پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال چهارم شماره 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

One of major goals of psychological sciences and celestial religions is development and transformation of people. “Repentance” is the most important and useful word in the Holy Quran that refer to the necessity of restructuring and transformation of human. According to Quranic verses and sayings of religious figures, repentance has two major meanings: 1) “repentance” as basic approaching to God (come to belief). In this sense, it is opposed to words such as “Tavalli” and “Eraz” that correspond to basic avoidance from God. 2) “repentance” as approaching to God from mistake and specific sins. In this sense, it corresponds to such phrases such as “insisting on sin”. Based on semantic functions of repentance, we could consider at least four psychological functions for repentance: a) “making and improving the meaning of life”, b) “reducing psycho-spiritual struggles and conflicts”, c) “increased mental health”, and d) “increased divinity development”. We could place these functions into a hierarchical model, in which reduced psycho-spiritual struggles and conflicts are at low level, increased mental health and making and improving meaning are at the middle level, and increased divinity development is at the top.

Given the adjustment problems of mothers of autistic children, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of quality of life based on Islamic spiritual therapy on the social adjustment of mothers with autistic children. The statistical population included all the mothers of children with autism disorder referring to the Ardakan city’s Rahetarbiat center in 2018. From the statistical population of the study, 4 people were selected by convenience sampling. The Bell Social Adjustment Questionnaire was used. Participants during 8 sessions were instructed the quality of life based on Islamic spiritual therapy. The questionnaires were implemented at the first session (baseline), third, fifth, and eighths session to measure social adjustment of the mothers. Using analytical method and repeated measures variance analysis, data were analyzed. Results showed that treatment of quality of life based on spirituality has a significant effect on social adjustment of mothers with Autistic children in Ardakan city. Results indicated that quality of life based on Islamic spiritual therapy help to improve mental health of mothers of autistic children, including their social adjustment.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion education with a monotheistic integrated treatment approach on reducing depression in housekeeper women. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental method using a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all housekeeper women in Kerman. Using the convenience sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). Participants filled out Beck Depression Inventory (1993) in pre-, post-tests. Compassion training with an integrated monotheistic approach was presented to the members of the experimental group in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention during the experiment. At the end, the research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results showed that compassion education with a monotheistic integrated treatment approach was effective on depression in housekeeper women and reduced depression in women.

The purpose of this study was to predict psychological hardiness based on religious beliefs and attributional styles of married women. This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all married women in district five of Tehran. The sample consists of 85 people who were selected through simple random sampling. The Hardiness Questionnaire (Kobasa, 1979), the Seligman et al. (1983) attributional styles questionnaire, and the Allport and Ross’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (1976) were used. Using multivariate regression analysis, data were analyzed by the SPSS software. Study findings showed that general/specific style and intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations could predict psychological hardiness while stable/unstable and internal and external styles could not. The strongest predictor of psychological hardiness is intrinsic religious orientation. It can be concluded that general/specific attributional style, along with intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations, can influence the psychological hardiness of married women.

The aim of this study was to compare spiritual intelligence, early maladaptive schemas, and religious attitudes in female students with intact and divorce families. The research method was descriptive post-event (causal-comparative). The statistical sample includes high-schooler girls in Gorgan city in the 2014-2015 academic year. The statistical sample included 35 girls with divorce and 35 girls with intact families. Convenience sampling method was applied. To collect the data, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Young’s Schema Short Form, and Braheni’s Religious Attitudes Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient correlation test and multivariate analysis of variance. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and schemas incompatible with religious attitudes in girls with intact families. Also, the average spiritual intelligence and religious attitude is higher in girls with intact families than girls with divorced families. In addition, the average of early maladaptive schemas in girls with intact families was lower than girls with divorced families.

The purpose of this study was to predict psychological hardiness based on religious beliefs and attributional styles of married women. This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all married women in district five of Tehran. The sample consists of 85 people who were selected through simple random sampling. The Hardiness Questionnaire (Kobasa, 1979), the Seligman et al. (1983) attributional styles questionnaire, and the Allport and Ross’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire (1976) were used. Using multivariate regression analysis, data were analyzed by the SPSS software. Study findings showed that general/specific style and intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations could predict psychological hardiness while stable/unstable and internal and external styles could not. The strongest predictor of psychological hardiness is intrinsic religious orientation. It can be concluded that general/specific attributional style, along with intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations, can influence the psychological hardiness of married women.