نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 11 (تابستان 1400)

The secret of the permanence of poetic speech should be explored in various dimensions and with different approaches. One of these dimensions is the study of "poetry music" with an aesthetic approach. One of the branches of music of poetry is its inner and thought music. The inner music is figures of Speech such as: "repetition, paronomasia, adornment, parallelism, epanorthosis, anadiplosis, etc." and thought music includes: "contrast, proportion, ambiguity, allusion, exaggeration, sensuality, etc.). This descriptive and analytical research seeks to study various types of inner and thought music of Amaq Bukhari’s poems as an outstanding poet. As a result, in the internal music section, the "repetition" has the highest frequency with 52% and the “around similarity" (Tasbigh) has the lowest frequency with 1.8%. Also, in the thought music section, the “Observance of peers “(Correlation) has the highest frequency with 34.8% and the lowest frequency with 0.14% of that array is "question and answer". Examining the frequency of all kinds of figures of speech and figures of thought in Bukhari's poetry, points out his unpretentiousness in a poet and shows that he is not an industrial poet and his music is the result of his poetry and not the other way around.

Due to this fact that content analysis is the process of evaluating the literary works from two perspectives  of theme and topic; in this study, we analyzed the content of the “Cloudy Years” novel in order to introduce Iranian fictional literature, that its numerous dimensions are still unclear. Findings show that the socialism and belief in social commitment as the primary function of art and literature have led Ali Ashraf Darvishian -contemporary popular and committed author- to follow them in most of his works  in order to consider the meaning related contents and contexts in his stories that. The main theme of the cloud years is political struggle. In terms of content, politics is the main focus of the novel. The names of politicians, magazines and parties are told in the language of personalities. World War II is taking place. Allied forces have entered Iran. Dr. Mossadegh resigns. People are calling for the overthrow of consistency. Divorce of Fauzia by the Shah, Workers' strike, The discovery of hijab ... is one of the historical news of this novel. Meanwhile, the social dimension, which is broader than the other two dimensions.

Style and stylistics is one of the vast subjects in the field of literature and literary criticism that is related to the history of literature and linguistics. Therefore, the stylistic study of literary texts and prose and the views of poets and writers has been of special importance and has been considered by scholars of past and present times. The characteristics of traditional stylistic approaches (intuitive, emotional, expressive, and interpretive stylistics) in which personal taste, intuition, and perception are involved, are clearly seen in Nezami Ganjehi's work. In this article, after defining the terms, we intend to use library resources and analytical-descriptive method to bring evidence of his works and to examine his new views and perspectives on poetry, as well as the salient characteristics and stylistic features of his works. Then we compare it with traditional stylistic approaches. The findings show that Nezami considered poetry as inspiration and in his poems he speaks of Hatef, Soroush, Jan and Khezr who taught him poetry. This eminent and stylistic poet has fostered innovations by creating special and new word combinations, inventing new meanings, portraying the details, selecting proper word arrangement in terms of accompaniment and substitution, and using literary devices, has established his new style. And he has found many followers and imitators over time.

Shahnameh is the most famous epic work in Iran. Works such as Shahnameh, along with the narration of heroic stories, by performing norms and anomalies in front of each other, also perform the task of teaching virtues. The story of the battle of Rostam and Sohrab, although a small part of the Shahnameh, is one of the most famous stories in this book. This article looks at the story of Rostam and Sohrab Shahnameh Ferdowsi from the perspective of educational literature and the topic of truthfulness. At a glance, To the story of Rostam and Sohrab, Appears from the beginning and end of the story, The reader thinks that Ferdowsi, like many people of that time, considers destiny without the active role of man as the most important cause of the tragedy of Sohrab's death, But with a closer look at the story, It seems that Ferdowsi, in arranging the conversations of the characters in this story, shows that everyone is involved in hiding the truth. And their work has gone hand in hand with concealing the truth, leading to disaster.

There are two scholarly viewpoints regarding the book Ajaib al-Donya: some consider it a rewritten version of the book Ajaib al-bar Va’lbahr by Abu’l-Moʾayyad Balkhi, and others consider it an independent book, merely one of its sources being a book by Abu’l-Moʾayyad Balkhi. According to the information presented at the beginning and introduction of the three surviving manuscripts, the style of writing of the text, and the information given in Tarikh-e Sistan about Abu’l-Moʾayyad, besides what the author of Ajaib al-Donya implies about himself throughout the anecdotes, and finally, regarding the resemblance between the anecdotes in this book and those of Garšāsp-nama, this study shows that Ajaib al-Donya is not a rewritten version of the book of Abu’l-Moʾayyad; it is rather an independent book and merely one of the sources used by its author, Ibn Muhadith Tabrizi, was a book by Abu’l-Moʾayyad, most possibly Garšāsp-nama, and that Ibn Muhadith, while quoting from Abu’l-Moʾayyad, has also quoted from others, including Najib Hamedani, with a similar structure. Since the text of the introduction has been lost over time, it seems probable that the author's explanations about Abu’l-Moʾayyad Abu Motiʿ al-Balkhi at the beginning of the first surviving anecdote were mistaken to be the introduction of the book and later, according to some quotations from Abu’l-Moʾayyad in Ajaib al-Donya, and due to Abu’l-Moʾayyad’s fame, the book was attributed to him. The reference to the name “Abu’l-Moʾayyad Abu Motiʿ al-Balkhi” in one of the manuscripts is the proof of this dispute. All of the other arguments offered by different scholars in attributing this work to Abu’l-Moʾayyad bear various weak points and shortcomings.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has become famous among Iranians as a work with a heroic content. This has led to less attention being paid to other concepts such as educational and ethical issues. Although these concepts appear less alongside heroic events, they play an important role in creating conceptual connections in the verses. When there are wise figures in the story, one can witness the flow of education.
One of the sections in which educational and moral concepts have become more prominent is Bozorgmehr assemblies. Assembly is one of the methods of admonition that is commonly used in the court of kings and at the head of it was a wise person who benefited the audience with his advice and these advices were recorded for the benefit of others. In addition, in the wrestling section, we see the presence of Zal, who, as a cultured figure, uses his advice.
In this article, we have compared the concepts and methods of education in the teachings of these two wise persons in Shahnameh.

Many of the outstanding works of Persian literature have been translated into Arabic; Among these works is the translation of Hafez's Divan, translated into Arabic by the powerful Egyptian translator Amin al-Shawarbi. This translation has translated fourteen of Shiva Khajeh Shirazi's lyric poems into poems and translated the rest into prose. Given the difficulty of translating poetry and the lack of balance between the source text and the destination text, it is necessary to evaluate such translations with destination-oriented approaches, according to which Gideon Tori's model and theory are based on this approach. In this theory, translation and its constructive and destructive changes are examined in several layers. Thus, the present study, considering the difficulty of translating the poem and the special importance of Hafez's sonnets, which have a different language and interpretation, examines the translation of the poem "Amin Al-Shorabi" from the first sonnet (Ala or Ayha Al-Saqi ...) and the third. (If it leaves Shirazi ...) Hafez, in the light of Gideon's touristic vision, pays attention. Findings show that the translation of the poet's work is very difficult, which causes a lot of slips, Amin al-Shawarbi has done a commendable job, and the slips of his poetic translation are in line with Gideon's network's destination orientation theory. Gives some differences to the translator, it's small. But these translations, in some cases, have destructive changes, destroying the beauty of the text and reversing the meanings and content of the verses, which cannot be easily overlooked.