نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 28 (پاییز 1400)

Space is a product of complex and different interactive forces influenced by social, economic, political and natural causes. In different economic, political, social and natural situations, space has a distinct and different pattern. Changes in the structure and organization of the spatial matrix of every territorial region is affected by different and multiple forces that emerge as firstly and secondary changes. Obviously, one of the change levers affecting the spatial structure and organization of the currents in a region is the activity pattern in that region, especially industry distribution. The focus of this paper is on the analysis and recognition of the changes in the spatial structure of industry and the system of the currents affecting it in South Alborz District, with an emphasis on commodity transport trucks movements. Therefore, Standard Deviational Ellipse, Global Moran, K-Reply, and … tests were used in Arc GIS software and centrality, betweenness, density, core-periphery and closeness statistical analysis tests were used in UCINET and NET DRAW software to analyze the spatial organization of the currents. The whole analysis showed that Tehran is the main city in the region with a mono-centric regional structure. However, gradual and incremental changes have also happened in recent years indicating the change of the spatial structure of the city in adaptation to its spatial organization.

Residential building configuration system in historical contexts is formed following climatic rules in response to cultural and social norms, and despite formal similarities, it follows certain rules. In recent decades, following the accelerated intrusion and manipulation of the old part of the cities, the issue of adaptability of modern housing has become one of the main concerns and challenges in the specialized community. Examining the constructed patterns narrates the ugliness of the residential building configuration system and the incompatibility of the modern housing with the historical part and the lack of coexistence between them. The research questions address how adaptability and flexibility affect the spatial configuration and to what extent the infill patterns of housing in Taher and Mansour Neighborhoods of Kashan (a city in Iran) have been able to adopt to the historical context. The study seeks to improve the quality of housing in the historical context by examining the residential building configuration system in the historical context of Kashan during the years 1956-2019 and assess the compatibility of the modern patterns with the existing rules in Taher and Mansour Neighborhoods. This study employs a qualitative method based on library studies, field evaluations and analysis. First, the factors affecting the configuration and adaptability of the optimal housing patterns have been investigated, and then the aerial photographs of the study area were drawn in Autocad environment and based on nature, Depth Map and GIS software were used to analyze the criteria. Based on the findings, the change of the construction pattern of houses from four sides (central courtyard) in the 1951s to two sides in the 1971s, the shrinkage of the residential building area, a significant increase in the construction density and disruption of the spatial integrity and cohesion, especially from the 1991s onwards, are the main factors of incompatibility of the infill patterns with the historical context. The findings show that the four indicators of form, area, compaction and spatial integration and cohesion, which are derived from physical, cultural and social norms, organize the relationship between the performance and space and guarantee the form structure and configuration of the historical context

One of the most important strategic decisions in banking is to find the best locations for the branches of banks as well as credit and financial institutions. Nowadays, because of the steep competition between banks and credit and financial institutions for attracting more resources, understanding the components and factors affecting the improvement of financial resources has gained more importance. The location of the branches of the banks is a very important stimulus for attracting customers. Therefore, it has been closely studied by banking marketers. Therefore, the current study has been carried out to find the best locations for the branches of Melli Bank in Ilam City (in Iran) and determine the most suitable zones using the urban smart growth approach using a descriptive-analytical method. The stages involved in finding the best locations for the bank branches included preparing information layers for each criterion, classifying each information layer based on the values, combining all the information layers, applying the final coefficients of the AHP model, and preparing the final map. Considering the weights of the criteria and the overlap of layers, finally the highly suitable to highly unsuitable locations for establishing the new branches of Melli Bank in Ilam City were determined. Based on the results obtained from the classification, the best locations for establishing new Melli Bank branches in Ilam City were the central districts of the city, and parts of Districts 2, 3, and 4 to improve the citizens’ access to the services provided by Melli Bank.

The spatial structure of cities is how to establish a set of physical and functional elements in relation to transportation axes, urban form and population. In the course of urban development, there have been extensive changes in their spatial structure leading to occasional spatial balances between the urban functions and population, as well as polarization and spatial inequality. Considering the importance of this subject, the purpose of this study is to rethink the spatial structure of Tabriz Metropolis from the perspective of the distribution of functional cores in relation to population in 10 districts. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical with causal-correlation nature. Documentary technique has been used for data collection and average center, standard deviation ellipse, kernel density estimate, nearest neighbor index and geographical weight regression have been used for analysis. It is noteworthy that in this study, educational, commercial, medical, cultural, industrial, green space, recreational-tourism and administrative functions have been found. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the functional cores had a single-core spatial structure in the city center, except for the industrial, commercial and recreational-tourist functions. On the other hand, the correlation between the functional cores and the population of Tabriz Metropolis was average (59%) based on the spatial regression test. Thus, it was found that there was an imbalance in the distribution of the functional cores in Tabriz Metropolis and the most optimal correlation between the functional cores of the metropolis and population also belonged to Districts 2, 8, 3 and 4.

The city is a living being that provides the connection between man and the environment, and is an arena for interaction between the two. In recent decades, the urban population has increased, which, along with its benefits, has also led to problems. Also, the capacity of cities, especially in the cities of developing countries, is not commensurate with the volume imposed on them, and as a result, more problems arise. Thus, on one hand, the growth of urban population in all urban neighborhoods, both old and organic, as well as new and designed neighborhoods, is increasing, and in turn has created new problems for urban communities and citizens; On the other hand, solving many urban problems on a smaller scale, such as in the neighborhood, can be achieved through basic neighborhood planning. As a result, due to the upward trend of urbanization, urban planners try to solve these problems and provide solutions and planning models for it such as participation processes from bottom to top to minimize adverse environmental effects and increase quality of life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the feasibility of neighborhood planning. The current study is an applied research and examines the issue with a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. case study is Sangalaj neighborhood of Tehran. Methods such as data processing (observation, questionnaire) have been used. The sample size according to Nimen sampling method is 264 people. As a result, 264 questionnaires have been completed in Sangalaj neighborhood of Tehran. Factor analysis has been used to obtain information. The results also show that factors affecting the implementation of neighborhood planning are based on issues such as neighborhood services, neighborhood safety and security, neighborhood structure, social capital, transportation system, construction, neighborhood jobs, civil society., Participation and Inclusive housing, which has the greatest impact on the neighborhood scale.

The main purpose of the research is to compare the quality indicators of residential environment in informal settlements and additional villages of Sabzevar city. This research is of developmental-applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. The data were collected by both library and survey methods and used to analyze the data analysis of single-sample t-test, independent t-test, Spearman, Kai-Esquar, Pearson, regression, vikor and SOAR for strategies. The sample size for the two tissues was 380 questionnaires, which were completed for the tissue of the informal settlement of 252 and the additional villages of 128 questionnaires by multistage clustering. The alpha value for all indicators was 0.78. The research results show that of the 8 indicators examined in any of the studied tissues in the two contexts, only the index of trust and interaction is at the desired level and other indicators such as spatial affiliation, housing quality, hope for the future, environmental-physical, access They are not good for services, security, economy. Also, the results of multivariate regression show that the housing quality index has the greatest effect on improving the quality of the residential environment of the two studied tissues of Sabzevar city and in the next levels, the index of spatial affiliation and hope for the future are placed.

Today, new concepts and applications have emerged, such as Cyberpark. One of the most important purposes of Cyberparks is the specialized Cyberpark, especially in the context of the university. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate how stakeholders use information and communications technology (ICT) in public open spaces (POS) of the university to create a specialized cyberpark. The components of an educational Cyberpark are POS on campus; educational ICT and university users. In this regard, Central building of University of Art (Bagh-e Melli Campus) - in historical part of Tehran- has been selected as a case study. Using a systematic review of previous research in the form of library and documentary studies, the research framework has been compiled and collected data in the form of questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Inferential analyzes of the data were calculated using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Findings show that most students prefer the open space in front of the Faculty of Visual Arts, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning and around the buffet. Participants consider places under renovation and construction undesirable. They use more smart cell phones and laptops, and about a third of them typically spend 4 to 6 hours a day. Overall, the results indicate that in planning for the development of communication infrastructures, taking into account the goals of users of ICT, considering the age groups of users will have the greatest impact on the realization of creating a specialized educational Cyberpark and promoting the participation of stakeholders.

Identification of Information Technology and Management Indicators to Construct an Iranian-Islamic Creative City: A Case Study on Isfahan Metropolis in Iran In this research we have employed a descriptive - analytical method and its main data comes from a questionnaire survey. After extracting the required indices of creative city from existing literature, we classified them into different sections. In this study a total of 230 religious students and scholars in Isfahan religious schools were interviewed. Factor analysis was used to categorize the selected indicators. Finally, by using factor analysis, selected indicators were reduced to four categories including: 1) development of new information technology infrastructures, 2) efficient management, 3) foreign relations and management policies and 4) women participation in urban management.

Today, with the failure of sustainable development goals, urban neighborhoods are recognized as the optimal scale for the sustainability of metropolises. Also, the pathology of neighborhoods in terms of their environment, social, economic and physical status as well as their control and organization is easier and faster. To achieve sustainability at the level of urban neighborhoods, first, the position and distance of the neighborhoods from the ideals of sustainable development should be evaluated, and second, the dimensions and indicators of sustainability should be prioritized to promote the neighborhoods sustainability in urban areas. To achieve these objectives, this applied research has used a descriptive-survey method to examine the neighborhoods of District 18 of Tehran Municipality as the study sample. A questionnaire was used to assess the sustainability of the neighborhoods in District 18 using the fuzzy logic method and GIS. Moreover, to prioritize the indicators for improving the sustainability of Yaft Abad Neighborhood (Northern and Southern Yaft Abad), a questionnaire was used. Findings show that the sustainability of the neighborhoods in District 18 of Tehran Municipality is at a moderate to low level and the sustainability of Yaft Abad Neighborhood is at a relatively low to completely low level. To promote the sustainability of the Northern and Southern Yaft Abad, the economic indicators are in the first priority, the socio-cultural indicators are in the second priority, the environmental indicators are in the third priority and the physical-infrastructure indicators are in the fourth priority

The aim of this study is to determine the effective criteria for promoting mental health in the elderly using the biophilic approach. In achieving it, descriptive-analytical methods have been used in a survey context. To collect information, a standard questionnaire was developed based on biophilic criteria. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran's formula (5% error rate) and experts' recommendations. Questionnaires were distributed as a random sampling method among the elderly in the nursing home with moderate to high mental health. Answering the questions, according to the level of ability of the elderly, is done in the form of questions and answers between the researcher and the elderly or by the elderly themselves. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings indicate a significant relationship between biophilic patterns and mental health of the elderly. Visual connection with nature (except for one sub-criterion), proximity to water, non-visual connection with nature, connection with natural systems, thermal and air diversity, landscape or landscape, dynamism and splendor, connection with natural materials, effective criteria and Irregular and rhythmic sensory stimuli, risk-taking, complexity and simplicity, biomorphic patterns and forms, mysterious environment and shelter, are ineffective criteria for the mental health of the elderly.The results indicate that seeing flowers and plants (average: 4.73 out of 5) has the greatest effect and the brightness of polished plates due to light radiation (average: 2.19 out of 5) has the least effect on promoting mental health in the elderly. Findings indicate a significant relationship between biophilic patterns and mental health of the elderly. Visual connection with nature (except for one sub-criterion), proximity to water, non-visual connection with nature, connection with natural systems, thermal and air diversity, landscape or landscape, dynamism and splendor, connection with natural materials, effective criteria and Irregular and rhythmic sensory stimuli, risk-taking, complexity and simplicity, biomorphic patterns and forms, mysterious environment and shelter, are ineffective criteria for the mental health of the elderly.The results indicate that seeing flowers and plants (average: 4.73 out of 5) has the greatest effect and the brightness of polished plates due to light radiation (average: 2.19 out of 5) has the least effect on promoting mental health in the elderly.