نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1400)

One of the manifestations of rural tourism in recent decades is the phenomenon of "second home tourism". This type of tourism in rural areas, due to the differences and variations in motivations and length of stay, is a function of natural contrasts, spatial distance, the origin of tourists and the social, economic and cultural structures of second home tourists. The present study evaluates the effects and consequences of environmental-physical consequences in rural areas of western Golestan province with the intention of tourism typology of second homes. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data were collected through a survey method based on questionnaires and interviews. The sample population includes 360 heads of second homeowners, 144 local households and 10 rural managers. The sample villages in the research area have been determined based on the homogeneity of tourism of the second houses and their expansion in mountainous, semi-mountainous and plain areas by "cluster" method. The results of the research from the perspective of the local community indicate the existence of structural differences in the rural environment and the origin and motivations of tourists on the functions and diversity of types of tourism in second homes. The tourism boom of second homes with environmental-physical changes from the perspective of local people and rural managers has a positive relationship and from the perspective of second homeowners has the opposite relationship. The impact of the tourism of the second houses on the environmental-physical dimensions of the villages in the summer-forest mountain type is more than the plain type villages.

Urban cohesion has always been one of the most basic structural qualities and one of the central principles and concepts in cities. Urban structure of a metropolitan area of Karaj, with many problems in the field of participation, growth of informal housing, managerial, physical, irregular growth of the city, lack of coherent and efficient planning, inequality of income distribution, social harms, inadequate distribution of urban services, environmental and political problems Are facing the performance of urban management, etc .; Therefore, paying attention to the space and body of the city and finding solutions to get out of the current situation and how to integrate into the body of the city and how to control and guide the city from different aspects is of special necessity and importance. The present study has been compiled with the aim of investigating and evaluating the causal components in integrating the body of the city of region one of Karaj municipality. The descriptiveanalytical method used is based on documentary-survey sources. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Factors affecting physical cohesion were examined in the form of management structure, participation and physical. Based on DI-RI values in the physical part, the sociability index of urban spaces is the most effective criterion and uniform views are the most effective criterion; In the participatory part of the index, the compliance of decisions, programs and activities of city managers with the wishes and needs of the people is one of the most effective and increase public participation through their material and spiritual uses and use of positive empowerment of citizens' facilities for environmental and functional diversity. Criteria and finally the management part of the index of organizing the abandoned tissues within the central tissues of cities and density sales have been identified as effective and efficient criteria, respectively.

Cities are growing and developing rapidly, and analyzing the urbanization trend is one of the most important issues for urban planners. In addition to the high level of growth rate, changes in land use and conversion of land to urban uses are also important issues. The present study is an attempt to explain the spatial patterns of Khorramabad in the last 35 years. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and is based on remote sensing data. First, the images of 1365, 1375, 1385, 1395, and 1399 were taken from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellites in TM, ETM and OLI sensors, then using NVEI software and supervised classification method to land use maps in four classes: urban, agricultural, mountain and water. Became. Then, this map was prepared using ARCGIS software to enter the FRAGASTATS software and in the next step, they were called to this software to analyze the landscape. In the next step, these maps were examined using spatial metrics (PALAN-PD-NP-LSI-LPI-PD-AWMFD). In the last stage, by calling these metrics in Shannon entropy model, an overview of the spatial growth pattern of Khorramabad city in the last 35 years was obtained. The results of this study showed that the city of Khorramabad in the last 35 years has gone through different growth patterns. These patterns can be classified into 4 periods. It spends scattered in separate urban spots. In the second period (2006), due to the reduction of migrations and the development of the city within the existing spots, the city goes through a period of intensive pattern, but again in the third period (2016), Khorramabad city has entered a period of dispersion pattern as in all metrics Tendency to spatial pattern of the city is scattered. But again in the last period of 1399, space metrics have shown a pattern of intensive growth and the tendency to internal development of Khorramabad city.

Influenced by the prevailing approach to development in the information society is the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities in businesses that create a secure economy with a precise and reliable management system and a global market outlook. Considering the importance of how and where opportunities arise and how they are identified; Created a new concept called the entrepreneurial supply chain with a powerful innovative thinking in the postmodern era that considers the entire entrepreneurial supply chain as a place to seek opportunities and improve entrepreneurial activities, therefore, the present study The aim was to "study the role of blockchain technology in improving the performance of the supply chain of postmodern Iranian businesses" in various geographical areas, which is often manifested in the form of Internet businesses. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this study consisted of all 178 Internet business professionals in Iran, of which a total of 51 people were selected as a sample size by the expert council (Delphi). Cronbach's alpha test was calculated for 4 individual components, financial innovations, social innovations and supply chain components, 0.90, 0.84, 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. Data analysis was used in SPSS20 software environment. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all independent variables except user futures with the use of blockchain technology in improving supply chain performance. Also, among all the independent variables included in the regression equation, 5 variables (social networks, improved banking services, financial transparency, and the ability to tolerate ambiguity) explain about 72% of the changes in the supply chain performance of Internet businesses. The results of route analysis also showed the variables of legal, political and managerial domains, respectively; Social networks; Financial transparency; Improving banking services; Ambiguity tolerance explains most of the direct and indirect effects of blockchain technology on the supply chain of Iranian businesses.

The city as a living organism is composed of different components. These components pursue goals in an integrated system. Urban structure, part of the city's spatial system, can affect the living conditions of residents and the living characteristics of the city. District 1 of Tehran metropolis, considering its location, at first glance, seems to have the physical-spatial quality of the city in a suitable condition and favorable living conditions; But the study of spatial elements and the quality of urban viability yielded different results. The research method is positive and the answer to the research question used deductive method. The type of research was descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection was library and field study. The study area was area one of Tehran in 1398 and 1399 and the statistical population of the population living in this area was 439467 people. The sample size was 387 people and the sampling method was stratified and random. Data were analyzed using spatial statistics (kernel density, local Moran, user ratio), weighted overlap method with AHP, mean method, standard deviation and T-test and Pearson correlation test. The results showed that among the physical-spatial components, access status and access to public services had the greatest impact on the viability of urban neighborhoods in region one. It was also found that physical structure plays an important role in urban viability and causes the rate of urban viability to be affected.

The importance of the perspective of urban development of mountainous areas in Shahrekord in determining the economic, social and physical destiny of the city is such that it can be considered the heart of the strategic planning process of urban development of mountainous areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban development strategies in sustainable urban development of mountainous areas in Shahrekord. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose (type of use). The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study in this study includes the residents of Shahrekord and the statistical range of the whole region includes the city of Shahrekord. The number of statistical populations is estimated at 160,000. The sample size was 383 people based on Cochran's formula and randomly determined. The data collection tool includes a researcher-made questionnaire which is in two main parts (urban development strategies and sustainable urban development in mountainous areas). The collected data were analyzed based on the analysis of structural equations in Emus software. The results show that the coefficient of impact of poverty alleviation on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.49, the coefficient of economic impact on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.15, and the coefficient of impact of tourism on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.36. The coefficient of impact of human resources on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.20, the coefficient of impact of infrastructure on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.56, the coefficient of impact of governance on sustainable urban development of mountainous areas is equal to 0.25, the coefficient of impact of transportation Sustainable urban development of mountainous areas has been equal to 0.16.

Today, historical-religious tourist attractions have played an effective role in rebuilding the life of cities throughout history and today. The growth and development of many cities has been rooted in the historical and religious function of those cities and sometimes has given these cities a global status and role. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to Strategies for the development of religioushistorical tourism in the city of Zanjan. The present research is descriptive in nature and method and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. For data analysis, software (Expert Choice) and model (SWOT) were used. The results of the SWOT model show the superiority of strengths and opportunities over weaknesses and threats, therefore, the macro strategy will be a competitive strategy. The results of the software (Expert Choice) showed that among the opportunities (promotion of sustainable tourism development indicators) with the amount of weight obtained (0.018), Among the strengths (Meeting the spiritual and spiritual needs of the pilgrims) with the amount of weight gained (0.014), Among the weaknesses (lack of applications for the management of historical and religious attractions) by weight (0.015) And finally, among the threats (non-cooperation of cultural heritage in the field of construction and restoration of religious and historical buildings and traditional advertising and information systems to increase awareness in the field of religious tourism in this city) with the weight gained (0.014), They had the most impact on the four strategies.

The purpose of this research is to achieve a conceptual model to estimate the comparing rate of good governance and resilience, moreover to find a relationship between good urban governance and resilience indicators and variables, and finally to determine their amount of feasibility. The method of this research is quantative-scaling and correlational type. The main tool for this research is a questionnaire. Its justifiability is confirmed by a specialist board and its reliability is confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (a>0/7). This questionnaire consists of three parts: the responders’ general characteristics, urban governance condition measurement (24 items), and resilience measurement (14 items). Statistical society of this research is chosen from Amirieh neighborhood families. Amirieh is in 11th district of Tehran municipality, in the central part of Tehran metropolis. Research sample size is calculated by Cochran formula according to the number of families in Amirieh neighborhood. Multiple Regression model is used along with effective factors and indicators, to explain the effectiveness of each eight elements of urban governance on resilience. The results show that the following indicators: lawfulness, participation, responsibility, responsiveness, and transparency of urban governance have the most effect on resilience. According to the significance level of these indicators the result can be generalized whereas agreed orientation, justice, strategic insight, proficiency, and effectiveness don’t have much effect on resilience, and according to their significance level the results are not generalizable.