نشریه مطالعات رسانه های نوین
سال هفتم شماره 26 (تابستان 1400)

Communication new tools in the 21st century on the platform of cyberspace and digital play an important role in shaping public opinion and mindsets.The main aim of the research is to achieve the most approprate strategies to improve Islamic Republic of Iran digital diplomacy in the Post- JCPOA. This research using the Delphi method and utilizes a three-step model program - Strategic David . Innovative dimension of this research is the use of the elite of international communications and international relations and security studies in the Delphi group and combining these three topics into the findings and outcome of the research. Therefore, to achieve the research objectives , the experts' viewpoints were used . The result of the research showed, the competitive strategies are the most appropriate strategies to improve Islamic Republic of Iran digital diplomacy in the Post- JCPOA .finally, developed competitive strategies were prioritized. The main strategy in this research is “Exploiting the expansion of private media networks in cyberspace with the support of elite media professionals for the effective and effective presence of contemporary global social movements in post- JCPOA period” It seams that this strategy corresponded soft balance theory.

For many years, western countries have been attempting to offer western lifestyle as the correct model of life to people from all over the world, including Iran. Of the 32 satellite entertainment channels specifically aimed at promoting a particular lifestyle, Manoto TV and Gem TV, as the most important, popular, and influential channels with an entertainment and recreation function in promoting western lifestyle in societies, were analyzed using quantitative content analysis and the chi-squared test. According to the results, Manoto TV produced programs dealing with individual, family, cultural, social, and religious domains more than Gem TV, with the frequency of 300, 1103, 256, and 38, respectively. Among these domains, the majority of productions were related to the cultural domain, whereas religious programs ranked the last. "Shopping and consumption patterns" and "leisure" ranked first in the cultural lifestyle domain, with "clothing and makeup" showing the highest frequency. In the cultural domain, diversity, entertainment, and recreation were more important than other lifestyle components in program production. Presentation of western models in the purchasing and consumption management of individuals and society, with an emphasis on determining the type and extent of clothing and makeup, has encouraged the female audience to be nude or semi-nude, demonstrating the western media's efforts to promote nude and semi-nude clothing in the Iranian society as the correct lifestyle.Keywords: Role Model, Lifestyle, Satellite TV Channel, Manoto TV, Gem TV, Entertainment

This article shed light on perspective of Iranian digital games. Since early 21st century we confront many researches about digital games in field of media studies as well as psychology and educational studies. Some these researches are recognized digital games as just media and some of them investigate them and their effect as new media. In this article we used case study approaches to analyze digital games made in Iran technically and aesthetically. In our analytical approach we used comparison between Iranian digital games and corresponding foreign digital games used by Iranian gamers. We investigated “Garshasb, "Eighth Combat 2” and “Murders in The Streets of Tehran” as case studies and respectively compared them with “Dante’s Inferno”, “Battelle Field 3” and “Still Life”. Our finding demonstrates that Iranian digital games used low quality graphic pictures and unreal movement, then they would have failed in front of foreign digital game industry. it is because of lack of transparency of medium and intimacy with gamers. These problems result in low immediacy for involving the gamers. Then they prefer the foreign game instead. Furthermore, using real native narrative in Iranian game should be accomplished by applying real Iranian character with real Iranian goals and morality.

Romantic love, a modern product of the Western world, has gradually entered Iran and is known as a major concern among students and the younger generation today. One of the most influential factors influencing the importance of love between today's young generation is the type of animation broadcast during their childhood. Animations are one of the most effective programs for shaping the best interests, values ​​and patterns in children's minds and throughout their lives. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to represent the concept of love in the favorite animations of Ferdowsi University undergraduate students; Thus, a questionnaire was given to select the animators and after reviewing the two animations, Babalang Daraz and Cinderella were identified as the favorite animations of the students. It was then analyzed using John Fisk's content analysis and semiotics approach. The important results of the research showed that the representation of love in these two animations has become the main focus of the story. Love is represented in two ways in one look and friendship and knowing each other to achieve the perfection of love, marriage. One of the most important issues raised in these two animations is the role of the boy's support and financial support for a girl at a lower social and economic level as the angel of salvation and liberation from the past problems and difficulties of life.

This study examines the visual messages Iranian women shares on Instagram in order to perceive how they are represented on the social network. The research applies John Berger’s Ideological approach, and considers every single picture as a report on the users’ view about their personal and social identity. After an introduction about the investigated users, and a general and brief evaluation of their posts, some selected pictures is analyzed based on the ideological approach. Moreover, in the conclusion, we try to connect the research findings to the existing discourses about the women’s role and position in the Iranian society. Based on the Research findings, some pictures indicate a part of female users’ resistance against social pressures to be a normative woman. In return, other pictures show that some users represent themselves consonant with the common social norms and values in their visual narrative about their everyday life, and consequently reproduce and reinforce the hegemonic values of the Patriarchal system they have grown up in.

The concept of immersive journalism was coined by Nonny de la Pena et al in 2010, which means “the production of news in a form in which people can gain first-person experiences of the events or situation described in news stories.” Immersive journalism is an experiential approach that allows users to experience, and subsequently, become immersed in stories. At the time being many European and American news organizations such as CNN, Euronews, BBC, The New York Times, Russiatoday, Guardian and Fox tell their stories via VR technologies. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize immersive journalism and examine vital questions that rise up in this emerging field, based on interviews with immersive journalists and experts. The results showed that the aims of immersive journalism are: experience events, increase emotional aspects, high-quality display, embodiment and first-person experience. The major benefits that immersive journalism brings are: exclusive access, closing distance, spatial storytelling, presence and viewer agency. The appropriate genres for immersive journalism are: VR- live videos, VR News and VR documentaries. Eventually, the requirements that journalists ought to meet in immersive journalism include: complying with ethical codes, learning new skills, guaranteeing the minimum quality of service and persuading users to experience immersive journalism.

After the September 11th incident, a widespread wave of media outlets in the world created to misrepresent the East and Muslims. Meanwhile, digital games were among the media that by entering in a new era of representation, introduced the East as other to the audiences around the world. The main issue of the current research is that how the East as a subject is represented in the games. Hence, we analyzed the most important representational games of the East which were based on a real narrative of the wars happened in the past two decades in the Middle East to portray the way of East representation. Considering the research issue, this study seeks to answer the question that what features of the East have been targeted in the most important American games which representing the East?For this purpose, the selected games were played continuously for 120 hours, while the video was captured during the playing. Using the Qualitative Content Analysis method (sequence, character, music, dialogue, etc. analysis), three units of Call of Duty series entitled "Modern Warfare", "Modern Warfare 2" and "Modern Warfare 3" were analyzed and the most important methods of representing the East with its features were extracted. We found that the game developers have used different ways to represent the East, particularly the Islamic countries as a negative subject. These are: 1.Political-military misrepresentations, 2.Cultural misrepresentations, 3.Religious misrepresentations (Islamophobia), 4.Race misrepresentations, 5.Cultural dominance over the East, and 6. Political-military dominance over the East.

The use of emoji / emoticon is increasingly popular across the world in different platforms of online communication and they are commonly used in modern text communication as well. According to analyzed data, Iranian internet users would rather use emoji than emoticon due to some reasons, namely, expressive, practical and aesthetic reasons. This study is set forth to explore whether the use of emoji bears any relationship to the gender and age among Iranian internet users. The result of statistical analysis has patently revealed that women tend to use emoji (both positive and negative) more than men; correspondingly, they are considered more emotional with respect to sentiment analysis. Moreover, the result has demonstrated that women openly express their emotions and love with emoji in social media similar to real life. Concerning age, collected data display that there is an inverse relationship between the age and the frequency of emoji use. In other words, the frequency of the emoji use would be substantially declined by growing older. This study can provide a base for future research most notably those pertaining to machine learning, natural language processing and designing models for predicting online demographical information.

The purpose of this article was to study The Relationship between the Use of Virtual Social Networks and Changes in Students' Social Capital Dimensionsl of students of Mohaghegh Ardebil University who study at this university in the academic year of 2018-2019. In this study, the survey method has been used. The statistical population of the research consisted of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the same year, of which 383 were selected as the statistical sample based on the calculations by the Cochran formula. Sampling method is a randomized class. The findings of the research showed that among the six hypotheses that considered for research, three hypotheses, "Relationship between students 'use of virtual social networks and students' self-confidence" "The Relationship between the Use of Virtual Social Networks and Students' Religious Beliefs " and "Relationship between students 'use of virtual social networks and students allegiance from society norms and rule"did not have meaningful relationship and the intensity of their relationship was weak. This means that the students have stated that despite having spent too much time in these networks, their self-confidence has not increased significantly due to this presence. Also, presence in these networks has not reinforcement their beliefs and their following of norms . three other study hypotheses, which include the variables of interactive relationships, social confidence and participation and cooperation have a meaningful relationship. This means that more presence in virtual social networks has increased the number of these cases among students.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role in the political arena, complicating political relationships and gaining more prominence in media diplomacy. .In order to answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, content analysis method with two categories and evaluation techniques was used. The statistical population of this study is the total number of tweets of Iranian and US Foreign Ministers on Twitter in 2016-2019. The unit of analysis in this study is the Twitter posts (tweets) of the Iranian and US foreign ministers.The results show that the media diplomacy of the two countries has different aspects. Through its media diplomacy, Iran has been trying to emphasize its commitment to international commitments such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and on the other hand points to the non-fulfillment of US commitments.US media diplomacy is also against Iran. The United States is trying to portray Iran as one of the main proponents of terrorism and to make all of Iran's actions destabilizing the Middle East. It can be said that the United States is trying to represent Iran as a state sponsored by terrorism and destabilizing the Middle East through the efforts of its foreign ministers on Twitter.

In 2017, the debate over approving the ban on the import of transgenic crops caused increased public debates on the disadvantages or benefits of agricultural biotechnology in Iran. This increased the importance of studying how media coverage and frame agricultural biotechnology news. In this study, the news of three top Iranian news agencies over a 13-year period has been analyzed. Entman’s method is used for doing frame analysis. A review of all the biotech news shows that most of them are related to medical biotechnology and only 4.12 percent of the news covers agricultural biotechnology. The number of news on agricultural biotechnology has also increased dramatically between 2015 and 2017. All three news agencies have a non-critical and positive judgment towards this technology and its potential. The four frames identified include “management of agricultural biotechnology”, “effects of agricultural biotechnology”, “seeking support of agricultural biotechnology” and “public understanding of agricultural biotechnology”.

Today, virtual social networks as a platform for the transmission of cultural messages play an important role in shaping cultural identity; The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the cultural identity of Iranian students of virtual social networks. The research population is 385 students with high social networking (Facebook, Instagram and Telegram) students selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tool is a researcher made questionnaire. Based on the findings, there is a significant relationship between the independent variables of presence and interaction, the type of network, the motivations for using the network, and the motivations of intercultural adaptation of students with the dependent variable of cultural identity. The results of path analysis indicate that the motivation to use the network with 0.71 of the path coefficient the most factor and the type of social network with 0.14 of the path coefficient has the least impact on cultural identity; according to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, According to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, the social system with 0.74 of the path coefficient relative to the language with 0.44 of the path coefficient has the most impact from independent variables. Based on the results, it is necessary to determine the needs and motivations of students in the field of prior to any policy-making, decision-making and future orientation in the field of social networks by policymakers and custodians Purposeful use of networks and in the field of intercultural adaptation.