Modern Medical Laboratory Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2020

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth main cause of cancer death worldwide. Important genes associated with esophageal cancer include FOXO3, AKT, and GSK3β. Excessive FOXO3 expression inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. The expression of AKT is involved in controlling cell growth in tumors. GSK3β activity is higher in cancer tissues. Given the effective role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and metastasis of cancer, targeting CSCs seems to be a viable option. Various biomarkers such as CD markers are used to separate CSCs from other cells. Another way to separate CSCs is to use serum-free suspension culture. In the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin with the E-cadherin membrane forms a complex that causes cell adhesion. Using the genes, signaling pathways, and inhibitors such as Wnt, Notch, YAP1, and Hedgehog inhibitors involved in this cancer and isolating CSCs can be considered as effective options for therapeutic purposes.

We evaluated the most common indices to compare their sensitivity and specificity to introduce the most sensitive and specific index. We systematically searched five international indexing databases up to Dec 2018. For each index, we measured the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), as well as summary ROC (SROC) curve which was used to compare the performance of each index. Deeks̕ tests of all discriminant indices indicated that there is no potential publication bias. The area under curves (AUCs) of all discriminant indices indicate overall good differential performance. The M/H ratio index was more sensitive and specific compared to other studied indices. In this meta-analysis, the M/H ratio index was more potential to discriminate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) from thalassemia trait. However, we cannot use this index alone to achieve the final diagnosis. The capability of this index to discriminate IDA from thalassemia trait must be used alongside with the common laboratory procedure to ensure the final differentiation.

Salmonella typhi is one of the major challenges for the human and animal health. Salmonella with high pathogenicity can be harmful factor for human health. The control of this pathogen is a big challenge as it can cause serious infectious diseases such as gastroenteritis, septicemia and typhoid fever. On the other side, there are many factors such as toxin-antitoxin (TA) system which may be a regulator for the virulence factors in bacteria. The TA system as a potent target for antimicrobial therapy is very important in this bacterium. Therefore, bioinformatics analyses are essential for identification of the potent TA loci. This system is potency for the antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we focused on the TA system as a regulon for the pathogenicity of Salmonella typhi.

We analyzed the potent TA loci and assume the review of these potent TA loci can help us in the next experimental studies. We used RASTA (RASTA-Bacteria: a web-based tool for identifying toxin-antitoxin loci in prokaryotes) database and after that we analyzed TA system in all of the scores. Finally, all of the known and unknown TA loci were identified. 

By scrutiny different scores and excavate potent TA loci in Salmonella typhi, we were able to discover significant potent TA loci. We discovered several loci in scores 70-80%. In other hand, the potent TA loci were significant in scores 90-100%. A significant number of potent TA loci were discovered on this score. It is interesting that hth-xre exists in most scores and finally the highest number is compared to the other unknown potent TA loci in both strains of Salmonella typhi.

By studying all the scores in two different strains of Salmonella typhi including P_stx_12_uid87001 and Ty21a_uid201427, hth-xre was shown in both strains as an unknown TA system which can be a great help for bioinformatics and experimental studies. Finally; we identified the potent TA loci in different Salmonella typhi strains

Cells that make up the bodychr('39')s tissues are usually three-dimensional architecture, the threedimensional culture system enables cells to create natural and in vivo interactions which is an ideal environment for 3D (Three-dimensional) cell growth and issues such as exchange of similar food exchanges inside Capillary in living tissue. In tissue engineering discussion, cell scaffolding is highly important and is used for tissue implantation, which will eventually dissolve or demolish after applying to the body. Bone formation can occur via two separate pathways, within the cartilaginous and within the membrane. The vascular endothelial growth factor is a key regulator of angiogenesis. The combination of osteoactivity is a major parameter in the engineering structures and the function of the bones and osteoblasts is very important in maintaining and repairing bone in the laboratory conditions. Also, in this study, we investigated transcription factors, epigenetic reforms, miRNAs, and Sox family in tissue engineering. Between transcription factors, TLXchr('39')s core receiver is essential for maintaining neural stem cells and NCSs reviver. Epigenetic reforms maybe a major factor that links genetic and environmental factors to the risk of osteoporosis. Micro-RNAs regulate bone and chondrogenic differentiation by targeting important transcription factors and relative pathways during skeleton maturation. The members of the Sox family interact in a wide range of cellular tissues and thus create a variety of effects on cellular metabolism.

It is conceivable that caffeine consumption would induce gonadal changes. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of embryonic caffeine exposure on rat testis and prostate.

Female rats were divided into (n=7): A control, only received drinking water. B and C groups received caffeine low dose (26 mg/kg) and high dose (45 mg/kg) respectively via drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Structural changes in testis and prostate were studied by using stereological methods at 21, 60 and120 days of postnatal development.

Our result showed decreases in body and testis weight of offspring of group C compared to other groups at all ages (P< 0.05). The Testis volume showed significant differences between the offspring of both experimental groups and control at days 21, 60 and 120 (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the number of sperm cells of offspring of experimental groups compared to the control group in different ages (P<0.05). The number of sertoli, spermatocyte and spermatid cells of offspring in group C showed a significant decrease compared with other groups at all days (P<0.01). The number of spermatogonia cells in group C offspring showed a significant decrease compared to the control group at different days (P<0.05). The mean Johnsen score decreased in offspring of group C compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Results showed that maternal caffeine consumption altered the structure of testis and prostate gland and spermatogenesis of offspring in adulthood