نشریه ‪ آسیب شناسی، مشاوره و غنی سازی خانواده‬
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1399)

Family breakdown is one of the most important psychological and social crises that can lead to major changes in people's lives and performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, optimism, and personality traits of normal couples on the verge of divorce. Research The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was normal couples on the verge of divorce in Gorgan in 2015. A sample of 160 people (80 normal couples and 80 couples on the verge of divorce) was selected by the available sampling method. The tools used in this study included Spiritual Welfare Questionnaire (SWBS), Life Orientation (Lot), and Personality Traits (NEO-FFI). Data were analyzed using the logistic regression modeling correlation method. The results indicate that spiritual well-being with subscales of existential health (r = 3.61) (p = 0.000) and religious health (r = 60.6) (p = 0.598); Optimism (r = 1.58) (p = 0.027) and personality traits with neurotic subscale (r = 3.61) (p = 0.914), flexibility (r = 3.61) (292 /P =), responsibility (r = 3.61) (p = 0.375), extraversion (r = 3.61) (p = 0.004) and pleasantness (r = 3.61) (p = 0.043) Is able to predict the couple on the eve of divorce or normalcy. According to the research findings, the existential dimension of spiritual well-being, optimism, and some personality components such as extraversion and pleasantness, will be able to improve the quality of life and relationships of couples.

Adolescence is one of the most sensitive periods of life due to sexual maturity. Which requires education and empowerment based on sexual health. According to this. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of sexual-based empowerment on high-risk behaviors and improving the self-restraint of adolescent girls with irresponsible parents, aged between 12-18 years old, in the wellness center of the East-Azarbaijan province. The research-based on the quasi method with pretest-posttest experimental design and includes a control group as well. The statistical population of this research was all the adolescent girls with irresponsible parents, aged between 12-18 years old, in the year 2018. This population reached up to 82 individuals selected from two separate children and adolescent centers, of whom 30 adolescent girls were selected purposefully and assigned to two groups of control (including 15 individuals) and experiment (including 15 individuals). The questionnaires were first delivered to adolescent girls, and then they underwent the training of sexual-based empowerment for a duration of 8 sessions. On the contrary, the control group was not exposed to the aforementioned training steps. To collect the data, three questionnaires from sexual abstinence (Jaffari 2007), high-risk behaviors (Gullone& Moore 2000), and high-risk behavior control systems (Zadeh Mohammad & Ahmad-Abadi 2008) were utilized. The data analysis was carried out by using the statistical approach of covariance analysis. The results of the study indicated that the education of the sexual-based empowerment had a significant effect (p<0.05) on high-risk behaviors and its parameters as well as on the sexual self-restraint of the adolescence. According to the findings of this research, it concluded that sexual health education of adolescents with irresponsible parents due to their psychological problems in the wellness center could play a crucial role in reducing the high-risk behaviors as well as increasing self-restraint against sexual problems.

Anger and aggression between couples are one of the most common problems that lead to marital conflicts, domestic violence, and marital dissatisfaction. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of couple therapy of Bernstein's behavioral communication on the aggression of couples. The present research method is a quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. Statistical Population of Couples Research, referring to referred to Dr. Seif counseling centers, Pakravan counseling center and, Sefiddasht Counseling and Mental Health Center; The city of Borujen in the year 2015-2016. Of these, 28 couples (14 women and 14 men) selected by purposeful sampling as a research sample, and 15 couples (7 women and 7 men) were in the experimental group and 15 couples (7 women and 7 men) were in the control group. Both groups responded to the Ahwaz aggression inventory in two stages. The obtained data analyzed by T test and a multivariate covariance method (Mancova). The findings of this study showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in violence and aggression (p = 0.001, t = 4.04) and between participants in anger (p = 0.001, F = 0.63). aggression and insult (p = 0.007, F = 7.81), and stubbornness and resentment (p = 0.001, F = 22.76), there is a significant difference; Therefore, it can be said that Bernstein's communication behavioral training can control the anger and aggression of couples and it can be used to improve marital relations and increase marital satisfaction.

Emotions and coping with them play an important role in intimate relationships and are central to the development and maintenance of these relationships. The purpose of the current investigation was to study the role of emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness in the marital adjustment of married students. To this aim 250 married students among Tabriz University students were selected randomly and then the answered to questionnaires; 216 of total participants (165 women, age Mean 26.38±6.02; 51 men, age Mean 31.45±4.09) returned completed questionnaires. The instruments included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS; Spiner, 1976). The result showed suppression strategy is negatively correlated with four subscales (marital satisfaction, cohesion, consensus, affection) and total score of dyadic adjustment (p<0.01), but reappraisal strategy is just positively correlated with cohesion subscale (p<0.01). Moreover, mindfulness was correlated positively with all subscales and the total score of DAS (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that suppression and mindfulness significantly predicted marital satisfaction (respectively β=-0.20 and β=0.32, p<0.01), cohesion (respectively β=-0.16 and β=0.24, p<0.01), consensus (respectively β=-0.20 and β=0.24, p<0.01), Affection (respectively β=-0.30 and β=0.34, p<0.01), and total score of DAS (respectively β=-0.24 and β=0.33, p<0.01). Findings suggest that the suppression strategy of emotion regulation leads to a decrease in marital adjustment, but mindfulness leads to improvement of marital adjustment.

During the youth period, many problems arise in social life that social support can be one of the coping tools in these situations, but the level of differentiation and cognitive flexibility can play an important role in this. The amount of perceived social support was predicted based on students' self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was female graduate students of Azad University, South Tehran Branch in 2020, whose number was 2,000. The sample size of the study was 322 according to Morgan's table. After distributing the questionnaire due to the lack of cooperation of several students, 160 questionnaires were completed and analyzed correctly. And random cluster sampling method was selected. Based on this, the research tool was Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, and Farley (1988) Social Support Questionnaire, Skorn and Fried Lander (1988) Differentiation Questionnaire, Dennis and Vanderwall's Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010). Data analysis was calculated by the multivariate regression method. Findings showed that my position, integration with others, cognitive flexibility can predict social support, and the variables of emotional responsiveness, emotional escape, differentiation, perception of controllability, perception of behavior justification, perception of different ability options They did not anticipate social support. Integration with others was also identified as the strongest predictor of social support.

Sexual health and having an effective and efficient sexual relationship is not only a sign of mental health but also a disorder in it affects the physical and social health of individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the temperament-based educational program on the sexual satisfaction level of women in Isfahan. The method of this experimental research is pre-test-post-test. It is with the control group. The statistical population of the study is married women in Isfahan in 1399-1400. Among them, 34 people were assigned by accessible sampling method in two experimental groups (n = 17) and control (n = 17). First, the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (2005) was distributed among participants then; experimental group members participated in eight sessions of a temperament-based educational program, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed by the statistical method of analysis of covariance. Findings of this study show a significant difference between experimental and control groups in sexual satisfaction (F = 88.195) and its components of sexual relationship (F = 4.520) and sexual compatibility (F = 7.549) and sexual satisfaction (F = 5/76) and relational anxiety (F = 3.093) and personal anxiety (F = 13.240). (P < 0/05). Therefore, it can be concluded that temperament training increases and improves sexual satisfaction in married women in the city Isfahan, so couple therapists can use this approach to improve couples' relationships and increase marital satisfaction.

Considering the increasing number of orphans and abused children and the numerous problems of these children, it seems necessary to pay attention to the factors that promote academic achievement in these children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glasser group reality therapy training on the self-regulation and academic vitality of female students. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 11 to 13-year-old girls living in the care center for orphaned and abused girls in Qazvin Welfare Organization in 2018. Among them, 26 people were selected by the available sampling method as the research sample and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 13) groups. The experimental group underwent group reality therapy training in Glaser (2001) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes as a group (one session per week), while the control group did not intervene. To collect data, the self-regulatory questionnaires of Bofard, et al (1995), and Dehghani-Zadeh and Hossein-Chari (2012) academic vitality questionnaires used. Analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data. Findings from the analysis of research data showed that by controlling the effect of the pretest, between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in self-regulatory variables (F = 134/45, P = 0/001, η2= 0.89) and academic vitality (F = 617/86, P = 0/001, η2 = 0.61), there was a significant difference. According to the results of this study, group reality therapy can be used as a suitable and effective way to promote students' self-regulation and academic vitality.

Marital distress can destroy the family unit by destroying the couple's relationship. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy on the quality of love and alexithymia in women with marital distress. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group design. The statistical population of the current study included the women with marital distress who were referred to consultation centers in the city of Hamedan in the winter of 2018-19. 30 women were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 women). Three people were withdrawn from both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight ninety-minute intervention sessions of mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy for four weeks twice a week. The applied questionnaires in this study included quality of love (Sternberg, 1986) and alexithymia (Parker, Taylor, and Bagby, 1994). The data were analyzed through the ANCOVA method via SPSS23 and alexithymia in the women with marital distress (P<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient therapy to increase the quality of love and decrease alexithymia in women with marital distress.

Numerous psychological factors are responsible for the occurrence of marital disputes and divorce among couples that need to be treated and controlled. Therefore, this study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the systemic-constructivist couple therapy approach on irrational beliefs and alexithymia of women seeking a divorce. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control groups. The study population included all women seeking divorce referred to counseling centers and family clinics in Tehran in the first six months of 2019, 30 of whom selected by purposive sampling and randomly in experimental and control groups. They assigned in equal proportions. The experimental group received the systemic-constructivist couple therapy approach in 9 sessions of 120 minutes (2 sessions per week); the control group placed on a waiting list. The irrational Beliefs Questionnaire by Jones (1968) and Alexithymia Questionnaire by Bagby et al (1994) used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance used to analyze the data. Findings from the analysis of research data showed that by controlling the effect of pre-test, between the mean post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group in the variables of irrational beliefs (F = 48.78 and η2 = 0.72), And alexithymia (F = 45.23 and η2 = 0.68), there was a significant difference (P <0.001). Overall, according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that systemic-constructivist couple therapy as an effective intervention to correct irrational beliefs and reduce emotional dysfunction of women seeking a divorce, was effective.