International Journal of Nutrition Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Sep 2021

Multiple functions in our body require vitamin D and magnesium. Magnesium acts as a co-factor along with more than 600 enzymes, including enzymes that activate and inactivate vitamin D. In recent years, with the increase in consumption of processed foods, the consumption of magnesium has decreased. Magnesium defciency can be associated with abnormal vitamin D function. Magnesium acts as a co-factor in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D. In addition, magnesium is required for the binding of vitamin D to its transporter protein and the expression of vitamin D receptors for cellular effects. On the other hand, vitamin D can affect the state of magnesium in the body. In this way, activated vitamin D in turn can increase the intestinal absorption of magnesium. Dysregulation in any of these nutrients can be associated with various disorders such as skeletal abnormalities, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic syndrome. It seems that considering magnesium along with vitamin D is a good approach to improve the function of vitamin D in the body.

Diversity in food consumption is a qualitative measure in food consumption and illustrates the household access to various types of food and is also an indicator of the quality of consumed food. The consumption of a variety of foods is expected to fulfll all the nutrients needed in everyday life, and is an important factor to determine the nutritional status. Nutritional problems experienced by children under fve years old (toddlers) are the impact of malnutrition in everyday life of these children. The effect of nutrient defciency due to low food variation was shown to cause low birth weight, under-nutrition, malnutrition, stunting and various other nutritional problems. So this review aimed to describe the relationship between dietary diversity and nutritional status in children under five years old in Indonesia.

Renal stone is a multifactorial disease with major risk factors of genetic, demographic, environmental, diet, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to determine the role of diet in renal stone disease and to identify the disease risk factors. A case control study was conducted among renal stone patients attending a tertiary hospital, East Delhi, India. Data collection was done using a questionnaire for demographic profle and food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, oxalate, fber, and salts were determined between cases and controls. The mean age was 34.4 years and the median energy intake was 1176.43 kcal/day. Daily median consumption of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and fber among patients with renal stone was 233.96, 47.20, 10.16, and 6.37 g, respectively. Almost 90% of patients had calcium intake of overweight patients and the protein, potassium, and calcium consumption was higher among males. The daily intake of dietary components was widely distributed in renal stone patients. No clear trends were defned. Intake of calcium and water was less among patients. Further dietary interventional studies among the population with diverse dietary patterns can provide more evidence.

Strawberries contain high level of antioxidants and polyphenols, especially anthocyanins as powerful antioxidants. These ingredients can recover insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and pancreatic beta-cell function, which can affect blood sugar levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of strawberry juice in recovering insulin resistance in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indicators. In an experimental study, 21 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of Wistar strain were enrolled and received streptozotocin and nicotinamide to induce DM. They were divided into groups of P1 as negative control group in absence of any treatment, P2 as positive control group that were given metformin HCl (0.9 mg/Kg BW/day), and P3 as intervention group receiving strawberry juice (3.6 mL/200 g BW/day) for 14 days. The HOMA-IR level was determined for all groups and compared. HOMA-IR level in P1 was 8.32±0.26, in P2 was 4.89±0.29, and in P3 was 5.16±0.20. Among groups, prior to treatment, there were no signifcant differences (p =0.66). A signifcant decrease was noted in HOMA-IR in P2 group (-3.75±0.09; p <0.001) and P3 group (-3.26±0.12; p <0.001), while in P1 group was not signifcant (0.03±0.12; p =0.46). Strawberry fruit like metformin was effective in reducing HOMA-IR in rat model of T2DM, when administered alone.

Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in addition to increase in the oxidative stress can alter mitochondrial function. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of training with coriander seed consumption on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers in the lung tissue of rats exposed to H2O2. Thirty-five rats were divided into 7 groups, including (i) saline healthy control, (ii) saline toxic control, (iii) coriander toxic control (500 mg/kg), (iv) coriander toxic control (1000 mg/kg), (v) coriander toxic training (500 mg/kg), (vi) coriander toxic training (1000 mg/kg), and (vii) saline toxic training groups. During eight weeks, groups 2-7 received 1 mmol/kg H2O2 for three times per week and groups 5-7 performed training three sessions per week. Training and coriander significantly increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and decreased caspase-3, cytochrome-C, O-6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and prealbumin (PAB) (p≤0.05). Also, interactive effects of training and coriander on increase of ATP and decrease of caspase-3, cytochrome-C, and PAB at a dose of 1000 mg/kg were higher than 500 mg/kg (p≤0.05). Although training and coriander alone could enhance the mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers, training simultaneously with coriander had more favorable effects compared to each one alone.

Sophora japonica L. (Leguminosae), a well-known traditional medicine in Asia, is offcially listed in the Chinese and European Pharmacopoeia. Its buds and fruits have been used as medicinal agents with signifcant biological activity. Pharmacologic studies and clinical practice have demonstrated that they have benefcial effects in the treatment of many diseases. Herein, we developed a simpler and effective separation method of flavones and isoflavones from S. japonica fruit by one-step HSCCC based on the COSMO-RS model. HSCCC was applied for the preparative separation and purifcation of fve active compounds from S. japonica L. fruit (three flavone glycosides and two isoflavone glycosides). Under the assistance of a COSMO-RS, one-step separation with the two-elution solvent system that was designed. The frst elution was conducted with the lower phase of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (5:1:5, v/v), and the second elution was performed with the same one containing 4.0 mmol L-1 of NH3·H2O. From 200 mg of crude extract, 11.2 mg of kaempferol-3-O sophoroside (I), 3.2 mg of rutin (II), 3.4 mg of kaempferol-3-O-α-L-ramnopyranosyl-(1–6)-β-Dglucopyranoside (III), 11.5 mg of sophorabioside (IV), and 10.1 mg of sophoricoside (V) were obtained. Their purity values were 98.1%, 97.6%, 99.5%, 99.2%, and 98.3%, respectively. The fve targets of I-V can be used as reference substances for chromatographic purposes as well as for the further physiological studies. The developed method is instructive for the separation of other flavonoids too.

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius is widely used by traditional healers in treating plethora of ailments either alone, in combination with other therapeutic agents or as addictive to food/drinks. This study investigated the effect of different doses of C. aconitifolius on cardiorenal function in both normotensive and hypertensive male Wistar rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats (120-150 g) were categorized into two normotensive and hypertensive groups. Normotensive was group 1 receiving food and water; while normotensive groups 2 and 3 received food and water together with 200 mg and 800 mg of C. aconitifolius for 4 weeks. The hypertensive group 1 received only high salt diet (HSD) and water and hypertensive groups 2 and 3 received HSD and water together with 200 mg and 800 mg of C. aconitifolius, respectively for 4 weeks after confirmation of hypertension. The animals were sacrifice by cervical dislocation and blood sample was collected, and serum was decanted for assays; while heart and kidney were harvested for histological investigation. There were significant reductions in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive animals; while was not different in normotensive animals. Urine creatinine and fractional excretion decreased; while the histomorphology of the heart in hypertensive animals showed restorative and regenerative effects of C. aconitifolius. This study suggests that C. aconitifolius potentiates cardiorenal functions by affecting the functional markers, as well as histology.