نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 44 (زمستان 1399)

Introduction and Purpose of the Research:

Cities, as the dominant form of human habitation around the world, remain in direct contact with humans. The urban man of the new age, who sees the world as an integral part of science and knowledge, is influenced by it and influences it. Development in the new age is a complex matter that can only have a forward-looking approach. Knowledge-Based urban development is the basis of the development of progressive cities in the world. The purpose of this study is the criteria and indicators of knowledge-based urban development in the three metropolises of Tehran, Mashhad and Isfahan.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Four criteria and seventeen indicators were extracted from the qualitative content analysis method and after screening by ten experts and theoretical consensus with four criteria and ten indicators were established. Quantitative data were extracted from each metropolis and Gray Relational Analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Findings show that metropolises have growing potentials according to the indicators of knowledge-based urban development and if they pay attention to the main criteria of knowledge-based development, they have the necessary capacity for this.

Tehran metropolis is in the first place, Mashhad metropolis is in the second place and Isfahan metropolis is in the third place.

The feeling of happiness as a psychological and social phenomenon is influenced by the direct and indirect experiences of people of the environmental conditions that human beings need to achieve a healthy life and social continuity. The purpose of this study is based on the environmental semantic model with the aim of explaining the role of physical-functional and semantic factors of happiness in the realization of mental awareness of inhabitants in residential areas.

The present study is a quantitative content analysis and data collection in a citation-library method along with field survey and interview. The field of research is theories related to happiness from 1996-2020.

The results of the research indicate that based on the opinions of experts from the past to the present, happiness; With the help of factors such as, objective, behavioral and mental elements specific to each place are obtained, and therefore to achieve happiness, the physical factor 55.80%, the individual factor 22.97% and the behavioral factor 21.23% they are important. But according to the field survey and interviews with the present researchers; physical factors are 53.87%, individual factors 26.60% and behavioral factors 19.53% are effective in happiness and these two views are 95% consistent.

Therefore, on average, the average percentage of the impact of factors; objective 54.82%, behavioral 20.38% and mental 24.80% are effectively the categories of happiness factors in achieving mental awareness of inhabitants in residential spaces.

Introduction & Objective of the research:

 Saving water consumption to save and sustain life on earth This is a basic principle, so citizenship education as a basis for participation, creating knowledge and interaction with the environment to protect environmental culture.Investigating the role of citizenship education in proper water consumption in Tehran (case study of regions 2 and 16).

This research is a quantitative method and data collection was done by survey. The statistical population of the study was 467611 people from the 2nd and 16th districts of Tehran. The sample size was 382 people and the method of sampling method was random.In this study, the face validity of the questionnaire was used for validity and Gronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 27 questions. In this study, data analysis method was used.Inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficients, Kendall and multivariate regression have been performed.

The results of this study have shown that there is a significant relationship between proper water consumption and citizenship education.

The results of this study have shown that the role of citizenship education in districts 2 and 16 of Tehran has been effective in the field of proper water consumption and in this study it can be said that the value of correlation coefficient (R) between variables is 0.300 which showsThere is a strong correlation between (citizenship education in the field of water consumption).But the value of the adjusted coefficient (R2) which is equal to 0.090, which shows that 9% of the changes in citizenship education are in the field of water consumption.Therefore, citizenship education in the field of water consumption in the city of Tehran (studied in areas 2 and 16) is effective.

The main purpose of this study is to Provide solutions to make the Soundscape musical in the city's public parks in small dimensions in order to increase the level of calmness, sense of place and vitality in the environment with the help of pleasant sounds of the space.

The statistical population of this study is the users of Mellat Beach Park in Urmia. The sample size was obtained using the Cochran's formula for an unknown statistical population and is 170 which was randomly completed in the range. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research with an applied purpose. Data analysis was performed both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews were analyzed.

Findings indicate that there is a direct relationship between the two variables of quality of public space and sound space in the environment with a correlation coefficient of 0.408, And on the other hand, the use of pleasant music in parks and public green spaces according to people's opinions, by 87.1% increases the vitality of the space and increases or creates a sense of place.

The increasing progress of the society adds to its problems and it is necessary to take steps to solve these problems such as the anonymity of the designed places, not paying attention to the sound space of the designed spaces, not paying enough attention to designing the spaces for the people. Finally, using the Appleyard model, operational, reactive-emotional and inferential, solutions are presented.

Introduction and purpose of the research: 

Rapid changes of cities occur without regarding the environmental and cultural status and structures that interrupt integrated memories of city dwellers besides the ignorance of physical qualities. Urban spaces are the home to communal life and social conversation or discourse in a context with components responding to the place qualities. This research is seeking to discover the quality of creating collective memory through city dwellers encounter with Tajrish square.

This essay has been chosen according to the qualitative, analytical and interpretive research approaches along with phenomenological ground of embodied sensory perceptions and from Merleau-Ponty’s point of view, and also open, axial and selective coding methods. In the current study, in-depth interviews and responses given from interviewees have been used in order to the exploration of memorable components of a place through embodied perceptions.

The embodied sensory perception, which puts special importance on the perception of a place among conscious experiences and existential status of the human being in the world, can enhance lived experience of being in the world through the sensory perceptions and its transformation within conceptual processes, and eventually, end up with the memorable semantic experience of Tajrish square in a time-based process. The perusal that seeks to qualitative perception resulted from the human existence in space, sensory and embodied perceptions, human’s experience in space, imaginations and fantasies, preconceptions and pre-assumptions, and the creation of a semantic environment with the help of human’s conceptual information.

The results show that the memorability of Tajrish square follows the interaction between the plaza and the conceptual, physical and socio-cultural indications of city dwellers. This extends by pre-reflective perceptions and so embodied consciousness occurs. Tajrish as a memorable urban plaza shows off its ability for the representation and readability of physical and identity attributes and functional roles and provides the possibility of rhetoric and memorability of a space.

Introduction and purpose of the research:

 One of the main criteria to measure the success of a building project is completing it in accordance with the predicted costs.  In Iran, like many undeveloped and developing countries, the construction cost overruns are among the key issues many sections face. The city of Mashhad, as the second largest city in Iran, in the last two decades, has faced rapid urban growth and an increase in the construction, and ignoring the causes of cost overrun has led to an increase in the price of buildings. This study is aimed at identifying and ranking the factors influencing the cost overrun in construction projects in Mashhad to allow for improving the construction condition and achieve higher economic productivity.

The research has a quantitative approach and an applied objective. The components of the study, i.e., the factors influencing the cost overrun in building projects, were extracted using library studies and reviewing similar studies. Then ranked using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and the Best-Worst Technique (BWM) with the help of Excel, SPSS and Lingo software.

The findings of RII method show that according to consultants and contractors, the three factors of “poor project management, material price fluctuations and inflation” are the main causes of cost overrun in Mashhad. Owners believe that the “lack of contractor experience” factor also has a significant impact. The findings of the BWM method indicate that in addition to poor management, “poor initial planning” and “inflation” are of great importance.

The results show that the factors such as “poor project management, poor initial planning, market inflation, and mistakes during construction” are the main reasons for the cost overrun in the production procedure of building projects in Mashhad.

Introduction and Goal of Research:

 In recent decades, the protection of visual streetscapes has been raised as one of the most important issues in the field of heritage of historic cities. The streetscape of Karim Khan Zand Street, Shiraz is one of the most valuable ones for which not only a protection plan has not been prepared but it has been seriously threatened by the continuation of the current trend. On the other hand, from the past to the present, measuring the quality of visual streetscapes by referring to the characteristics has been one of the most important urban design concerns. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to measure the quality experience of the person presents in the space from the street perspective using the customer experience management method, that according to this method, the person is as a customer who encounters the space as a commodity.

Method of Research: 

In order to achieve the goal of the research, the conversion of quality not into quantity but into more tangible and comprehensible components that can be measured quantitatively or geographically, a mixture of quantitative and qualitative approaches has been used. In order to advance the research, the five experiences of individuals from the study space have been analyzed using the questioning technique of the statistical population of the study population, including space actors, residents and merchants. In the next step, writing interviews, extracting data codes, evaluating the five layers of customer experience, touch points and modeling human activity, and scoring a variety of integrated visual streetscapes analysis experiences based on the Likert scale were performed, respectively.

The results indicate that the first spatial sequence of the street with an average score of 5.4 compared to the second sequence with a score of 5 is in a better condition and the experience of action (with a score of 6.5), sensory experience (with a score of 5.5), emotional experience and communication experience (with a score of 5) and finally thinking experience with a score of 4, have the highest score in this street.

According to the statistical population and the inferences of the researchers, the contact points identified in both sequences are in two very effective and relatively effective categories, which include the space related to the gathering of people, memorable functions and the first activities started in Shiraz. With the aim of improving the current state of the street, strategies such as preparing the way for social interactions, creating harmony between the body and the historic space and contemporary changes in it to meet the needs of today's citizens, providing suitable conditions for using space in different times of the day and night for different categories of society and to facilitate movement in the public sphere for all individuals.