نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 41 (بهار 1401)

Nowadays, the approach of social capital has become one of the effective factors in the development of sustainable urban productivity. Components of social capital in the field of participatory regeneration in the neighborhoods of Mahdi al-Qadam and Haftasyab in Urmia. The statistical population of the study includes two groups of urban experts and citizens. The methods of analysis are also based on the two methods of Swara and Mabac, which have been used in weighting the proposed components of the research and ranking the research options, respectively. The research findings indicate that the indicators of public safety and presence in local communities were the highest, respectively, and commitment to religious teachings and public interest had the lowest level of importance and value. Also, according to the final results, Mahdi Al-Qadam neighborhood of Urmia has a better situation than Haft Asyab neighborhood in terms of social capital components. Finally, some suggestions have been made to improve the current situation.

The dilapidated structures of Isfahan face a complex combination of social, economic and environmental problems; That urban regeneration takes steps to solve these problems by using the tools of empowering a cohesive community and promoting the active participation of citizens. This process in the context of cyberspace seeks to facilitate communication between citizens and officials; Electronic authorization is introduced. One of the methods of implementing the electronic authorization process in cyberspace is the use of requirements engineering method, which is introduced based on the identification of requirements and its analysis, system users and their activities. This study has been compiled with the aim of achieving the analysis of users' needs and their activities in order to realize the process of electronic authorization based on the Use Case. Based on this, this article is a research with features such as inductive, applied and descriptive-analytical, which determines the system requirements by using the jury method and content analysis method using Atlas ti software. Requirements analysis shows that users of the electronic authorization process system, including residents of worn-out tissues of Isfahan, facilitator, technical expert and trainer, are responsible and the activities of each based on the authorization process and requirements in Visual Paradigm software as a use case diagram; Displayed as Integrated Modeling Language (UML). The diagrams used are a demonstration of how the relationship between the user and the activities in the cyclical system of the electronic empowerment process for the residents of the worn-out urban tissues of Isfahan.

Regional development is a prominent goal in environmental and spatial planning in recent decades, which includes various programs aimed at facilitating the promotion of economic and social components, reducing environmental damage and increasing the safety and security of the region in the face of various disasters and crises. Therefore, security components are the main pillars of achieving regional development and the purpose of this study is to identify the key drivers affecting the realization of sustainable security in Lavasanat region based on passive defense criteria. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Also, the statistical population of the research includes officials, managers and experts in the field of passive defense in Lavasanat region which the sample size is determined based on the Delphi method of 100 people. In order to analyze the research information, the partial least squares method has been used in Smart-pls software. Findings indicate that the most important drivers for achieving sustainable security in Lavasanat region based on passive defense are related to prevention-based management, readiness-based management and proper physical-environmental planning for which the structural model score is 0.823, 0.753 and 0.677, respectively. Also, among the sub-drivers, the most effective is related to the inter-organizational communication drivers in order to maximize the participation of related organizations in the phase of preventing the effects and results of crises, forming decision-making and guiding support systems and databases based on statistics and geo-geographical information to identify and prioritize accident hotspots.

Rural areas as a rule of national system and activity play a key role in national development; Because the sustainable development of the land depends on the sustainability of the rural system as a constituent component of the land system and the sustainability of rural spaces in various dimensions can play an effective role in regional and national development. Its effects and consequences are not only rural areas; Rather, it will cover urban areas and, ultimately, the land as a whole.One of the effective factors in rural development is management and planning. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of strategic management in sustainable rural development (Case study: Central part of Sirik city). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study was experts and specialists in the central part of the circus city, 60 of whom were purposefully selected.The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software as well as swot analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of t-test showed that strategic management has an essential role in sustainable rural development. Also, physical, social, environmental and economic criteria play an essential role in sustainable rural development in Sirik city.

Lahijan city with its many natural and cultural attractions has always been one of the tourist centers in Gilan province. The rural areas of this city, with its pristine natural environment in each of the mountainous, foothill and plain-coastal areas, as well as cultural and human attractions, is one of the main tourist destinations of the city. However, the expansion of tourism flows in this city, which is generally accompanied by insufficient planning and management, has had many positive and negative effects in the fields of economic, environmental and physical-spatial.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between second homes and vulnerabilities in rural areas of Lahijan city. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included experts and experts of Lahijan city, 125 of whom were purposefully selected.The instrument used was a researcher-made viability questionnaire whose validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was 0.79. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between all components of livability and tourism of second homes and the expansion of second homes in mountainous and forested areas has been more than coastal areas and the effects of the physical part of home tourism. The second has been more than other sections.

This paper presents a conceptual framework for research on travel behavior by defining the scope of the research goal and conceptualizing the traveler as a transport network actor in terms of infrastructure, human networks, and addressing the social content of activities. Also, the study and analysis of passenger behavior in the middle cities of Iran (Birjand), including the frequency of travel of different people per day, the purpose of travel and mode selection is presented. Then, the differences between Birjand city in Iran and developed countries (USA, UK and Netherlands) in passenger behavior are compared, and the obtained data are analyzed. This research is of a fundamental type and its method is a combination (quantitative-qualitative) in the form of survey, descriptive and analytical. The statistical population of the study is selected from the users of Birjand public transportation network and the statistical sample size is selected based on Cochran's formula, during which 389 people including 202 men and 187 women are selected. The results show that people over the age of 60 choose to go shopping, entertainment and physical education more than those under the age of 60. Women shop more than men, on the contrary, more men choose entertainment and physical education than women. As people get older, more and more people choose walking as the main mode of travel, and less people choose bicycles or motor cars to travel.

Attention to cultural tourism around the world has been growing in recent years, which is due to the growing attention to cultural heritage, growth and development of national and international travel, and on the other hand, the identification of domestic tourism capacities, especially tourism. Culture as an economic stimulus has greatly contributed to the development of cultural tourism by preserving local culture. In Iran, it is possible to develop cultural tourism, especially in cities such as Khaf, due to the existence of numerous subcultures, rich cultural and artistic works and the originality of handicrafts. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of cultural tourism indicators in the development of Khaf city. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Field-library method has been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is the tourists of Khaf city. The sample size was considered 190 using Cochran's formula. A questionnaire was randomly distributed among them. The data of this study were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. Findings show that all indicators of cultural tourism are desirable from the perspective of tourists in Khaf city except the index of access to the city and providing services to tourists, so to develop cultural tourism we need to develop access infrastructure in this city. More about this source textSource text required for additional translation informationSend feedback Side panels.

According to three indicators, comfort and convenience conditions without heat or cold stress for tourists in Yasuj city, 6 to 7% of the total days of the year, i.e. about one month, which is based on the PET index, in April and based on PMV and SET indices are in late May and early June. According to PET and PMV indices, the tourism climate in Yasuj in a year is mainly cold to very cold with severe to very severe cold stress, while the conditions of the tourism climate according to the SET index are cool to very cool. Compared to the climatic realities, it seems that the PMV index better than the other two indicators reflects the tourism calendar of Yasuj city both in terms of determining the most appropriate tourism time and in terms of the main conditions of the tourism climate during the year. Regarding the study of the trend of tourism climate indicators and the parameters affecting them, the results show that the parameters of dry temperature and vapor pressure from February to July have an increasing trend and from August to January have a decreasing trend. The parameters of humidity, wind speed and cloudiness from February to July have no trend and from August to January have a decreasing trend. PET, SET and PMV indices have a trend in all months of the year except July, so that they have an increasing trend from February to July and a decreasing trend from August to January.

Due to the time consuming and uneconomical use of dynamic models, the use of downscaling climatic exponential methods has increased. In this study, the results of HadGEM2-ES, MIROC and NoerESM1-M climatic models that were calibrated by CCT toolbox after simulating daily climatic parameters of daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature in the Karganrood basin in Gilan province, Iran. The meteorological data of Bandar Anzali synoptic station during 1975-2018 was used as the observation period. Daily parameters of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature of Karganrood watershed were simulated under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the next three periods of 2050-2025, 2051-2075 and 2100-2076, respectively, and compared with the observation period. NS, R2 and RMSE evaluation indices were used to evaluate the climate models HadGEM2-ES, MIROC and NoerESM1-M. The results of this study showed that the comparison of changes in future temperature data of the region using climatic models used with the observation period according to Mann-Kendall test is not random and under the influence of factors, in addition to correlation, a significant trend showed that the highest levels of significance were related to maximum temperature (Z = 4.04) and minimum temperature (Z = 4.6) at 95% confidence level in NoerESM1-M climate model and in the next period of 2051- 2075, respectively is under RCP8.5 scenario and its rate is increasing.

During historical periods, numerous biological hazards and epidemics such as malaria, influenza, etc. on a global scale have caused irreparable damage to human habitats. Meanwhile, one of the biological hazards that has spread to all parts of the world since 2019 is the outbreak of the corona virus (Covid-19). Considering the negative effects of this disease (human health, social and economic) in different areas and living conditions of cities, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of this risk in urban areas of Tabriz and provide solutions to improve the situation and exposure to other epidemics. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-exploratory nature which has been used the qualitative model of Q-factor analysis for data analysis. The statistical population of the study also includes managers and urban experts and academic elites whose sample size was determined using the Delphi method of 15 people. Based on the model of factor analysis of Q and variance extracted, it can be said that three factors or economic, environmental and socio-individual effects have been expressed in line with the effects of Corona virus in Tabriz, which explain 76.822% of the total variance. Also, the most important effects of the coronavirus outbreak are related to economic components such as weakening the economic structure of the city, loss of job security, lower incomes and savings, and rising unemployment and downsizing in some economic sectors.

Temperature assessment and forecasting is one of the most practical estimates of climatic elements. Today, the agricultural and industrial sectors are highly dependent on the temperature conditions. Temperature is one of the most important climatic meters that is one of the main factors in the climate identity of each region. The purpose of this study is to make a model for predicting the average monthly seasonal temperature of selected stations in Lorestan province, including Al-Shatrami region. Identification and detection of vulnerabilities in the infrastructure of Aleshtar districts in the conditions of climate change. And due to the inadequacy of the 30-year time series of Al-Ashtarl, neighboring cities such as Khorramabad-Aleshtar-Borujerd synoptic stations have been used, because the artificial neural network method has a great ability to simulate and predict atmospheric elements. And the weather, especially the temperature. To model and predict the seasonal monthly temperature, the r programming tool software of the fOre gast package has been used. Two tests of estimator trend analysis have been used. The 30-year time series trend of these elements was examined during the basic statistical period (1989-2019). The climate cycle was reported and extracted under two scenarios: NNAR and forEgast. The artificial neural network is one of the most powerful models capable of receiving and displaying complex Data input and output is one of the most widely used neural network (NNA) models to determine the best network inputs.