پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال نهم شماره 18 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

The main purpose of this study was to test the factorial structure of the religious orientation scale to get the shortest form of it.  The current research was conducted through a correlational method. A sample of 446 university students was selected through convenience sampling method from Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University and University of Qom. The participants completed the religious orientation scale. To attest the reliability and construct validity of the scale Cronbach’s alpha and factorial analysis were used. Data were analyzed through the Pearson correlation and split-half methods. The results showed that the revised form of religious orientation scale consisted of three factors: Ritual orientation and Communication with Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them); religion-orientation; God orientation and belief in the afterlife. The high coefficient alpha (0.95) of the scale was an indicator of its reliability. Based on these findings, this scale has high reliability and validity; consistent factors are obtained from it. This scale may be used to study the religiosity of people and be applied in clinical settings and future researches.

Spiritual factors and religion have fundamental role in people’s psychological and physical health. Seeking help from God, called “esteanat” in Islamic sources, is one these factors that have been studied constantly. This research aims to introduce a conceptual model of styles of seeking help from God based on Islamic sources (Quran and hadith). Using qualitative component analysis, conceptual components of seeking help from God were extracted from Islamic texts. In doing so, Islamic sources related to the subject of study in Quranic verses and Ahadith were selected using categories of the book “Nahj-ol-Doaa”. To determine the conceptual component we used categorizing the codes and centralization of concepts. The extracted components, along with their documents, were presented to experts in religious studies and psychology; in this way the content validity was approved. The results showed that, based on Islamic texts, the styles of seeking help from God are mainly of five main ways: ritualistic, bodily expressions, situational, coping, and compensational. The sum of these characteristics show the styles of seeking help from God.

Islamic Psychology is the scientific study of “nafs” and its functions so that with the discovery or construction of rules of nafs helps people with their mental health and making a good life in line with the transcendent goal that God the Almighy has determined for mankind. This has been the subject of religious scholars in Iran, cultural concerns, and some scientific institutes. In this paper we aimed to review historical and recent publications in order to provide the knowledge on past, present, and future trends of Islamic psychology in Iran. In doing so, we first reviewed the history if Islamic psychology in Iran evolving two poles: “the frontiers” and “movements in the current century”; then scientific publications and institutions active in the field of Islamic psychology have been introduced and finally the limitations of future directions of Islamic psychology in Iran have been discussed. Our findings showed that along with publications of well-known Islamic scholars such as al-Farabi, Avicenna, Zakariya al-Qazwini, Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, psychological works are traceable in Shiite well-known scholars such as al-Kulayni, al-Saduq, Sayyed Ibn Tawus, and Sharif Radhi. Among the work of scholars of 1300s-1900s, such as Suhrawardi, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mulla Sadra, Fayz Kashani, and Molla Ahmad Naraqi there are some psychological ideas. Islamic psychology in the current century has gone through four stages: preparation; refinement and the first wave of establishment; the establishment; comparison and second wave of establishment. Islamic psychological work in recent decades have manifested itself in “books”, “journals”, “symposiums”, and “curriculums”. To date, around 90 books, 13 scientific journals, 14 national and international symposiums, hundreds of theses and dissertations, and scientific meetings have been produced and introduced; 10 academic programs have been established; and there are some scientific institutions of Islamic psychology in the shape of 10 “research and education centers”, 3 “scientific associations”, and 6 “centers for psychological services”.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of forgiveness therapy based on spirituality-religion in reducing marital conflicts of wives of addicted husbands. Among the wives of drug addicts who referred to drug clinics in Tabriz city, 30 people were selected through convenient non-random sampling and filled out the research questionnaire. In the pre-test stage, all clients completed the Marital Conflicts Questionnaire. The treatment model consisted of 9 sessions of 60 minutes. At the end of the research, both groups were evaluated again. The research data was analyzed through univariate analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that forgiveness treatment based on spiritual-religious treatments on marital conflict and its subscales (decreasing cooperation, sexual relationship, increasing emotional reactions, increasing children's support, increasing personal relationship with relatives, and separating affairs financial) in the experimental group has significantly reduced. Based on these results it can be said that forgiveness therapy based on spirituality-religion may be effective in reducing the marital conflict of women with addicted husbands.

The aim of the current research is to examine the relationship between the dimensions of religiosity and resilience with the mediation of hope and coping styles. For this purpose, questionnaires were sent to a number of Persian-speaking users of social networks (such as Rubika, WhatsApp, and Telegram). 202 people filled out the questionnaire booklet which included: 1) Religiosity Scale; 20 Resiliency Scale; 3) Hope Scale; and 4) Coping Styles Scale. Results showed that a positive relationship between religiosity and resilience, a positive relationship between resilience and hope, as well as a positive relationship between resilience and coping styles. The mediating role of hope between religiosity and resiliency was confirmed. But the alternative path that is the mediating role of coping styles between resiliency and religiosity was not confirmed. We came to the conclusion that there is a relationship between religiosity and resilience only through hope showing that only the religiosity that results from hope or exists in hope causes resilience.

The purpose of this research was to determine the difference between Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, social adaptation, and quality of life of families according to the use and non-use of Persian language satellite networks in Tabriz city. The statistical population of the current research is made up of all the citizens of Tabriz city in 2022. Sampling in this research was done by multi-stage cluster sampling method. 384 people were selected. This research is a comparative causal research and it was done cross-sectionally. The measurement tools included: Iranian-Islamic lifestyle questionnaire, quality of life scale, and social compatibility questionnaire. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using the independent t-test. The findings of the research showed that Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, quality of life, and social adaptation of families are different according to the use and non-use of Persian language satellite networks.