Future of Medical Education Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Dec 2021

Medical education has undergone significant transformations to adapt to the modern work environment with its unique demands and challenges. Psychological manifestations secondary to stress are reported to have increased in physicians in training due to increasing performance and learning demands of both the work and social environment.  In this survey study, we sought to determine the extent of psychological distress amongst physicians in training, that is residents and interns, establishing patterns in terms of type of residency and stage of training. This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted between March and July 2019 using a printed version of the perceived stress scale (PSS) survey, healthcare professionals (residents and interns) were surveyed  during their academic and patient care activities at a private hospital in Mexico City to asses their levels of distress.  A total of 101 physicians were invited to participate, of whom, 85 answered the survey (response rate 84%).  A high prevalence of moderate-high stress was noted in 55.3% of the study population (47/85). In addition, residents who were relatively new to their post were more likely to display higher levels of stress compared to their peers at advanced stages Residents and interns at our center experience moderate to high levels of distress. Stress management strategies should be targeted towards physicians early on in their training and awareness must be improved on this factor that may significantly impact academic performance and patient care.

Professionalism is an important competency for residents in medical education. The present study aimed to assess the attitudes of ophthalmology and pediatrics residents toward professionalism. In this cross-sectional study, the Persian version of the modified American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) questionnaire was distributed among all the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents in Mashhad University of Medical sciences, during the academic year of 2018-2019. The questionnaire consists of demographic data and 15 items covering three domains including excellence, honor/integrity and altruism/respect. Out of 103 residents, 77 (74.75%) respondents completed the questionnaires. The overall mean scores of professionalism were reported as 107.60±15.5 and 105.64±10.8 (out of 150) for the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in this regard (P=0.53). The mean values for items forming the excellence domain were 5.44±1.8 and 5.47±1.4 (out of 10) for the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents, respectively (P=0.93). The mean values for the honor/integrity domain were reported as 8.38±1.2 and 8.2±1 (out of 10) for the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents, respectively (P=0.17). Regarding the altruism/respect domain, the mean scores were 7.46±1.1 and 7.37±0.7 (out of 10) for the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents, respectively (P=0.68). The results of the current study revealed a moderate level of attitudes toward professionalism among the ophthalmology and pediatrics residents. The importance of giving more attention to the excellence domain seems a priority for the development of professionalism in residency programs.

This study aims to explain the process of teaching the essential medical sciences stage: designing an educational model. The research method is mixed. In the qualitative part, the Delphi has been used. The statistical sample in the qualitative section was 20 medicine specialists . The indicators extracted from the research literature were sent to the experts for the qualitative model survey. In the quantitative part, the survey method has been selected. The quantitative questionnaire as a research tool has included the implementation, implementation and evaluation of the qualitative model, which has 15 questions designed and distributed in a statistical sample. According to the qualitative results, the design of medical education is based on the ADDIE model, which includes the themes of analysis, design, preparation and development, implementation and implementation and evaluation. Also, the quantitative results of the research showed that the level of student's satisfaction with the medical education program designed for the stage of the basic science is higher than average. To obtain credit in the qualitative stage, long-term involvement and review by the participants have been used. For validity or validation in the quantitative phase, the validity of confirmatory factor analysis has been used. Designing a basic medical education program increases the ease of students' learning abilities. Improving the educational program, enhancing the fields of education, linking basic and clinical sciences, increasing the participation of faculty members, and increasing the accountability of educational groups were the main results of this study.

Training plays a pivotal role in correct implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Ideal training affects, Knowledge, attitude and skills of the trainees. CPR is amongst the most important and essential topics in residency training program, especially in the field of anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and skill of anesthesia residents according to their own opinion. This study was a cross-sectional census and included anesthesiology residents of first to fourth post graduate year (PGY). Assistants who were reluctant to participate or answer all the questions were not included. Also, informed consent was obtained. The data collection instrument was a 45-item, five-choice researcher-made Likert scale questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed among anesthesia residents and gathered after completion for analysis. There were 63 participants in the study. Age and knowledge level of the four groups did not show significant differences. The level of knowledge and skills of the first and second year, first and third year and first and fourth year residents were significantly different. The level of skills and self-confidence of first and second year residents was significantly different from the third and fourth year. The attitude toward level of importance of training in operating room was not significantly different among the four PGYs. Above 85% of the first to fourth year residents agreed with the importance of learning resuscitation in the ICU, and its six and twelve months’ repetition.  The level of knowledge, practical skills and self-confidence of anesthesia residents in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases in accordance with advancement of post graduate year.

Transition from student role to professional role It is an important step during the medical course. The discourses of professionalism education is ambiguous in different countries. The aimed of this study to explain the formation of professionalism in medical students. The present study was a qualitative study using Jørgensen discourse analysis. Participants included 18 medical interns of Iranian universities of medical sciences. The average duration of each interview was 60 to 90 minutes. Data collection tools were in-depth semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling methods. Data collection continued until data saturation. The data analysis method was open coding. The mean age of study participants was 25.65± 9 9.12. The results include six concepts; Management of professional stress, professional competence, moral competence, human nature of profession, personal development, proper care and professional identity were the Nodal point in this discourse analysis; the curriculum is hidden. If during the internship, certain professional beliefs and behaviors are not institutionalized in today's students, it can reduce the sensitivity of students' professionalism and makes professional decisions difficult for future physicians. Therefore, the role of formal education in professionalism is important in this regard, considering the role of the hidden curriculum.

critical thinking plays an important role in clinical decision making and is acknowledged as a standard in medical education. This study was designed to evaluate critical thinking skills of medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. this observational-analytical study included the students of three stages of basic sciences and physiopathology, externs and clinical interns. Form B of California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST) was used to evaluate critical thinking skills. The questionnaire included 34 multiple choice questions to evaluate five areas of inductive reasoning, comparative reasoning, analysis, evaluation and inference.  112 students with an average age of 24.22 ± 2.78 years were enrolled in the study. 53.4% were female. An average of 4.46 ± 15.89 was considered as normal by the test developers while the average score of the participants was 15.89 ± 4.46 with a minimum score of 8 and a maximum of 34; which was statistically different from the desired score (t (111) = -3.16, P < 0.002). Using one-way analysis of variance, we found no statistically significant difference between critical thinking scores of students of different academic stages (P = 0.746 (F (3,108) = 0.411)). The findings show that critical thinking skills of the participants are similar with some of the universities of the country, however lacking compared with the students of the universities of other countries. Thus, educating and teaching critical thinking skills should be included in the educational curriculum.

Students' mental health has a strong relation to their quality of life and their academic success. This study aims to assess the mental health of medical students throughout different educational courses including pre-clinical, externship, and internship, and its association with students' academic performance at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on all medical students studying in the first semester of pre-clinical course, at the beginning of the externship, and the beginning of the internship at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In this study, a general mental health questionnaire containing 12 questions (GHQ-12) was used. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and t-test using SPSS 16. The mean age of students was 22.61 + 1.79. In this study, approximately 40% of students scored higher than the threshold for the GHQ-12 questionnaire, indicating that they experienced more psychological distress than others. The highest score was related to the and the lowest score was related to externs. In addition, although students with higher academic scores have lower psychological stress and better mental health status than other students, these differences were not significant. The results showed that overall nearly half of medical students based on the GHQ-12 questionnaire are subject to psychological stress. These stresses not only affect their mental health but also affect their academic performance.

The present study was intended to investigate the effectiveness of strategy-based instruction in the form of self-regulatory strategy development on persuasive academic writing performance of a group of Iranian medicine and pharmacy students. Additionally, the study sought to examine if such instruction carries over to a related academic genre, i.e., descriptive writing.

First, 30 male and female medicine and pharmacy students were administered pre-tests on target genres. Secondly, they received SBI on the persuasive genre of academic writing. Thirdly, the participants were asked to write essays on a set of writing probes across these two genres. Finally, post-tests were administered.

The results showed that the persuasive-specific self-regulatory strategy instruction the participants received contributed to their performance on persuasive academic writing. In the case of descriptive academic genre, the participants' performances on the posttest experienced a boost compared to those in the pretest corroborating the transfer of learning to a related non-instructed genre. More specifically, the sentences participants wrote in the posttests were longer, qualitatively better, and contained more persuasive and descriptive elements.

Supplementing English for academic purposes courses for the students of medicine with strategy-based instruction in the form of genre-specific self-regulatory strategy development interventions seems a necessary first step in enhancing academic writing ability of medical students. The findings out of this research have certain implications for English for academic purposes students and teachers accordingly.

As a result of the Corona 2019-2020 pandemic, crisis happened in the globe. This educational crisis impact on all aspects of students and professors’ life. It need to pay attention to educational resilience as an important and debatable field. In this article,we provide suggestions to improve resilience in professors and students and to improve their resilience.Corona's crisis has created many problems in medical education among which the following can be mentioned: Staying away from face-to-face training, promoting information literacy, technology-based thinking as a way to things, changing traditionalist and teacher-centered attitudes, need to upgrade basic knowledge and up-to-date content production and changes in educational expectations.The Corona crisis has created the challenges and opportunities in medical education , it seems necessary to upgrade and empower professors and students by strengthening educational resilience and most importantly, all should be the motivation to teach and learn at the present time. It can improve resilience in students and support them to have the best performance along the way.