فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1400)

This research uses policy critical discourse analysis to redefine the problems of the development of electronic fund transfer at the point of sale plan in Iran. The main argument of this research is that in the policy makers’ discourse – largely adopted from the dominant international discourse– a limited definition is considered for the participation of other stakeholders. This issue leads to complex social challenges. Considering information technology trend that is leading to a fundamental change in policy makers’ role and decentralization of policy process, taking an open approach and incorporating local views from the initial stages of policy formulation are ever-increasing necessities.

Given the acceleration of developments in science, technology, and innovation as well as the importance of these fields in the development of knowledge-based economics of countries, the way to formulate evidence for science, technology, and innovation policy should be such that enable policymakers to understand key issues and consider them in the shortest possible time and use them in their decisions. However, it is not yet clear what kind of components should be considered in the format of preparing such evidence. This study aims to design a practical guideline so that efficient evidence can be developed for policymakers in science, technology, and innovation. In this regard, first, the main components of guideline were explored and identified based on literature and they were categorized into three dimensions: structure, content, and design. Then such dimensions and components were organized in the questionnaire and distributed among a Delphi panel including   15 scholars and policymakers for validation. Based on results obtained from this study the best way of preparing evidence for policymakers in different level of policy-making (executive, sectoral, and macro levels) is policy brief and its key components  include a bibliography ( which itself include title, affiliation, date, and document number); introduction and statement of the problem; findings; policy recommendations and references. Moreover, the results show that structure, content, and design components are the same in different levels of policy-making and the only difference is the size of the policy brief.

The paper aims to examine the feasibility of coupling the two approaches of innovation system and sustainability transition. Differentiating between bridging and integrating as shallow and deep coupling, it will probe their philosophical foundations and how they can be integrated. It finds out, by designing a 9 layered model to compare, what are their common and distinct characteristics and how their analytical, descriptive and explanatory capacities are increased by coupling. It concludes at the end, the coupling these two approaches is only possible by shallow bridging and not deep integrating due to the limitedness of the theoretical foundations of technological innovation system.

Language plays a prominent role in shaping the structure of human thought, so that it can be said that man's worldview is determined by his linguistic development. Therefore, language teaching policies also play an important role in the development of communities. With the emphasis on the field of Arabic language, this study intends to examine the harms of teaching Arabic language in the country and the country's policies in this field in the hierarchy of the country's policy system including general policies, approvals of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, laws of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, approvals Recognize and critique the Higher Education Council and the approvals of the Cabinet and executive bodies.

The analysis of the origins of public policies has a central role in the study of public policy and facilitates the ways for understanding the actions of public authorities. Leading public policy experts on both sides of the Atlantic have focused their research on this issue and provided valuable assistance to public policy researchers and analysts around the world. The present article allows the authors to discuss the intellectual and conceptual works provided by two scholars from the English-speaking world (Shafritz and Borick) and a French researcher (Müller) and to reveal how the concepts of doctrine and system of references help us to better find out the logics of policy making. Along with similarities and differences, they have cleared the way of clarifying the public policies construction by emphasizing on cognitive and value foundations.

Today, environmental policy-making is the main responsibility of governments in many countries. In Iran, environmental legislation began in the first years after the Constitutional Revolution. This exploratory study has been conducted with the aim of policy-making analysis and enumeration of the most important environmental issues in Iran. Laws in the field of environment were categorized into four historical periods and six statements based on information from interviews, publications, library documents, and organizations' websites. Then, according to the experts, the issues were verified and prioritized. The results show that "forest management and exploitation", "environmental protection and nationalization", "land reform", "construction jihad", "resource provision" and "risks" have been the most important environmental policy-making issues The highest agreement is reached on the third issue and the lowest agreement on the second issue. Prioritization of issues indicates the dominance of the capitalist view on environmental issues. The first step in resolving the issues is to eliminate contradictions and develop a comprehensive and connecting platform.

Social capital plays a Determinant role in the implementation of public policies. Implementation is a step of the policy-making process that is the place of operational realization of policy objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions and dysfunctions of social capital in the implementation of population policies. The research philosophy is "interpretive" and the approach is "inductive". The research strategy is "case study" and the way of collecting information is "interview". The content analysis technique is used to analyze the interview data. By analyzing data, 47 primary themes, 6 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were calculated and the theoretical model of the research was formed, according to which social harmony, constructive social interactions and collective conscience are in the category of social capital functions. And the weakness of social harmony, destructive social interactions and the weakness of collective conscience are the dysfunctions of social capital.

Even though many efforts have been made to promote the relationship between industry and university in Iran, a proper systematic relationship between them has not yet been established. This paper seeks to study and examine the status of policy instruments effective in promoting the relationship between industry and university in Iran. To do so the provisions of five laws and regulations were examined and 41 legal articles were reviewed. The results of the analysis show that about 86% of the laws and regulations are only indirectly related or just have a capacity to promote the industry-university relations.

Since the Free Zones of Iran have distanced themselves from their goals and become an import platform, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a policy-making model for the development of non-oil exports in the Free Zones and laying the railways towards the realization of export goals. This research is practical from the point of view of purpose, but in terms of method, it is considered as exploratory research.  and has been done with a qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory and in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding and has 402 primary codes, 63 subcategories And 18 main categories. Based on the final results, Causal Factors (factors that inhibit production, barriers to policy-making, barriers to the implementation of laws and policies and export barriers at the enterprise level) affect the development of non-oil exports in Free Zones, as well as Underlying Factors (contexts and requirement of Free Zones, economic structure, cultural structure and capabilities and advantages of Free zones) and Intervening Factors (pressure and interest factors, corruption and profit-seeking) affect strategic factors, and finally, Strategic Factors (improving the decision-making process, improving the structure of the Supreme Council of Free zones , following National patterns of Export development, production prosperity policies, Export development policies, improving marketing factors and Improving management productivity) will turn Free Zones into the country's export platform and development engine, as well as achieve the goals of Free Zones.

The source of the values ​​of the Islamic Revolution is the religion of Islam. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the values ​​of society also changed and divine education and attention to spirituality and human virtues found a valuable place. Among these values, the most important principle that has been emphasized by the principles of Islam and Shiite teachings is "justice" in its broadest sense. Focusing on the value of "justice", this study seeks to examine its representation in macro-national policies. For this purpose, the set of general policies of the system was selected as the highest level of macro policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the extent and manner of application of the concept of justice in these policies was examined.