Nasif al-Yaziji. Yaziji is one of the most celebrated contemporary Arab poets and one of the two true pioneers of the Arab literary movement, who has benefitted from Nahj-ul-Balaghah to produce novel products in the world of words. Despite his inclination towards Christianity, he is one of the poets who had a thorough knowledge of the high concepts of Nahj-ul-Balaghah and used its themes to a great extent. The present study has been carried out via analytical-descriptive method by extracting evidence from Nahj-ul-Balaghah and Yaziji’s Divan and then analyzing between them. The results reveal that the main core of the poet's Aphoristic poems was Nahj-ul-Balaghah and he utilized its clear source. As a result, Yaziji’s Divan includes moral issues, sermons, and advices. Yaziji’s maximum level of impact from Imam Ali’s words in Nahj-ul-Balaghah was in such a way that he extracted the content from Imam's words and recreated them in his poems.

The last world and related concepts to the resurrection are a complex issue that can be understood through conceptual metaphors and with the help of tangible and repetitive experiences; Such statements have been widely used in Nahj-ul-Balagha. This article follows the mentioned subject using cognitive linguistics and with the approach of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson regarding metaphors. The results of this study demonstrate that most of conceptual domains of this world that are in the mapping of the afterlife are: travel (67), human and human characteristics (43), trade (13), war (7), And finally animals and animal characteristics (4). In addition to these macro-conceptual domains, there is a network of micro metaphorical concepts that highlight the specific features of concept of destination and displayed them to the audiences. Each of these metaphors is applied in proportion to the purpose and the requirement of audience’s status. Thus, it provides various perspectives of the afterlife.

The discussion of divine attributes considered as one of the important philosophical and theological topics. There are various views among Islamic thinkers about divine attributes. Among Islamic narrations, the words of Imam Ali (AS) are of great importance and value. In the present article, the words of Imam Ali (AS) in the first sermon of Nahj-ul-Balagha has been expressed in descriptive-analytical methods and the rational approach of Imam (AS) in explaining and proving the divine attributes has been extracted. In the end, has been concluded that he has used the adjective "God is infinite" in proving the positive attributes and the adjective "the limitation of creatures" in denying the negative attributes. Also, in some cases, by using the rule of "knowing things with their opposite", they have proved the opposite of the attributes of creatures to God. The most important attributes that Imam Ali (AS) has explained are:"Absence of composition in God", "Monotheism", "Sincerity or denial of superfluous attributes", "Being old", "Creator without need of tools", "Aware", "Unique", "Knowledge before creation", "Creator without need of "Pattern", "Creator without the need to think", "Surrounding beings", "Knowledge of beings".

The context of issuing hadiths (traditions) refers to the cultural, political and social conditions of the society at the time of narration, and considering that a significant part of the traditions of the infallible Imams are based upon the needs of individuals or society of their time, coming to terms with the reason for their statements has a huge role in understanding their discourse. In the meantime, sermons will be more important in this case because they are based upon the requirements of the time and the thoughts of theologians. This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach and a library collection method to examine the reasons for the general issuance of sermons on the social ethics of the Islamic society in Nahj-ul-Balagha and based on the analysis of the text of sermons and the history and manners of Imam Ali has examined the reason for issuing sermons. The findings of the research indicate that Imam Ali in his sermons paid more attention to four central issues. The revival of morals and thoughts of the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah), including ethnic and tribal prejudices, worldliness and ignorance of death and the hereafter by the people, forgetting the role and position of the Ahl al-Bayt in Islamic society and expressing the social morality of rulers and people are the four main axes in sermons. Also, based upon the needs of the society and the prevailing moral and social atmosphere, Imam Ali, in order to rectify and modify these components and guide the people on each of the above-mentioned issues, included special speeches in his sermons. The statistical community of each of the components in Nahj-ul-Balagha as a clear example of the words of the Amir al-Mu’minin can be considered an apt sign for the extent of his tribute to them.

Undoubtedly, the words of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali, due to the use of the attractions of the words, the meanings and the structural cohesion, have enjoyed great importance after the Holy Qur'an. And as part of Hadith as the second source of the religion of Islam, everyone is at the center of attention. Among his sermons, the sermon is due to the broadness of the concepts, the emphasis on the most important and sensitive issues of the time, as well as the objection in particular among the Muslims, is of particular importance Which seems to have important and useful functions for Islamic societies today. Since the analysis and examination of religious texts and the achievement of their deep themes requires the use of text-based interdisciplinary research methods, in this research, using content analysis method, it has been tried to extract the main and secondary themes the sermon and its geometric structure. The type of Imam's look, explain the historical issues and how to learn from them, and draw a pattern for it. The classification of different species of learning from historical events with an example, along with the explanation of the benefits and outcomes of learning history, is part of the findings of this study, which will help the Muslims to further benefit from historical sources.

Although modern philosophy, biology, and psychology have expressed points on the gender-based differences of women and men, these teachings cannot explain all aspects of these differences and their functions. Therefore, since the gender-based difference between women and men and its educational functions have been emphasized in religious teachings – especially those of Nahj-ul-Balagha – it is necessary to review and re-explain this issue based on these resources. To this end, this article rereads the gender-based difference between women and men and its educational functions based on Islamic knowledge, especially that of Nahj-ul-Balagha, and gives in a new interpretation of it. The findings indicate that women are different from men in three arenas, namely physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects. Moreover, these three sets of differences manifest different and diverse educational functions in women, including functions related to beauty and softness, appropriate occupation, fineness and art, sympathy and peacefulness, excitement, kindness, wisdom, and social collaboration.