Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:9 Issue: 11, Nov 2019

Internet is one of the most advanced modern communication technologies. Despite the positive uses of internet, the existence of extreme behaviors and its harmful consequences has attracted the attention of all. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between internet addiction with anxiety and educational performance.

This research is a descriptive correlative study. The statistical population of the study includes a total number of 4401 female students in the high school in the city of Ilam‑Iran in the academic year of 2017–2018. The sample size includes353 students estimated using Cochran’s formula. They were selected by random cluster sampling. For data collection, the Young’s Internet Dependency Questionnaire, Academic Performance Inventory, and Marc et al., anxiety Scale were used. Data were analyzed at the significant level of α = 0.05.

The results showed a positive and significant correlation between internet dependency and students’ anxiety (P < 0.01). There is also a negative and significant correlation between internet dependency and academic performance of students (P < 0.01), and also a negative and significant correlation between anxiety and educational performance of students (P < 0.01).

On the one hand, the results indicate a high prevalence of internet dependency and its significant relationship with anxiety and academic performance in students, and on the other hand, the negative effect of internet dependency on the students’ educational performance. Therefore, it is necessary to design some intervention programs to prevent harm to students who are increasingly interacting with internet. In addition, raising the level of the students’ awareness on the complications of internet addiction and the proper use of the internet seems to be necessary.

Biopsychosocial approach suggests that the individual’s health condition is partly influenced by the interactions of biological, psychological, and social processes. It also concludes that the clinical method should be patient‑centered, which is based on the physician’s involvement in the patient’s world and the physician’s ability to see the illness from the patient’s view. In this study, we aimed to determine the extent to which medical faculty assistant doctors use the biopsychosocial approach in their clinical practice.

Our study is a cross‑sectional type, descriptive, and analytical research. The sample size consisted of assistant doctors who met the inclusion criteria which were accepted to participate in the study between December 1, 2017, and March 1, 2018, at the medical faculty hospital of Dicle University. Two hundred and three physicians participated in our study. The Patient–Physician Orientation Scale (PPOS), The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE), and a survey study including questions in relation with sociodemographic characteristics were conducted in our study. The reliability of the Patient–Physician Orientation Scale (PPOS) and JSPE used in our study was tested with Cronbach’s alpha and found to be 0.878 and 0.931, respectively. Questionnaires were administered by a face‑to‑face interview method during interview. Information on the purpose and method of the study was given.

A total of 203 physicians participated in our study. One hundred and forty‑three (70%) participants were male and 60 (30%) were female. According to medical disciplines, eight physicians (3, 9%) from psychiatry, 21 (10, 3%) from family medicine, 104 (51, 2%) from other internal medical disciplines, and 70 (34, 5%) from surgical medical disciplines participated in the study. In the first subgroup of the PPOS, which is used in our study, the average score of psychiatry physicians was 3.67 ± 0.99, family medicine assistant doctors 3.92 ± 0.67, other internal medical disciplines 3.98 ± 0.65, and surgical medical discipline 3.83 ± 0.61. In the second subgroup, which is defined as the care in the same scale, the average score of psychiatry assistant doctors was found to be 3.20 ± 0.45, family medicine assistant doctors 3.68 ± 0.54, other internal medical disciplines 3.49 ± 0.60, and surgical medical discipline 3.68 ± 0.58. The results of the Jefferson Scale used to determine the level of empathy in our study are found as psychiatry 78.25 ± 14.78, family physician 67.71 ± 14.69, other internal medical disciplines 72.03 ± 13.46, and surgical medical discipline 70.87 ± 15.24.

The biopsychosocial approach is primarily an elementary approach model in medical discipline such as family medicine and should be applied to other internal and surgical medical disciplines as well. With conducting this study, the awareness of this area will be increased and related issues in the literature will be enriched.

Hospitals as the first place for injuries have to keep up and increase activities in emergency and disasters. Therefore, any hospital necessarily requires disasters plan to improve its preparedness. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of education and implementation of “National Hospital Disaster Preparedness Plan (NHDPP)” on Vali Asr Hospital preparedness in Iran.

In a pre‑ and post‑intervention study, NHDPP educated in five sessions, and it was used as a guide in the promotion of Vali Asr Hospital preparedness in Iran. The Iranian version of “Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HDP) assessment tool” was used to measure the hospital preparedness score. Finally, the quantitative data analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Before intervention, the HDP score was measured in total and in the nine dimensions of preparedness. But after the intervention, it increased, 33% in command and control dimension, 33% in communication, 21% in safety and security, 26% in triage, 36% in surge capacity, 24% in the continuity of vital services, 27% in human resources, 13% in support and supplies management, and 7% in post disaster recovery dimension. Furthermore, the total HDP score increased about 24.5% after the intervention.

This study demonstrates that the “Iranian HDP plan” leads to improve the Vali Asr HDP score. Therefore, by planning and implementation of effective educational programs, it is possible to improve the hospitals’ preparedness in Iran.

Although there is a reduction in cervical cancer incidence over the years, it keeps the second position of the most common cancers among females in India. The aim of this review is to understand the challenges of health promotion and education strategies to prevent cervical cancer in India.

This review is based on 78 studies published during 1993–2017 on the topics of awareness, attitude, and acceptance toward cervical cancer, screening, and human papilloma virus vaccination among Indians. The extracted information was summarized according to different populations such as people from different social and community groups, women and men attended clinics, students (nursing/medical/nonmedical), health‑care providers (doctors, nurses, and other health workers), migrated Indians, and cervical cancer patients.

The awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention was very poor among women from different communities and the majority had a negative attitude toward screening and vaccination in general. The health professionals and medical students were more aware of cervical cancer and its prevention compared to the general population. Majority of students irrespective of medical or nonmedical background had a positive attitude toward vaccination. Only a small proportion of women in the general population were ever screened.

Observations from this review indicate immediate attention of the public health authority to take appropriate actions to educate and motivate general population toward cervical cancer prevention and to improve the facilities to incorporate the much needed preventive and early detection interventions in India.

Sexual dysfunctions are considered as the most prevalent problems in the general population and their prevalence is so dispersed depending on different cultures and living conditions. This research investigates the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and their relevant factors in Tehran.

In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, 1129 women and men referring to health centers in 22 Districts of Tehran were selected using quota, stratified and cluster sampling. Demographic questionnaire, female sexual function index (FSFI), and Brief Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) were used to collecting data. DATA ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed using descriptive methods, and the findings were compared using the Chi-square, analysis of variance, and independent t-tests.

Totally 561 women and 568 men with the average ages of 33/06 and 34/98 participated in this study. In general, 77/6% of women and 35/6% of men complained about sexual problems. The most prevalent problems in women were sexual desire dysfunction (45/3%) and arousal dysfunction (38/85%), and the most prevalent problems in men were erection dysfunction (40/4%) and then ejaculation dysfunction (32/5%). Prevalence rates of dysfunctions of orgasm, dyspareunia, and vaginal dryness were, respectively, 9/2%, 9/0%, and 7/0%, and prevalence of sexual drive dysfunction in men was 10/6%.

The prevalence of sexual problems in Iranian women is so much higher than the global findings, and in men, this rate is somewhat higher than global prevalence. This difference can be due to the culture and the chosen silence about sexuality and specially women’s sexuality in the Iranian culture that requires extra attention to this area.

Student evaluation of teaching (SET) is considered to be one of the most important as well as inexpensive resources for sustaining professional development in medical teaching. The aim of this project was to improve the quality of education in our medical college by using student feedback as a tool for faculty development. However, it is also important to obtain teachers’ perceptions on SET.

This was an educational research study conducted on a single practical/tutorial batch of fourth‑semester students in pathology chosen by random selection. Feedback regarding teaching was collected for all the teachers in the department of pathology where the students had to rate the teachers on a scale of 1–5. Teachers’ perceptions on students’ feedback were gathered with the help of another structured prevalidated questionnaire containing 15 questions/items. The feedback data were obtained using a 5‑point Likert scale. The scores obtained from the students’ evaluation data and the teachers’ perception data on the different items were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0.

Significant findings from students’ feedback were that 80% of teachers had a median score of >4 in explicit curriculum, indicating that most of the students agreed that the teachers teach their core subject well. However, only 20% of teachers had a median score >4 in implicit curriculum. Teachers, in their feedback, fully agreed that students should be involved in the evaluation of teachers and that student feedback ensures the overall faculty development in the institute and can be used as a tool for quality assurance in medical education.

Students’ feedback is one of the best methods of evaluation of teachers to ensure the overall faculty development and quality assurance in medical education. Thus, a regular feedback mechanism should be in place for the entire institution.

The success of the health system research and technology management in the 21st century can play an important role in advancing the country toward becoming a scientific power.

The study aimed to increase knowledge and identify factors affecting the health system research and technology, as well as to provide solutions for improving the status of health science and technology.

This was an applied and descriptive study conducted in 2018 using cross‑impact analysis. The factors affecting the Iranian Health System Research and Technology Management and their influences on each other were identified using an expert panel. The key‑driven factors were determined using the MICMAC software.

The input, stake, target, resultant, excluded, and regulating factors were identified. The degree of fill rate the matrix was 58.9%. Financial annex of the health scientific map (S = 206), roadmap (S = 206), governmental laws and regulations (S = 198), and sufficient governmental budget allocation (S = 194) earned the highest potential influence scores by 2025. Furthermore, scientific authority (S = 216), international communication (187), university relationship with industries (S = 187), and competitive infrastructure (S = 178) obtained the highest potential dependence scores by 2025.

The success of the Iranian Health System Research and Technology Management by 2025 requires the development of the financial annex of the comprehensive scientific health map, the development of the road map, and the allocation of sufficient governmental budget for health research. Policy‑making in health system research and technology management requires more attention to these factors and the dynamics of relationships among factors in the model.

Pediatric foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a life‑threatening condition responsible for many deaths every year, especially among children younger than 2 years.

This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge among students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND

This observational, cross‑sectional study was conducted between December and January 2018 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia via a paper‑based questionnaire survey of male and female high school and middle school students. The Chi‑square test was used to compare frequencies, and the independent t‑test was used to compare means.

A total of 671 students participated in this survey. The second item, “It is possible for a child to choke on a small toy” had the highest rate of correct responses among both males and females (93.2% vs. 94%, respectively). The eighth item “Sudden cough is a sign of choking among children” had the lowest rate of correct responses among males (40.8%) and females (33%). Most female participants (74.2%) knew that batteries are the most dangerous items a child can swallow, which requires immediate medical attention (item 14), while only 56.2% of male participants knew that (P < 0.001). The only significant predictor on linear regression analysis was “Having treated anyone with FBA” (coefficient = −0.24, P = 0.03).

There is inadequate knowledge regarding FBA among middle and high school students, as is the case among mothers. Moreover, only a small percentage of participants had any first aid training

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the integration of traditional medicine into each country’s health systems by formulating and implementing national policies and laws in accordance with the country’s own situation. This study aims to examine and analyze the national laws and regulations in Iran concerning the integration of traditional medicine into the health system of the country based on the WHO definition.

Policy document analysis was performed through content analysis according to the WHO components for the integration of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM ) into health systems. All government and state websites were explored to locate policy‑associated documents and laws. Only documents were ultimately included in the study that had been approved by a senior official of a ministry.

Nine policy documents related to T&CM were found. In these documents, reference was made to the availability of education (26 cases), regulation (20 cases), availability of therapies (17 cases), research (15 cases), and insurance coverage (7 items).

While policies and laws on the integration of T&CM in Iran have been formulated, this research showed that these policies have been implemented slowly or, in cases, not implemented at all. The government and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education need to take measures in this regard after they have evaluated the policies and programs. Given the tendency of the Iranian people to T&CM , the insurance of T&CM and the development of clinics and hospitals should be prioritized.

Relationship among periodontitis, obesity, and chronic diseases may be multidirectional. Inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis induce the production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‑α, IL‑1, and IL‑6. It has been suggested that the secretion of TNF‑α by adipose tissue triggered by lipopolysaccharides from periodontal Gram‑negative bacteria promotes hepatic dyslipidemia and decreases insulin sensitivity.

To study the association of obesity with the severity of periodontitis and to compare the blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile in obese and non‑obese subjects with chronic periodontitis.

A total of 84 systemically healthy subjects, aged 30–60 years, were included in the study. Periodontal status of the subjects was assessed by recording Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Gingival Index (Loe and Silness, 1963). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used as measures to assess obesity. The fasting plasma lipids level and fasting blood glucose level were measured. Data were analyzed by unpaired ‘t’test, Fisher’s Exact test, and Chi‑square test.

There was a statistically significant difference in Gingival Index and Community Periodontal Index between the obese and non‑obese group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) levels showed significant difference between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, high‑density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and fasting blood glucose levels between the two groups.

The present study showed a positive association between obesity and chronic periodontitis. Further long‑term studies involving larger sample size are required to confirm this association.

With the advancement of bioelectrical impedance analysis method, body fat can be estimated with portable devices at home. These devices are popular in home body fat monitoring (HBFM). However, improper use of the device may provide erroneous result.

This study aimed to find out the level of competency of the operator in HBFM.

A cross‑sectional survey was conducted with 34 individuals (males = 11, females = 23) during March–December, 2017. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information by expert interviewer. Data were collected about premeasurement precautions, steps followed in body fat measurement proper, and postmeasurement action. Survey data were expressed in mean, standard deviation, and percentage and statistically tested by unpaired t‑test and Chi‑square test according to necessity with α =0.05. Analyses were done in GraphPad Prism 6.01.

Premeasurement precautions for maintaining proper hydration level were not followed by majority of the participants. Avoidance of exercise in preceding 12 h was not followed by 94.12% ( χ2 = 26.47, P < 0.0001), voiding bladder before the measurement was not followed by 88.24% ( χ2 = 19.88, P < 0.0001), and avoidance of diuretics (e.g., chocolate, caffeine) was not practiced by 82.35% ( χ2 = 14.24, P = 0.0002). Prescribed steps for measurement proper were followed by majority of the operators. However, 61.76% ( χ2 = 1.88, P = 0.17) forgot to keep log of the readings.

Clinicians, fitness instructors, and nutritionists should emphasize on premeasurement factors for educating their clients for HBFM. This would help proper tracking of body fat level.

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) usage contributes about 40% of the total tobacco used in India. Among the 28 known carcinogens in SLT, tobacco‑specific nitrosamines are considered to be the most potent. This has challenged the metabolic condition leading to a rise in the inflammatory status, hepatic injury, and apoptosis of the liver and thyroid tissues. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of SLT on the liver and thyroid and establish a correlation between them in Jharkhand population.

A total of 100 individuals (50 SLT users and 50 healthy individuals) were selected for the study. A complete history was obtained, and clinical examination was done to evaluate any oral mucosal changes. Venous blood samples were taken to analyze the liver function test and thyroid profile.

Significant changes were observed in the liver enzyme levels and thyroid profile in SLT users when compared to healthy controls. All the parameters of liver function test had a positive correlation with the form of SLT, whereas thyroid profile had a negative correlation.

This study might be helpful in creating awareness on the hazards of using SLT among the Indian population as a despicable substitute to smoking tobacco. It also acts as a diagnostic tool and warning alarm in chronic tobacco users.

The literacy level of the elderly is predictive of health behaviors, average hospitalization in health centers, and the type of verbal interaction with health service providers; as the level of literacy changes, the quality of life may also change. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy level and quality of life among the elderly living in nursing homes in 2018–2019.

This study was of a descriptive‑analytic, correlation type that was performed on 175 elderly of selected nursing homes in Tehran. The research tools included the Abbreviated Mental Test; Control, Autonomy, Pleasure and Self‑realization questionnaire‑19; and Health Literacy of Iranian Adults Questionnaire (HELIA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 22 software.

The total score of health literacy and the quality of life of the elderly was 51.01 and 47.75, respectively. The literacy of most of the studied samples was “inadequate” and “not much adequate” (0–66). The relationship between health literacy and quality of life in the elderly was significant, and there was a direct and statistically significant relationship between them (P = 0.003). That is, by an increase in literacy rates, the scores of quality of life of elderly people were also increased. The correlation was equal to r = −0.28. Health literacy has the ability (31.98%) to predict the quality of life.

The results showed a lack of enough education literacy, the average quality of life, and the existence of a significant relationship between health literacy and quality of life in the elderly. The wide range of inadequate literacy in the elderly reveals the importance of paying more attention to the issue of literacy in health planning and health promotion at the national and local levels.

HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge globally. A plethora of morbidities due to crippling immune system reduces quality of life (QOL). The advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment has changed this deadly disease to a chronic manageable illness with focus shifting from fighting virus to ensuring a good QOL.

To assess the QOL among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and factors influencing, if any in Indian setting.

An institutional‑based cross‑sectional study was carried out among 220 PLHA (male >15 years) attending Anti‑Retroviral Therapy Centre of the center of excellence in HIV care in India (Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata) from May 2012 to April 2013. QOL was assessed using WHO‑QOL‑BREF questionnaire from January 2013 to December 2013. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16; multivariate logistic regression was computed with adjusted odds ratio in 95% confidence interval; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

In this study, all 220 PLHA men participated (response rate 96.5%) where more than half (55.5%) participants rated their QOL as neither poor nor good; only 28.2% replied good. One‑third (38.6%) were dissatisfied while only one‑fifth (19.1%) satisfied and 41.4% mentioned neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their health. Mean score ± standard deviation on various domains and facets of WHOQOL‑BREF were physical health score 56.2 ± 9.8, psychological health 63.1 ± 8.7, social relationship 48.9 ± 14.8, and environmental health 51.3 ± 13.7.

PLHA had good QOL on psychological, physical, and environmental domain that reflects better services provided at Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM), Kolkata, but they scored poorly in social relationship domain, which may be suggestive of ineffective social services network. This study concludes that increase existing social and emotional support with innovation should be implemented to improve their QOL.

This study aimed to predict health information‑seeking behavior (HISB) components based on health anxiety among users of public libraries.

This research was a descriptive‑correlational study. The statistical population consisted of users of public libraries. Data collection tools included the HISB questionnaire and the Short Form of Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI).

The results indicated that health anxiety was a significant predictor of the components of HISB. The illness likelihood had a direct relationship with the components of the need for health information and the purposefulness of health information seeking, and it was inversely related to barriers to obtaining health information. In addition, the preoccupation with illness was directly related to the components of the need for health information, the diversity of health information sources, the time of referring to health information sources, the purposefulness of health information seeking, and evaluation of reasons for referring to the library.

Among the components of health anxiety, preoccupation to the disease has the highest role in the emergence of users’ information‑seeking behavior

An individual’s lifestyle is closely related to the health so that a healthy lifestyle improves the purpose of this study was prioritizing health promotion lifestyle domains in students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from the students and professors’ perspective.

This study was done in cross‑sectional method. The statistical population of this study consisted of students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018. In addition, 10 faculty members in this university and five students were questioned in Delphi method from different educational groups. The questionnaire was used consisted of two parts. The first part included demographic characteristics, and the second part included the standard questions for Pender’s health promotion model. The Delphi needs assessment method was also used to collect the information.

The mean score of students’ health‑promoting behaviors was average (135.22 ± 19.35). The greatest score of health promotion behaviors was related to the spiritual growth scale (25.3 ± 5.4), and the lowest score was for physical activity (19.7 ± 05.1). The results of the Delphi method also suggested that both groups of faculty members and students believe that the dimensions of health accountability, physical activity, and prevention of high‑risk behaviors in the students’ lifestyle, need to be intervened.

The results of the present study indicated that the students’ lifestyle at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences was in average condition and low scores in the dimension of physical activity. Planned interventions should be made to promote health‑promoting lifestyle among these students.

The decrease in coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers who work in Pontianak has an impact on the decline of the baby’s immune system. Prevention efforts can be done by increasing knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding tips for mothers who work by providing health education. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of health education media in increasing maternal knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding tips for working mothers.

This is a quasi‑experiment study with a nonrandomized design pretest and posttest control group design. The population of nursing mothers who have children aged 0–6 months. The number of samples is 140, which is divided into four groups. Data collection use direct interviews. Respondents filled out the pretest questionnaire to measure knowledge before being given health education. Then, the first group was given treatment in the form of lectures, the second group using leaflets, and the third group was given lectures first then given leaflets. After that, his knowledge was measured again through a posttest. Data analysis were used to determine the increase in the score of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding tips for mothers who worked on each media used repeated ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test, while one‑way ANOVA continued with post hoc Bonferroni and Friedman followed by Mann–Whitney test used to compare score differences knowledge on all three media.

there were significant differences in knowledge, before and after being given good health education without media, with leaflets, electronic media, and electronic leaflets before. statistical tests before and after used leaflets and electronic media without media 19.85 (P ≤ 0.001), leaflets without media 8.42 (P ≤ 0.001). Electronic without media at 8.14 (P ≤ 0.001). In the pre‑ and post‑test study, the experimental study was pseudo, 140 individuals with each group 35 individuals.

The most effective method in providing health education to increase the knowledge of breastfeeding mothers about tips on exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers is electronic leaflet media.

Several factors are involved in obtaining the competence of providing spiritual care in nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between moral intelligence and the professional self‑concept with the competency of the nursing students in providing spiritual care to promote nursing education.

The present study was descriptive‑analytics and the participants were the 7th and 8th semester nursing students of the processing district 6 of the medical sciences universities. The data were collected using questionnaires “Nursing student competencies for providing spiritual care,” “Nursing professional self‑concept” and “Moral intelligence” questionnaire and analysed using correlation and regression tests.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the moral intelligence and the students competency in providing spiritual care (r = 0.24, P < 0.001), while this relationship was not significant for the professional self‑concept (r = 0.045). Furthermore, based on the results of multiple regression analysis, the moral intelligence (B = 0.28, P = 0.001), gender (B = −4.23, P = 0.048), place of living (B = 10.59, P = 0.046), and adherence to religion (B = −11.82, P = 0.002) were the predictors of students’ competency in providing the spiritual care.

According to the results of this study, it is suggested that by applying strategies to strengthen the moral intelligence of the students, such as holding‑related workshops as well as reinforcing religiosity, the student’s competency in providing the spiritual care to the patients is reinforced.

Cancer cervix is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), oncogenic virus and has vaccines and screening as its preventive measures. This study analyzes the change in awareness and attitudes of nonmedical students toward the condition following the use of an educational module.

The study design was quasi‑experimental. The interprofessional (IP) team implemented an educational module and analyzed the difference in awareness of young individuals toward the cancer cervix. A pretest and posttest written questionnaire, customized for both genders, was administered with the intervention of the educational module in between. The module consisted of a short educational presentation along with a group activity. A follow‑up survey was also done after 2 months to check the attrition of awareness. The statistical analysis was done using MacNemar test using SPSS 12 IBM software and significance of differences were determined.

There was a significant improvement of knowledge and awareness on linkage between HPV and cervical cancer (P < 0.001). There was also significant change with regard to attitudes toward cervical cancer vaccination (P = 0.004). The knowledge of HPV linkage to the malignancy was maintained after 2 months of gap. The subjects also wished for more future awareness program.

There is improved awareness in the dental and foundation in science students, and this improved awareness will ensure favorable attitudes toward cervical cancer vaccines or will attend regular screening programs. Awareness program must be held at regular intervals at different locations to enhance the knowledge dissemination of this common yet preventable genital malignancy of females. The IP collaboration and practices will help in reducing the disease burden of the society in future

Full health is one of the basic human rights and requires a healthy lifestyle. Public continuous education, especially among the students who are a great target group and the future of the country, is the best way to modify lifestyle. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors affecting the prevention of non communicable diseases from studentsʼ viewpoints in Isfahan in the academicyear of 2016–2017.

This study was carried out through the qualitative approach and conventional content analysis method. Participants included 27 students who were selected by convenient and purposeful sampling method with maximum variation. Method of data collection was semi structured interviews with sound recordings with note–taking, and data analysis method was inductive content analysis.

After removing repetitive codes and merging the similar ones, 1237 codes were obtained from interviews that were placed in 7 main categories and 18 subcategories. The main categories included “grand health policy‑makings,ˮ “the role of the educational system in promoting health,ˮ “schools and healthy nutrition models,ˮ “schools and sports and physical activity development,ˮ “informal learning,ˮ “preventive strategies in health promotion,ˮand “lifestyle modification.ˮ

It seems that controlling and improving the factors affecting lifestyle and making school education more effective are the main factors that influence the efficacy of preventive educational programs of non communicable diseases.

Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) is a leading perinatal problem in developing countries. PLBW is considered as a leading cause of neonatal death in the 1st year of life, with problems in childhood and adulthood. Several studies have suggested a possible relationship between PLBW and periodontal status of the expectant mothers. The present study was conducted to determine the association between the maternal periodontitis and the low birth weight (BW) of the babies.

This study consisted of 200 primipara mothers ranging between 18 and 35 years old, with a mean age of 23.96 years. The mothers were categorized based on the weight of the infants as cases (BW <2500 g) and as controls (BW ≥2500 g). Age, mean weight, height, body mass index, and periodontal status of the mothers as well as weight of the babies were recorded. Periodontal parameters were assessed using the community periodontal index (CPI). The data were recorded, analyzed, and statistically compared using the Chi‑square test (χ2).

BW of the babies was regressed against CPI. Periodontitis was significantly associated with decrease in BW of the babies (P < 0.0001).

Our findings showed an association of maternal periodontal disease with PLBW that emphasizes to promote good oral hygiene of the expectant mothers during routine prenatal visits.

The objective of the present study was to systematically review the current research knowledge on hospital preparedness tools used in biological events and factors affecting hospital preparedness in such incidents in using a scoping review methodology.

The review process was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‑Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were used to identify papers published that evaluated instruments or tools for hospital preparedness in biological disasters (such as influenza, Ebola, and bioterrorism events). The search, article selection, and data extraction were carried out by two researchers independently.

A total of 3440 articles were screened, with 20 articles identified for final analysis. The majority of research studies identified were conducted in the United States (45%) and were focused on CBRN incident (20%), Ebola, infectious disease and bioterrorism events (15%), mass casualty incidents and influenza pandemic (10%), public health emergency, SARS, and biological events (5%). Factors that were identified in the study to hospitals preparedness in biological events classified in seven areas including planning, surge capacity, communication, training and education, medical management, surveillance and standard operation process.

Published evidences of hospital preparedness on biological events as well as the overall quality of the psychometric properties of most studies were limited. The results of the current scoping review could be used as a basis for designing and developing a standard assessment tool for hospital preparedness in biological events, and it can also be used as a clear vision for the healthcare managers and policymakers in their future plans to confront the challenges identified by healthcare institutes in biologic events.

Iranian universities optimistically can be regarded as second‑generation research‑centered universities which train people who can only fill the predefined occupational gaps. These universities are doing very little to become third‑generation universities. It seems that medical science universities have a huge capacity to create and expand entrepreneurship in health care because of their diverse activities in health services. The present study aimed to investigate the effective factors affecting the Iranian medical universities transition to third‑generation universities.

The present study is a qualitative study which was carried out in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The study population was the faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences who had been selected by purposeful sampling method. For this purpose, 13 faculty members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences who were interested in the topic were interviewed. To collect data, a number of general questions were asked from the participants to clarify specific topics. The interviews lasted between 20 and 45 min. The descriptive phenomenology method was used for data analysis based on the Colaizzi’s seven steps.

In the present study, five main themes include; reforming the bureaucracy, paying attention to the empowerment of university personnel, improving the status of graduates, reviewing the status of education and research, and connecting with the industry and making a profit were identified.

We can use strategies such as reduction of bureaucracy, privatization, reduction of management pyramid, culture building, creation of appropriate reward system, and taking a role model from successful people.

Personality types of learners have determining role in their achievements. Many researchers concentrate on noncognitive moderators such as personality traits to trace the barriers in learning. This study attempts to find out what kinds of personality types enable learners to be more competent in intercultural context.

To conduct the study 236 students were randomly selected from Ardestan and Khorasgan Universities. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data. The first one was a researcher’s made questionnaire to assess learners’ intercultural competence; based on Bennett’s Intercultural communicative Model of intercultural communicative competence (ICC); and intercultural competence assessment Model of ICC, consisting four behavioral dimensions, tolerance for ambiguity, flexibility, respect for otherness, and interaction. The second questionnaire wasMyers‑Briggs Type Indicator to identify learner’s personality type. The means, standard deviations, t‑scores, and significance levels of behavioral dimensions were calculated to interpret the data.

The analysis of the results revealed that greater general competence in cultural adjustment is associated with greater extroversion personality. Students with thinking and judging personalities were more tolerant for ambiguities of foreign cultures than those with feeling and perceiving personality types. The data of respect for otherness were very similar to tolerance for ambiguity, and students with sensing personality preference were more competent in interacting with foreign cultures than intuitive ones.

The findings indicated the personality types play opportunity or threat roles for FL learners in intercultural understanding. Therefore, to promote efficiency in education, it is vital to explore the learners’ cognitive and noncognitive health conditions.

Women make up half of the world’s population and play a critical role in the health and well‑being of the family and society. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy on attitude to life and self‑flourishing of educated women homemakers.

A quasiexperimental study with the pretest–posttest design is used in this work. The research population included 68 homemakers with university education who live in Neyshabur, Iran. Sampling method was available. The women were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention and control groups. The women in the intervention group participated in 10 sessions of existential therapy group. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of Life Regard Index (LRI) and Human Flourishing Questionnaire (HFQ). The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 21 using Chi‑square, independent t‑test, and paired t‑test while P < 0.05 considered as a significant level.

Scores of attitude to life and self‑flourishing in educated homemakers before intervention were not significantly different in the two groups. Independent t‑test showed that self‑flourishing was significantly increased in the intervention group (90.88 ± 15.27) compared to the control group (79.64 ± 15.87) (P = 0.004). The attitude to life was significantly increased in the intervention group (35.79 ± 14.21) compared to the control group (27.50 ± 8.77) (P = 0.005).

The results of this study emphasize that existential group therapy is effective in attitude to life, and self‑flourishing of educated homemakers. This therapy can also be used to enhance individual and social abilities the importance and impact of existential psychotherapy on enhancing capabilities such as a positive attitude to life and self‑flourishing.

Stress in pregnancy can have a negative effect on mother and fetus and at last on childhood. The use of stress reduction techniques in pregnant women has an effective role in the reduction of the mother and child’s mental problems. This study aimed at determining the effect of static immersion and relaxing the pregnant women in water on stress, participating in preparation classes for childbirth in Isfahan, Iran, 2017.

The present study was a semi‑experimental and had pre‑ and post‑test one on 55 pregnant women aged 20–30 weeks (20 test group and 35 control group) participating in the preparation classes for delivery by available sampling method selected in 2017 and their stress level was assessed by depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire. Then, they were divided into test and control groups. In the control group, no intervention was performed, and in the test group, static immersion and calming in water was done in Isfahan University’s 9‑Dey Pool. To analyze the data, paired t‑test, Chi‑square t‑test, and independent t‑test were used.

In this study, stress in the test group decreased after the intervention, so that the mean stress score decreased from 20.20 to 16.67 (P < 0.05). Of course, the stress level declined in the control group, but in the control group, it decreased significantly.

Based on the findings of the present study, static immersion and calming in water are considered as reducing women’s stress intervention in improving pregnancy period and are therefore recommended to be included in the sanitary system.