Modern Medical Laboratory Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2018

Infectious agents cause 15-20% of cancers worldwide. The infectious agents and contamination may be caused by a local chronic and advanced local inflammatory response, or by tumorization. Mycoplasma contamination can interfere with biological agents and cause DNA damage which affects gene expression, and disrupts the control of cell cycle inspection and apoptotic responses. Mycoplasmas are widely distributed in nature; some mycoplasmas have the ability to penetrate into the cell and cause severe disease. Most mycoplasmas are known to infect the cell culture media, which is difficult to detect and contaminate. M. hyorhinis is one of the causes of Mycoplasma contamination in tissues samples from cancer patients. Mycoplasma is related with human cancers and several other human diseases. Several studies have shown that the potential role of M. hyorhinis includes esophageal, gastric, lung, breast, glioma, colon, and prostate cancers. The prevalence of M hyorhinis in various tissues leads to cancer progression. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to this mycoplasma agent in order to control and understand its mechanism.

Clearing is an important step in the preparation of histological sections, that removes alcohol and other dehydrants from tissues prior to infiltration of the embedding material (usually paraffin wax).Different types of clearing agents are chloroform, Xylene, Toluene, Paraffin, Methyl benzoate and methyl salicylate & Citrus fruit oils.The commonly used clearing agent is xylene that is miscible with both alcohol & parrafin wax. Xylene is supposed to be highly toxic and carcinogenic. As previous research studies have shown the effectiveness of different vegetable oils as clearants, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of coconut oil.

Two equal halves of 25 oral soft tissue specimens were processed simultaneously in xylene and coconut oil as clearing agents. The Xylene‑treated specimens (XY‑S) and Coconut oil–treated specimens (CO‑S) were checked for gross and histological features and comparison was done between the two groups.

Significant shrinkage was noted in XY‑S compared to that in CO‑S. No difference was found in either of the sections when checked for cellular details and staining quality. Morphometrically, there was significant reduction in the mean cell area in XY‑S compared to that in CO‑S.

Coconut oil may be substituted for the highly hazardous xylene as a clearing agent without compromising the quality of histological details.

Mycoplasma muris (M.M) is a small pathogenic bacterium that lives in the female mouse genital tract. Mycoplasma muris may have harmful effects on the reproductive health of female. This research was performed to optimize the detection of M. muris in NIH mice in the Department of Animal Breeding, Razi Vaccine and Research Institute, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 29 vaginal samples of NIH mice were selected through simple random sampling. For detection of the mycoplasma, the vaginal tissue removal of samples was done. First, samples were crushed using mortar and pestle with PBS 1ml, then were cultured in the PPLO broth and incubated at 37°C for 24h, they were passed through 0.45 μm pore-size filters and inoculated into specific PPLO broth and agar media for 3-4 weeks. In the next section, the PCR test was used with primers of 16S rRNA gene of M. muris. From 29 tested samples, 17.24% samples were positive for M. muris by PCR method, while 35.93% cultures showed positive. The phylogenetic analysis indicated a new strain of M. muris. The results of culture and PCR methods displayed the contamination in NIH mice. Therefore, Therefore, more researches are needed regarding the presence of mycoplasma for treatment and clinical signs.

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body that is responsible for more than 500 vital functions, including biosynthesis of major plasma proteins, immunity against infectious pathogens, balancing energy metabolism and xenobiotics biotransformation (1). One of the main functions of the liver is an important role in drug metabolism (2). Since developing new drug compounds into market have faced many challenges such as safety, efficacy and high costs as well, using preclinical drug screening tests are necessary to eliminate false leads (3). Therefore, availability of a suitable and convenient model is crucial to predict drug toxicity.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may be offered as an unlimited cell source for the hepatocyte generation. The generation of hepatocytes from stem cells in vitro would provide an alternative cell source for applications in drug discovery and cell transplantation. In this review, we discuss different approaches to generate pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, advantages, limitations for each method and finally, how three-dimensional (3D) strategy can improve the maturation of PSCs -derived hepatocytes.