Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Volume:8 Issue: 6, Jun 2018

Experiential learning is an innovative learning method that knowledge is gained through experience. The aim of this paper was to review the application of experiential learning in health education and suggest an oral health education program using experiential learning. Experiential learning has been used in the past successfully in health education mostly in university curricula. In oral health education, its use is limited and without following a comprehensive structure. An experiential learning oral health education program, implemented in the classroom by a trained teacher, is proposed to be integrated in the school’s curriculum. Initially, using brainstorming students express their opinions and feelings toward oral health. Then, students are allocated to working groups to develop oral health projects. The outcome of these projects is presented in the classroom to their peers through role playing, posters, songs, games, etc., Finally, a discussion is stimulated by the teacher to encourage children to express their feelings about oral health issues and thus experientially recognize the importance of oral health. Experiential learning has been effectively used in health education and can be a successful method for oral health education. For optimal results, a predetermined experiential method structure has to be followed.

Infection control has become a major concern in the health‑care system and health‑care workers, particularly nurses are at high risk of infection. This study, therefore, examined the effect of a training program on attitude and practice of infection control among nurses in two tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria.

This study adopted a pretest–posttest quasi‑experimental design. The sample consisted of 87 participants. The experimental group consisted of 42 registered nurses from Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun state, Nigeria, while the control group consisted of 45 registered nurses from Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was attitude toward components of infection control questionnaire (r = 72) and practice of infection control questionnaire (r = 76). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago IL, USA).

Findings showed that the mean age in the experimental group was 34.92 ± 8.9 while the control group was 47.43 ± 6.6. The average years of experience for the experimental group were 10.42 ± 9.9 while that of the control group were 21.89 ± 8.7. Responses on attitude showed that 30 participants (69%) had positive attitude in the experimental group compared to 21 participants (46.7%) in the control group. The mean difference was 4.02. Significant difference was observed between mean attitude score of participants in the experimental group and control group (P = 0.03), between mean practice score (P = 0.001), and between self‑reported and observed practices (P = 0.000).

The training was effective in improving attitude and practice of infection control. Adequate provision of structured training programs on infection control measures is recommended.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need for reorientation of hospitals toward health promotion (HP).

This study explores health‑care professionals’ perception of barriers and strategies to implementing HP in educational hospitals of Isfahan Province in Iran. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study settings included four selective educational hospitals and the Treatment Administration affiliation to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. SUBJECTS AND

A qualitative content analysis approach was employed in this study, with semi‑structured in‑depth interviews. Eighteen participants from hospital and accreditation managers, nurses, community medicine specialist, and directors of health‑care quality improvement and accreditation participated in the study by purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using content analysis method.

The barriers can be categorized into the following areas: (1) barriers associated with patient and community, (2) barriers associated with health‑care professionals, (3) barriers associated with the organization, and (4) external environment barriers. The results were summarized into four categories as strategies, including: (1) marketing the plan, (2) identifying key people and training, (3) phasing activities and development of feasible goals, and (4) development of strategic goals of health promoting hospitals and supportive policies.

The interactions of individual, organizational, and external environmental factors were identified as barriers to implementation of HP in hospitals. To hospital reorientation toward HP, prioritizing the barriers, and using the proposed strategies may be helpful.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure to an event that causes injury or threat. The prevalence of preeclampsia was reported to be 28%. Considering the significant role of spiritual care in physical and psychological outcomes of patients, this study was conducted to determine “the effect of spiritual care education on postpartum stress disorder in women with preeclampsia”.

In this randomized clinical trial, 72 pregnant women (36 in each group) were selected in a convenient way between the ages of 34 and 38 weeks who had preeclampsia and admitted to two public hospitals in Mashhad. The questionnaires such as Duke University Religion Index, DASS 21, the P osttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), and Prenatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) were used at the beginning in two groups. In the intervention group, first, women were educated each day based on Richards and Bergin’s pattern, in three sessions, which lasted 45–60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed questionnaires such as Prenatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) at the 4th–6th postpartum period. Results were analyzed by independent t‑test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi‑square test, and SPSS version 16.

The mean change score of postpartum stress disorder in the intervention and control groups was different after intervention (P = 0.001).

Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia reduces their risk of postpartum stress disorder. Therefore, this kind of care as an effective intervention is included in the routine care of this group with high‑risk pregnancies.

Patients undergoing hemodialysis have a low level of health and mindfulness technique in mind‑body medicine is used to help patients with chronic illness. Therefore, this clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of the mindfulness program on the general health of patients undergoing treatment with hemodialysis.

Sixty hemodialysis patients were selected through the convenient method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups completed demographic information questionnaire and general health questionnaire. Then, the experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training and the control group received 8 sessions of education in relation to end‑stage renal disease and hemodialysis. Educational sessions were performed for both groups in the second 30 min after hemodialysis for 1 h in six individual sessions and two 1.5 h group sessions. Immediately after and 1 month after the intervention, the General Health Questionnaire was completed by both groups.

Analysis of the findings showed no significant differences between the mean score of general health disorder and its subscales before the intervention in to two groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, after intervention in the experimental group, the mean of general health disorder score decreased from 44.17 ± 12.32 to 21.9 ± 6.4 and 1 month after the intervention, the mean score of this score was 23.6 ± 6.2. The mean score of physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorder, social functioning deficiency, and depression were also significantly lower in the experimental group immediately after intervention and 1 month after the intervention; however, there were no significant differences between the mean of this score immediately and 1 month after the intervention. In addition, the mean score of general health disorder changes immediately and 1 month after the intervention in the experimental group was significantly more than the control group. In the control group, there was no significant difference between the mean score of general health disorder and its subscales before, immediately, and 1 month after the intervention (P > 0.05).

The results of this research showed that mindfulness has been effective in reducing physical and anxiety symptoms, sleep disorder, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms. Therefore, the use of mindfulness as a complementary treatment can improve the general health level in these patients.

Substance abuse and mental disorder often coexist and may cause several consequences in sociooccupational functioning and health care and management. Indian data are sparse in this area.

The aim of the study was to examine the sociodemographic profile, pattern, and prevalence of alcohol and substance use among person suffering with mental illness and to compare with those without mental illness.

A total of 80 treatment‑seeking patients with mental illness and 80 nontreatment seeking healthy accompanying persons were assessed for current substance use. Mental illness was screened using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‑IV Axis I Disorders and the diagnosis was made as per DSM IV, semi‑structured sociodemographic pro forma was also applied. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi‑square and Student’s t‑test.

Substance use was found 2.5 times higher among cases (56.2%) than controls (22.5%). Substance‑using participants comprised mainly males belonging to rural residence. The substance using cases were more unmarried, less educated, poorer economically, and more nuclear family structures that substance‑using controls. When compared with non‑substance using cases, cases with substance use had more males than females and lower education. Although both groups were almost similar in term of marital status, family structure, residence, and socioeconomic status. Among both groups, most common substance use was tobacco, followed by alcohol and cannabis. Although all the substances were more prevalent among cases than controls. The prevalence of any substance use was highest among cases with psychotic disorder (77.3%), followed by unipolar depression (62.5%), bipolar affective disorder (41.7%), and anxiety disorders (21.4%). Tobacco and cannabis use was most prevalent among cases suffering with psychotic disorders, whereas alcohol use was most prevalent among cases suffering with unipolar depression.

Mentally ill individuals are vulnerable to develop substance use, thus they are doubly jeopardized. The susceptibility of these individuals stem from lesser insight, need for stimulation, to decrease the anhedonia induced by psychoactive medicines and poor awareness hence this group of individuals has several health and social consequences; therefore, they require due attention. A better care, support, and education are needed for substance using patients with mental illness to improve their prognosis and also help in their appropriate rehabilitation.

Today, the problem of obesity is a chronic condition that affects all age groups in developed and developing countries. Since adolescence is a transitional period and behavioral patterns formed in this period affect people in their adult years, attention to obesity and extra weight in this age group is more important than other groups. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of nutrition education course on awareness of female 1st‑year high school students of Isfahan based on transtheoretical model ( TTM) of behavioral change.

In this semi‑empirical study, 64 female 1st‑year high school students with weight problem were selected using nonpercent stratified sampling and divided into two control and test groups. Data gathering was carried out using researcher‑made nutrition awareness and stages of change questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. Participants in the test group participated in a 2‑month education with sessions every 2 weeks and received one brochure and 3 educational massages each week. Data were analyzed using independent t‑test and Mann–Whitney test.

The results showed that the average nutrition awareness score of students in test group was significantly higher than control group after intervention. Students in test group were also in higher stages of change compared to control group after intervention.

The results show that TTM was effective in changing nutritional behavior in students.

Beta‑thalassemia is the most severe form of thalassemia major in which where the person needs regular blood transfusions and medical cares. The genetic experiment of prenatal diagnosis (PND) has been effective in the diagnosis of fetus with thalassemia major. This study was aimed to evaluate educational interventions on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self‑efficacy in beta‑thalassemia carriers and suspected couples on doing a PND genetic test in Andimeshk.

In this quasi‑experimental study, 224 beta‑thalassemia carriers and suspected couples were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The data were collected using a researcher‑made validated questionnaire using the self‑administrated method. Before the intervention, questionnaires for both groups were completed, and then, an educational intervention was done for the intervention group during a month in four sessions for 30 min. After 2 months, the questionnaire was completed again by both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

There was no significant difference in the mean score of health belief model (HBM) variables and behavior between intervention and control groups before intervention (P < 0.05). However, after the educational intervention, the significant statistical difference in the mean score of perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, guidance for action, self‑efficacy, and behavior of PND β‑thalassemia genetic tests was observed between the intervention and control groups. (P < 0.001).

Educational programs based on HBM can increase HBM constructs, behavior, and self‑efficacy of beta‑thalassemia carrier couples for doing beta‑thalassemia PND.

Simultaneously along with information technology progress, knowledge has considered as a fundamental base for economic growth for the time being. In today’s knowledge‑based economy, production and exploitation of knowledge play the main roles in the process of wealth creation. The current revolution in information technology has given new light to the importance of knowledge such that it has now become the base of economy in today’s world. In today’s knowledge‑based economy, production and exploitation of knowledge play the main roles in the process of wealth creation. Considering key contributions of knowledge management in competitiveness of organizations and their entry into global arenas, this study sought to evaluate the impact of different aspects of intellectual property on innovations in computer and health information system (HIS) units at selected medical center in the city of Isfahan during 2015.

The present study seeks to evaluate the impact of different aspects of intellectual property on innovations in computer and HIS units at selected medical centers in the city of Isfahan during 2015 (2015). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Population of this research includes staff working in computer and HIS units of 10 medical centers. Data were collected using a questionnaire made by the researcher. A written questionnaire (also referred to as self‑administered questionnaire) is a data collection tool in which written questions are presented that are to be answered by study individuals, where for the case of the present study include staff members working at computer and HIS units of 10 medical centers.

In the first stage, medical factors were determined by experts of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences as intellectual property. Factors were then distributed randomly among 100 employees during a survey, after considering their validity and reliability. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Data analysis showed that innovation is one of the most important indicators of intellectual capital in computer and HIS units of medical centers and has a higher than average importance.

The results of this study, in addition to providing guidelines in the management of intellectual capital in Isfahan province hospitals, can be used as a model for improving innovation in hospitals and understanding various factors affecting organizational innovation.

People with physical disability are vulnerable in disasters because of their mobility limitations. They are unable to escape from hazards and their needs have been somewhat neglected in planning and relief measures.

This study aimed to identify the mobility needs of people with physical disability during earthquakes across different provinces of Iran.

A qualitative study was conducted using 18 semi‑structured interviews with participants who had a kind of mobility disability. The participants, across six provinces of Iran who had experienced an earthquake, were selected by purposive sampling in two ways of snowballing and maximum variation in 2017. Data were analyzed thematically assisted by MAXQDA 10 software.

The mobility needs included house and workplace adaptation, spare assistive devices, easy access to vehicles, special facilities for emergency evacuation, adaptation and accessibility of shelters, adapted bathroom and toilet, and transferring by others.

By considering needs and experiences of people with physical disability in disaster planning, appropriate interventions can be arranged to promote the level of response in disasters. Such measures can have a significant role in maintaining the lives and health of such people.

To provide quality care to the patient’s perspective and patient satisfaction are two major multidimensional concepts. In India, patient satisfaction with dental services has received only minor attention as the importance of the teeth is always neglected.

To assess the satisfaction level among patients toward dental treatment rendered at an academic institution.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 474 voluntary camp patients visiting Department of Public Health Dentistry, Swami Devi Dyal Hospital and Dental College, Barwala, using a 14‑item closed ended questionnaire which included demographic details, attitude, and practices of the participants and their satisfaction level to the treatment rendered to them was graded as highly satisfied, satisfied, and not satisfied. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 which covered both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Curative and preventive treatment was mostly required in younger age groups whereas extraction and prosthetic rehabilitation were found to be present in older age groups. Lack of education and awareness was the most common reason behind not seeking treatment. Majority of the participants were satisfied with the treatment rendered and were found to be statistically significant with visiting and referrals (P < 0.01).

Imparting proper and appropriate information regarding the dental treatment will definitely change the attitude of the patients, thus help in raising the satisfaction levels.

Respiratory diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A sound knowledge of management of respiratory diseases is thus very vital. The clinical exposure of undergraduate medical students is limited to 2 weeks in pulmonary medicine. We hypothesized that the short duration of posting can be best utilized by developing need‑based modules for bedside teaching.

This study aimed to determine gain in knowledge and skills of final‑year medical students in diagnosis and management of common pulmonary diseases and assess students’ perception of the module.

A one‑group pretest‑posttest quasi‑experimental study design enrolled a convenience sample of 48 final‑year medical students. Twenty‑four students were posted at a given time for the bedside clinical posting in pulmonary medicine between August 2013 and November 2013. These students were divided randomly into two groups of 12 students each. All students consented to be part of the study. Two trained faculty taught in rotation. The bedside teaching module was prepared by Delphi technique and curriculum was based on Kern’s six‑step approach. History taking, physical examination, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, chest X‑rays, and spirometry were taught. Students were administered pre‑ and post‑test questionnaires to assess knowledge, while Objective Structured Clinical Examination assessed skills. Students’ feedback questionnaire evaluated the teaching module. A two‑tailed paired sample t‑test assessed mean gain in knowledge and skills. Effect size was calculated by Cohen’s d, while Cronbach’s alpha estimated the reliability testing of perception questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software package IBM SPSS version 23.

Mean pre‑ and posttest knowledge scores were 12.46 (8.09) and 43.17 (10.7), respectively, P = 0.001. Mean pre‑ and posttest skills scores were 7.00 (4.76) and 24.79 (3.31), respectively, P = 0.001, and Cohen’s d showed large effect size. Most students stated that the module enhanced their clinical skills, helped to understand difficult material, and promoted inquiry and thinking. Cronbach’s alpha for perception questionnaire was 0.854.

Structured bedside teaching module in pulmonary medicine improved the knowledge and skills of undergraduate medical students. The contents and various teaching methodologies were evaluated positively