International Journal of new Chemistry
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

According to the studies, increasing the injection pressure at the surface will not have much effect on increasing the production flow of the well therefore, taking into account the economic cost, making changes to increase the injection gas pressure is not justified. Increasing the injection gas flow rate will cause a significant increase in the production flow. Therefore, it is recommended that control valves cannot be installed in order to control the injection flow gas due to the operational limitations, by installing appropriate reducers in the injection flow gas path to increase the oil flow. In order to investigate the effect of increasing injection gas flow rate on production from one well, one injection of gas with flow was performed at about 12000000 SCF / DAY and again injection rate was increased to 15000000 SCF / DAY and then the results were compared.

This study relates to an improved method for they preparation of hydrazodicarbonamide, an intermediate in the preparation of azodicarbonamide which is useful as a chemical blowing agent. Hydrazodicarbonamide is prepared by reaction of urea and hydrazine in acidic medium. Hydrazine is a relatively expensive chemical and this is reflected in the cost of materials derived from it. Accordingly any means of effecting a substantial increase in the yield of hydazodicarbonamide from hydrazine is commercially very important. By Series of comparative experiments, Factors of influencing the yield of biurea which is prepared from the condensation reaction between hydrazine hydrate and urea are studied.

In the present work, an activated carbon material has been prepared from date pits to remove zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) from a wastewater. The effect of some parameters on adsorption performance has been investigated. The optimization of operational conditions allowed increasing the adsorption of Zn2+ ions from 33% to 85% and the adsorption of Cu2+ from 23% to 70%. The optimum conditions found are a mass of adsorbent of 4g, a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a ratio of 15 for volume of liquid / mass of solid. It has been shown that the adsorbent has more affinity to the copper ions than zinc ions and the modeling results gave adsorption isotherms type “C”. The results also showed that the kinetics of zinc and copper ions adsorption were described by a pseudo second-order rate model and controlled by the internal diffusion which can be considered as limiting step that controls the rate transfer of these ions to the solid surface.

Functional dye is a new term in the field of dye chemistry which has been specifically designed for high-technology applications such as solar cells, photochromic dyes, liquid crystal, electrophotography, fluorescent sensors and photodynamic therapy. BODIPY and its derivatives as organic fluorophores have optical properties and can be used as potential sensors in various applications for biotechnological, industrial and medical purposes. In this research, a group of a new fluorescent indicators based on BODIPY structure were designed which have been composed from two seven-membered rings including Al or B atoms that has been connected with methine bridge complexed with NH2 or PH2 center. The geometries, optical properties and electronic structures of various designed molecules were studied using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The results of the calculations showed that the new designed structures are stable and highly optically active with considerable quantum yield (Φ) absorption and emission as if is promising candidates for hi-tech different applications.

Herein, a highly efficient, simple, base-free, chemoselective and environmentally-benign strategy was developed for the reduction of nitro compounds using NaBH4 as a hydrogen and electron source in the presence of a bimetallic and low-cost nanocatalyst (Fe3O4@Ni-Co-BTC NPs). Thanks to inimitable structure of Fe3O4@Ni-Co-BTC NPs, this nanostructured catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for the reduction of a wide library of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing aromatic, heteroaromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic nitro compounds. Interestingly, the aforesaid nanocatalyst showed high reactivity and chemoselectivity for the reduction of the nitro group in the presence of other reducible functional groups such as COOH, CHO, COCH3, CN, NHAc and OCOCH3. Furthermore, due to the superparamagnetic nature of Fe3O4@Ni-Co-BTC NPs, it could be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused for at least seven consecutive recycle runs while its activity and selectivity was preserved. Performing the reaction at room temperature and in a green media is another notable feature of the present method.

p-Xylylene bis(triphenylphosphonium tribromide) (XBTPPTB ) could be used for selective oxidation of sulfides and thiols to their corresponding sulfoxides and disulfides as an effective and green reagent, under nonaqueous and aprotic conditions without catalyst. This reagent can be recovered and reused several times. Also it is readily prepared and could be stored for months without losing its potency. To study the effect of solvent, oxidation of benzenethiol was performed in different solvents. Acetonitrile is the best solvent due to the relatively good solubility of the catalyst and starting materials. To study the effect of solvent, oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide was performed in different solvents. Actonitrile is the best solvent due to the relatively good solubility of the catalyst and starting materials. The effect of catalyst amount was investigated and the optimum ratio of reactant to oxidant (1:0.5) is found to be ideal for complete conversion of sulfides and thiols to the corresponded products.

Heme oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that breaks down heme and as a result iron is recycled in most organisms, including the human body. This enzyme produces bilirubin, divalent iron, and carbon monoxide. Heme Oxygenase was first described in the late 1960s [1-3]. Study of the reaction of the peripheral substituents on the heme ring with verdohemes (5-oxaporphyrin iron complexes) offers models that are not very well known. In this work, a theoretical study of destruction reaction of verdohemes was carried out and the effect of peripheral substitutions on its hydrolysis process was investigated. Theoretical calculations show that hydrolysis of verdohemes non-peripheral substituent than hydrolysis of verdohemes with a peripheral substituent done faster. On the other hand, hydrolysis of verdohemes non-environmental is a more energy efficient alternative. To better understand this process, theoretical calculations were performed using the DFT method. Calculations of the stability energy of the compounds showed that the higher the intermolecular interactions of hydrogen, the greater the stability of the compound. Also, the highest stability energy is related to compound D, which has more intermolecular interactions from type of the hydrogen bonds.

In the present investigation, density functional theory with Grimme correction and time-dependent semi-empirical ZINDO/S approaches have been employed to scrutinized supra-molecular triad system as a dye sensitizer and also effect of insertion of Li atom into the C60 cavity. The impacts of the kind of transition metal in the Porphyrin ring and insertion of Li atom in the C60 fullerene on the energies of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and UV–Vis spectra have been considered. Structural optimizations of supra-molecular triad and quantum molecular descriptor (QMD) have been carried out through the SIESTA package. We have analyzed charge transfer between two interacting species trough well-known Mulliken, Hirshfeld and Voronoi charges analysis. In addition light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), electronic transitions, chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity index (ω), electron accepting power (ω+) have been obtained with using the Orca package. We can learn that supra-molecular triad complexes Li@C60–Porphyrin–Metalloporphyrine (M = V, Cr, Ni and Cu) with low energy gap, highest light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) are outstanding efficient as Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) industry.

A green synthetic approach using Pelargonium sidoides root extract was applied and optimized for preparing silver nanoparticles (NSs). The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants and their extracts is considered as a representative approach in material syntheses for environmental benignity.In this research, the root extract of Pelargonium sidoides plant has been used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly manner without the use of toxic substances and aqueous solvents.The synthesized NSs were investigated by X-ray diffraction method (XRD), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and TEM images obtained show that the synthesized NSs have spherical shape with around 22 nm sizes, which is properly consistent with the results of Shearer method. Different parameters affecting the formation performance of nanoparticles such as temperature, pH, concentrations of silver nitrate and root extract and resting time were characterized and optimized.

Given that the implementation of preventive measures and health policies in each country initially requires knowledge of the prevalence of each disease and the prevalence of diseases in different geographical areas are different, the present study aimed at Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in children referred to health centers in Tabriz. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2019 with the participation of all children born in Tabriz (26,044 children). Sampling was by census method and all children were evaluated for TSH and T4 thyroid tests. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed. Recal rate was 6.2% and thus a serum test was performed for these infants and it was found that the prevalence of this disease was equal to 1 case in 289 infants. The prevalence in boys was 1 in 261 births and the prevalence in girls was 1 in 325 births. Thus, the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism is higher in boys than girls, but this difference is not statistically significant (P=0.128). The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the study is higher than the average of other countries and geographical areas, which requires further studies in this area.

Differences in glycemic control of patients in conventional and Basal & Bolus methods can be an influential factor in deciding on the treatment method of choice for a particular patient with a specific background. And has been based on the calculation of carbohydrate content in the diet and multiple injections. In this cross-sectional study, 146 children with type 1 diabetes (conventional methods (n=70) and Basal & Bolus (n=76)) were included in the study during the years 2018 to 2020. Demographic indices, body mass index, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar during the last month and also the amount of HbA1c in the last three periods were measured and compared between the groups. Statistical results showed no significant difference between the two treatments. The average fasting sugar during the last month for the conventional group was 96.81±10.25 and for the Basal & Bolus was 95.59±9.19 (P=0.551). The average fasting sugar two hours after eating during the last month for the conventional group was 115.48±15.59 for Basal & Bolus equals 118.41±11.29. (P=0.489) The difference in the results of studies comparing the conventional and basal&Bollus methods and analog and homologous insulins is not fully interpretable. However, it can be said with certainty that the type of nutrition appropriate to the method and level of patient education and acceptance of treatment by the patient can affect the outcome of glycemic control and the occurrence of complications in a treatment method.

Nausea and vomiting following breast surgery are the most common complications of this surgery; The incidence of these complications varies in different ethnicities and geographical areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the severity of nausea and vomiting following breast surgery at different times. This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed during 2019 and 2020 in Imam Reza Hospital (Tabriz Medical Sciences) with the participation of 174 women candidates for breast surgery. The severity of nausea and vomiting at different times until after discharge was measured and recorded for each patient and its severity changes over time were measured by Chi-square test. The results of nausea showed that the highest rate of nausea was on the day of surgery and the lowest rate of nausea was on the second day after surgery. The highest number of vomiting was in the day after surgery and the lowest amount of vomiting was in two days after surgery. Pain intensity was highest on the first day and lowest on the second day. Although PONV and PDNV have been identified as problems that require clinical management, our ability to prevent these troublesome symptoms, especially nausea, appears to be limited.

Lymphedema following breast cancer is a chronic and debilitating complication of cancer treatment and the purpose of this project is to epidemiologically evaluate the characteristics of patients with lymphedema in patients referred to the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences following breast cancer. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed with the participation of 149 patients during the years 2018 to 2020 in the hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and in patients with lymphedema. Information including lymphedema volume, type of treatment, body mass index and demographic information were recorded in the data collection form and finally reported. 24% of the participants were single or widowed and the rest were married. 41% of participants had a body mass index below 30 and the rest had a body mass index above 30. Depending on the type of surgery, 71% of patients underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy and the rest had Conservative surgery for their treatment. 94% of patients received chemotherapy, 83% received radiation therapy and 71% received hormone therapy. In 75% of patients, more than 10 lymphatic groups were removed during surgery, and in the rest, less than 10 lymphatic groups were removed. 36.9% of patients had a history of lymphangitis attack. The results of this study showed that high body mass index, old age, removal of lymph masses more than 10 and receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy drugs are risk factors for lymphedema.

Medical disciplines need to be aware of the vital and life-saving measures of individuals and patients; Therefore, all of them must be properly trained in CPR and master it. The aim of this study was to compare endotracheal intubation training on mannequins and normal patients in anesthesia students. This descriptive study was conducted in 2018 with the participation of 40 sixth semester students of anesthesiology. Before the test, all of them took theory courses, and then they took practice courses and were tested; One group performed on the mannequin and the other group performed on the patient. Finally, the results were compared between the two groups. The pre-test scores in group A were 08.15 ± 05.2 and in group B were 51.14 ±38.1, which did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. (P=0.325) Post-test scores were 89.17 ±08.0 in group A and 51.1 ±01.21 in group B, which showed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.012). Intubation training on mannequins scored higher than the normal patient, and the researchers of the present study conclude that before intubation and any practical skills, students have passed the theory units well and then learned the skills. Practice on mannequins and finally improve their skills on patients, and before any practical action on the patient, it is necessary to perform practical skills on mannequins

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially fatal complication with numerous risk factors. Low vitamin D levels may also play a role in the development of this complication. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine serum vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with DVT following total mastectomy.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 122 mastectomy candidates who had postoperative DVT in hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between 2017 and 2020. The chi square test was used to investigate the serum vitamin D level prior to surgery and its role in the occurrence of DVT.

The findings suggested that low vitamin D levels were associated with the development of DVT, and that low vitamin D levels were lower in older people, those with a high BMI, and women with diabetes mellitus.

DVT after mastectomy is caused by a low serum vitamin D level, and older age, high BMI, and diabetes can all contribute to the exacerbation of this complication.

Mastectomy is a surgical procedure that can adversely affect mental health aspects and even quality of life (OOL) of patients. However, more research is needed to address this issue. This study hence aimed to investigate the psychological factors affecting OOL of breast cancer patients after mastectomy.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 360 women (180 healthy women in the control group and 180 mastectomized women in the case group) at hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS) from 2018 to 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and the data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The results showed that the mastectomized patients (the case group) experienced higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression and poorer personality traits compared to the normal women (the control group). As a result, QOL was lower in mastectomized patients than in the control group. Discussion and

The study findings suggested higher prevalence of mental illnesses among the mastectomized women because they experienced higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression and exhibited much poorer personality traits. All these variables reduced the QOL of such women.