مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 634 (هفته دوم مهر 1400)

Head lice is one of the most important factors for evaluating the level of personal hygiene in the society, and can cause physical, mental, and social problems in students. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological factors of head lice infestation and the factors affecting it in primary school students in Khorramabad City, Iran, during the years 2018-19.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, a total of 3890 primary school students were selected using mixed sampling method, and the data were collected using a questionnaire and direct search. The results were analyzed using independent t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Infection rates were found in 148 students (3.8%), of which, 121 (5.7%) were girls and 27 (1.53%) were boys. Head lice infection had a significant relationship with factors such as gender, place of residence, occupation and education of parents, shared use of personal belongings, use of shared bed, hair length, itchy scalp, common use of mobile and tablet games, infection of other family members, the type of school, and the presence of a school health instructor.

Factors affecting lice infestation are almost entirely related to socioeconomic, cultural, and behavioral issues. Due to the significant relationship between many demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, by controlling these factors and the necessary training, the prevalence of this infection can be reduced.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition that is associated with sedentary lifestyle and inappropriate feeding habits. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of combined training with dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme levels, liver fat, and anthropometric indices in patients with NAFLD.

This was an interventional, double-blind randomized clinical trial study with two arms, DASH diet and DASH diet with combined exercise. Patients in both groups received the relevant diet under the supervision of a specialist, and patients in group 2 performed the selected combination exercise according to the schedule. Variables were measured at specific times.

The consumption of DASH diet and combined exercise significantly reduced the mean liver fat, weight and waist to hip index (WHR) in both groups. ALT enzyme showed a significant decrease in exercise group (P < 0.050).

According to the findings, consumption of DASH diet and combined exercise can improve some indicators in patients with fatty liver.

Human appetite is controlled by a complex matrix. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low carb diet and cross-fit training on the levels of ghrelin, insulin, and appetite.

In this semi-experimental study, 83 healthy women with an average age of 32.5 ± 7.7 years, weight of 60.5 ± 5.5 kg and body mass index of 22.7 ± 1.7 kg/m2 were selected using targeted sampling method, and randomly divided to 4 groups of low carbohydrate diet, cross-fit training, combination, and control. Training groups followed 3 sessions each week for 8 weeks, and diet groups followed a low-carb diet with 40 percent carbohydrate, 40 percent fat, and 20 percent protein for eight weeks. Ghrelin and insulin concentrations were measured after 12 hours of fasting at the baseline position and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed based on different groups.

The amount of ghrelin in the diet group (P = 0.001) and the combined group (P = 0.008) significantly reduced, and in exercise and control groups was unchanged. Appetite rate decreased significantly in the two groups of diet (P = 0.003) and combination (P = 0.010), significantly increased in the exercise group (P = 0.040) and did not differ in the control group. Insulin levels did not change significantly in any of the groups.

It can be concluded that a low carb diet reduces appetite and ghrelin concentration. More, the combined effect of exercise with diet is more effective than exercise alone. On the other hand, people without dietary restrictions tend to receive food compensation after intense strength training.