Govaresh
Volume:26 Issue: 2, Summer 2021

Sub-epithelial lesions (SELs) discovered during endoscopy may be originated from either layers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or outside of the GI lumen. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is used to identify the source of these lesions and occasionally to obtain a sample.

In this study, we aimed to obtain the prevalence of upper GI SELs along with their ultrasound and pathological features.

In this cross-sectional study, all patients referred to a referral endoscopy department for EUS were enrolled. Size and location of lesions, relevant layer, endosonographic and endoscopic features of the lesions, and definitive pathological diagnoses were collected.

A total of 305 cases were evaluated. 76.32% of SELs had a homogenous echo pattern. The lesions were predominantly seen in the antrum. The lesions were originated from submucosa (37.38%), muscularis propria (33.77%), and deep mucosa (28.85%), respectively. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (47.54%) were the most common type of SELs. The most prevalent heteroechoic and hyperechoic lesions were pancreatic rest and lipoma (55.8%), respectively.

Most SELs are located in the gastric antrum. Out of all evaluated lesions, GISTs were the most frequent lesion discerned by EUS.

Chronic constipation is a common problem in children, which may last for years and cause unpleasant effects on the patients’ and their family’s lives. Timely treatment can reduce the costs and complications. Re-admissions not only have a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients and their family but also has an adverse economic impact on the health system. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of constipation re-admissions and some related factors in Motahari Hospital of Urmia from 2013 to 2019.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 1045 cases of constipated children were investigated from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2019. At first, a checklist containing demographic information and clinical characteristics of all children admitted with constipation was prepared and completed, and then data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

Out of 1045 children with constipation, 48% were male, and 52% were female with a mean age of 5/1±2/92 years. 73.4% were urban, and 26.6% were rural residents, and 14% of the children were admitted more than once during 6 years. There was a significant relationship between age, weight, height, parental education, and place of residence with re-admissions in children with chronic constipation (p<0.05).

The findings of this study showed that the cornerstone of re-admissions due to chronic constipation in children might be multifactorial and needs complete evaluation of social, behavioral and health status of children.

The first line of treatment for colorectal cancer is colostomy. Colostomy surgery causes behaviors such as avoidance that interfere with the treatment of the disease and should be considered. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of combined therapy of acceptance, commitment, and compassion on the cognitive-behavioral avoidance of patients with colorectal cancer after colostomy surgery.

This research was a randomized clinical trial, which was done with a semi-experimental method with two groups (experimental and control) and pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included patients with colorectal cancer after colostomy surgery who were referred to ALA Cancer Prevention and Control Center (MACSA) of Isfahan in 2018, among whom 32 people were selected and randomly assigned in two groups of experimental and control groups with 16 people in each group. The Yung avoidance questionnaire (1994) was used to measure the dependent variable in the two groups in the pre-test and post-test. The experimental group received 10 weekly sessions of treatment. The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and the covariance analysis method.

The combined therapy of acceptance, commitment, and compassion had a significant effect on cognitive-behavioral avoidance, and its dimensions (substance abuse, avoidance through sleep, lack of energy, and passive distraction) were improved (P<0.05). In fact, cognitive-behavioral avoidance and its dimensions decreased in the experimental group in the post-test (P<0.05).

According to the results of this study, it seems that the combined therapy of acceptance, commitment, and compassion can be used as a useful and effective intervention to improve cognitive-behavioral avoidance in medical centers for patients with colorectal cancer.

Gastrointestinal disorders are ranked first among medical disorders to seek psychiatric consultation. Various researches report multiple causes for and emphasize the role of psychological factors in causing or exacerbating symptoms of this disorder. Emotional distress highly affects people. Emotional regulation mechanisims are among the factors that could affect the level of emotional distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role emotional regulation on determining emotional distress in ipatients with psychosomatic and Functional Gastrointestinal disorder.

In this descriptive and correlational study, the population included 150 patients with FGIDs were selected by purposeful sampling method from indivisuals who referred to a specilalized clinic for Gastroenterology in Tehran. The participants completed Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire :CERQ-36 )2006 ( and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale DASS-21 (1995). Data analysis was done in SPSS 24 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.

Fndings showed a significant positive relationship between Maladaptive (negative) emotional regulation and emotional distress and its components (depression, anxiety, and stress). Also an indirect significant relationship was detected between Adaptive (positive) emotional regulation and two components of emotional distress in which adaptive emotional regulation signicantly predict depression and stress as two components of emotional distress .

Positive (adaptive) cognitive regulation Mechanisim play a role in decreasing the severity of emotional distress in individuals with Functional Gastrointestinal disorders/

Different studies have reported the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. This association is considered either body mass index (BMI) related or independent of BMI. In the current study, we aimed to illustrate the correlation between GERD symptoms and NAFLD and to determine the role of BMI in this regard.

This study was conducted on 332 out-patients referred to the clinics affiliated to Imam Khomeini and Imam Reza Hospitals in Kermanshah in 2015-2016 who were divided into two groups of patients with NAFLD and without NAFLD. The two groups were investigated and compared for symptoms of GERD. The confounding effect of BMI and sex were eliminated in this study by multiple logistic regression.

The prevalence of heartburn, belching, nausea and vomiting, and hypertension (HTN) was higher in patients with NAFLD (P<0.05). Moreover, these four variables were still associated with NAFLD after eliminating the BMI and sex confounding effect by multiple logistic regression model.

Some GERD symptoms are related to NAFLD regardless of BMI effect.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with various potential etiology, including infectious disease. The number of studies on the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and MS is limited. So, in this study, we aimed to assess the relation between H. pylori infection and MS in Kerman city, the center of the largest province in Iran.

In a case-control study, 71 patients with newly diagnosed MS and 145 sex- and age-matched controls were included. Blood samples for IgG anti-HP antibodies were collected from all individuals. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

71 patients with newly diagnosed MS consisted of 48 (67.6%) women and 23 (32.39%) men were included in our study. The mean age was 43±10 years. The mean ages in the case and control groups were 43.83±10.40 and 44.41±16.30 years, respectively (p= 0.114). The control group more commonly had used smoking (p =0.814). Alcohol consumption was higher in the control group (p =0.965). More than 40% of the patients in the case group and 55.17% in the control group had body mass index (BMI)>25 (p =0.074). H. pylori seropositivity was observed in 61.97% of the MS group compared with 76.55% of the non-MS group (p =0.021).

We concluded that patients with newly diagnosed MS had low H. pylori seropositivity, so H. pylori infection may have a protective effect against MS.

Gallbladder duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, which is not accompanied by specific symptoms; however, it is usually associated with cholelithiasis. A 52-year-old man is described, who was referred to the hospital complaining of pain. Ultrasonography indicated the presence of Boyden’s Type II gallbladder duplication with stones in the left gallbladder and cholecystitis in both gallbladders. The patient underwent cholecystectomy. In the pathology report, chronic inflammation of the gallbladder was reported. Furthermore, the presence of a second gallbladder was confirmed.