فصلنامه تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 53، بهار 1400)

In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the present study does not seek to identify the patterns of female subjugation; rather it is in the process to identify the patterns of their resistance to male dominance within the home. As such, the study seeks to answer the question as how women use "culture" as a tool of resistance as well as to change the balance of power in the family. In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed. Findings showed that women use the strategies such as "struggle for meaning", "reverse decoding", "resistance to gender stereotypes", "resistance through tradition" and "appearance of obedience but hidden resistance within family" to resist the male dominance. Through these, they try to control male power in the home and balance it accordingly. Various resistance strategies indicate that women’s “resistance sources" in the family are numerous, which take place in different domains and in different ways.

With the beginning of gender studies over two decades ago, issues such as inequality, constraints, and women's perceptions of fear, risk, threat, and security have gradually been included by researchers in social and tourism fields. The aim of this study is to investigate women's fears while traveling and their strategies to deal with those fears. A qualitative approach was used and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 middle-class female participants based in Mashhad were conducted. In the process, three types of fear (structural, social and personal) and three types of coping strategies (structural, social and personal) were identified. In this classification, "structural" fears or coping strategies refer to their sources or methods involving social, physical and spatial structure of a tourist destination. "Social" fears and strategies refer to emotions and reactions appear through interactions. "Personal" fears and coping strategies are related to the realm of cognitive and personal choices, preferences, abilities, and initiatives. Findings show that although women experience fears due to their subjective perception, the objective conditions of tourism environment and social construction help them put up some kinds of active or passive resistance. They understand the fear as an empowering tool. These experiences differ in terms of quality and depth from western context,, and Iranian women have more conservative orientations, but Iranian women they follow a similar path.

In the Iranian family sociology, the dominant approach is based on this general idea that the family is the center of patriarchy. Based on this view, women at home are in subjugation and under male dominance. To support this idea, a lot of researches have been conducted in recent years. However, the present study does not seek to identify the patterns of female subjugation; rather it is in the process to identify the patterns of their resistance to male dominance within the home. As such, the study seeks to answer the question as how women use "culture" as a tool of resistance as well as to change the balance of power in the family. In this regard, 36 married women were interviewed. Findings showed that women use the strategies such as "struggle for meaning", "reverse decoding", "resistance to gender stereotypes", "resistance through tradition" and "appearance of obedience but hidden resistance within family" to resist the male dominance. Through these, they try to control male power in the home and balance it accordingly. Various resistance strategies indicate that women’s “resistance sources" in the family are numerous, which take place in different domains and in different ways.

An ever-increasing digital divide around the globe has turned into one of the greatest challenges to several areas of the information society with direct and indirect consequences. This has also increased the demand for more research in this field. This study, which is based on Bourdieu's cultural capital reproduction theory, is an attempt to answer the question as: To what extent individuals' cultural capital affects the digital gap among them? The survey method was applied in this research where a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 183,198 youths from the city of Bābol (Mazandaran, Iran) aged 18-29 years. The sample size was estimated to be 385 by Cochran formula. The data were then collected randomly in a multistage cluster sampling from 8 areas in the above city. The results showed that there is a digital divide among people with different cultural capitals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the objectified dimension of the cultural capital (β = 0.472), the embodied dimension (β = 0.41) and the institutionalized dimension (β = 0.20) had the greatest effect on the people's digital divide. The results also showed that the independent variable of the research, i.e. cultural capital, explained about 0.26 percent of the variance of the dependent variable, i.e. the digital divide.

Today, social capital has attracted the attention of many political, cultural, social, and economic intellectuals since its promotion leads to the elevation of various developmental indicators in societies. Like other social doctrines, as should be pointed, the promotion of social capital, too, requires proper infrastructure and conditions where interactions and communications are made among individuals. In other words, since social capital is mainly based on communications, it will become meaningless once communications are lacking among people. That’s the reason, social networks, these days, as an all-encompassing medium, play a key role in providing an appropriate condition for developing effective interpersonal communications. The current study, as such, intends to address the main question: How can social networks promote social capital? To respond to this, first, different aspects of social capital and social networks are examined in order to provide a model. The study employs an integrated method and using a theme analysis of data obtained from various interviews with experts, the most important aspects of social capital and social networks are identified, and finally, using structural modeling and the MICMAC analysis, a model is presented. Based on the results, it is concluded that through conversations as well as news and information obtained on social networks, the greatest impact can be made on social trust and social norms to promote social capital.

The world is experiencing a change at a rapid space with ever-increasing innovation and development in information and communications technologies. In fact, the modern world is controlled by the media, and many human relationships are driven by new technologies, especially social media which is growing and spreading at lightning speed. This type of media, including Instagram has incurring more negative impact on children and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to media literacy, which is considered in this research. It should be noted that media literacy does not occur spontaneously but is possible through an appropriate educational system. As such, there is a need to present a coherent and purposeful model in the media space surrounded by all kinds of celebrities and all kinds of content on the Instagram. This research method is qualitative-exploratory in nature. With the help of experts, the researchers intend to provide a media literacy model for teenage girls addicted to the Instagram. The Delphi method was used while the study population was selected from experts and professors in the field of communication and media literacy. Finally, the desired model of media literacy was organized around five areas of cognitive, technological, educational, research and policy making.