مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 60، خریف 2021)

What is worth noting about Naji Ali’s caricature is that the two types of interconnections between literature and art are evident in these works, because the scenes and illustrated images are often associated with multiple expressions. The Images also have semantic and readable dimensions. In the novel, "Zaytoun al-Shawarah" (Ibrahim NasrAllah) we find that in his descriptions, satire and symbolic expressions are vastly used. The author, who innovatively recreates and uses these borrowed caricature images all over the novel, signifies his creative thinking. The cryptic symbols of both authors are not merely summarized in the description of the scenes but in the symbolic characters of the two works, for example, the character of a woman as a symbol which also appears. Hence, Naji Ali symbolizes the home of the woman, with an idealistic view and she represents Palestinian stability and he portrays the character of a woman as a sacred person. This is while Abraham NasrAllah imposes bitter realism and naturalism on the character of his work to symbolize the occupied land, and he reflects the reality of the life of the Palestinian refugee. In the symbolization of the character of a woman, occasionally common symbols in Ebrahim NasrAllah's novel and the caricatures of Naji Alis are found and sometimes these symbols contradict each other. This research employs a narrative analysis method in the analysis of personality. It also relies on describing.

Information processing in memory includes, encoding, storage and reminder.Factors such as the difficulty of finding the equivalent and forgetfulness are effective challenges for short-term memory in oral translation Persian-Arabic. Purpose of this study is to explain the in memory function in the Arabic-Persian verbal translation process and vice versa. Our method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The mode of operation of this type of memory in two simultaneous oral translations and interruption. The first is the line, and factors such as the placement of the verbs in the Arabic- Persian language and the linguistic interference in the pronunciation of some letters in these two languages can interfere with the performance of this type of translation and the second is by encrypting the information in the memory, and then by transferring it to the active memory. We presented some strategies, to enhance in memory such as using helpers.

In other words, (1992), Mona Baker suggested four methods for arranging the translation of terms: Using an idiom of similar meaning and form, Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, Translation by paraphrase, and Translation by omission. In the second edition of this book (2011), she suggested three other methods Borrowing the term source language, Translation by removing the metaphor from the term, and compensation method. We refer to these solutions in the article as “Group A”. In the second step, we presented our solutions titled “Group B”: Strong equivalent with probability of medium and weak equations; Medium equivalent with probability of weak equivalent; weak equivalent with the possibility of borrowing; Translate a unique term by borrowing or interpreting translation. In the third step, we translated Arabic proverbs of Khuzestan as main research material, with the help of “Group A” and “Group B” solutions. To answer a key question: How are terms translated in practice? This research is done with explanatory, analytical and Inferential approaches. The results showed that “Group B” is more successful than “Group A” in translating the terms, because according to the “group B” solutions, if the translator is able to recognize word states in order to know their meanings in the term and then reconstruct the situational context and cultural context for the term, then she can translate proverbs with high accuracy.

Writers ,aware of the capacities of the field of non-verbal communication,have sought to convey tangible ideas and emotions,and have focused on the discursive and personalization of their works. This type of communication involves conveying concepts and messages through facial expressions,body movements,gestures,acoustic sounds,and even artifacts and the way people dress. In the present paper,through an interdisciplinary and descriptive-analytic overview,reflections on nonverbal actions and their major functions,including the affirmative, substitutive,complementary,and discursive function in the noble work of Zaqaq al-Madiq(1911- 2006),Egyptian writer examined And explains how the author has succeeded in promoting non-verbal actions in the process of communicating characters and conveying concepts. The result of the research shows that in this work, Mahfouz uses the capabilities of non-verbal communication in order to better convey the purpose of fictional characters and the truthfulness of their actions. In this story,laughing, looking and frowning as facial behaviors,bodybuilding movements,tone and silence as exemplary instances play an important role in shaping the process of communicating and transmitting messages. They are often of a succession type. In this article,it was found that the author uses meaningful silence to induce concepts such as satisfaction, perplexity, thinking, pleasure, mystery and so on.

Al-Futuh by Abu Muhammad Ahmad ibn Ali, known as Ibn A'tham Kufi, was probably written in Arabic in the late third and early fourth centuries. Muhammad ibn Ahmad Mostofi Heravi translated a part of this book into Persian in 596 AH by the order of one of the rulers of Kharazm. Gerard Genette proposed the theory of Hypertextuality around the relationship between texts. In the present study, an attempt has been made to compare and compare the narration of Ashura in the book of Al-Futuh Ibn A'tham with the Persian translation of Al-Futuh. For this comparison, Gerard Genet's theory of redundancy was used. According to this theory, text B (Hypertext) is created under the influence of text A (Hypotext). The contextual relationship of the texts can be examined in two forms of imitation and otherness and three modes of humor, satire and seriousness. Changes made in the subtext compared to the rough text is called torque, which can be divided into quantitative, applied and qualitative torque. According to this theory, Ibn A'tham's narration was considered a rough text for Al-Futuh Persian translation.

Perceptible beauties are defined in a"realistic"context,given the reality of the literary community in terms of the level of human existence.The sensual beauties that humans instinctively perceive.Receiving these beauties varies in different circumstances due to their varying nature,and the influence of individuals is influenced by various factors.The definition of the beauty of poetry in the"idealism"environment requires the creation of a society in which the means of the growth of individuals,in order to achieve the reality of the existence of man Providing its beauty in the most extreme form possible.The beauty and pleasure that is in transcendental transcendence is not possible by the perception of those who are in their material objects.Otherwise,the definition of beauty in the field of idealism and the system of values will be a mental definition,and there will be a deep divide between it and the reality of the literary community.It will be difficult to establish a link between the reality of society,which is the cradle of the literary community,and the ideals of the"rational"society.And it's only possible on the basis of the guiding principles of human thought,namely,"reason"and"divine book".While poetry has no such place due to its sense of nature,its directing is the cause of the fundamental guidance of society.The term is"guided", not"guiding".

Amongst the new issues discussed in discourse analysis is Dell Hymes' sociological approach of communicative competence. The study at first deals with the relation between linguistic competence and communicative competence. Then it explains the paralinguistic context or the situation in which actors act within. This a real representative of the relation between specific linguistic form and dominant social context of speech and shows the frequency and the possibility of occurrence in the existent condition. To Hymes, linguistic events are not just grammatical forms but they have meaning in social interactions and within social and cultural regulations and contractions; they make the communication possible. Of the main characteristics are structural and phonetic arguments that in each, spatial- temporal contexts, the kind of speech and language element determine the main part of the argument. The study using a descriptive-analytical method, sought to compare and contrast the characteristics of the approach to the social discourse of sermons of Nahj al-Balagha. The study showed that linguistic factors show the type and content of the dominant speech of the paralinguistic context of Nahj al-Balagha and are effective in distinguishing the existent commutative interactions.

With regard to the purpose of analyzing the content of each textbook, the objective of the book content and the coordination of its educational goals with the empowerment of stakeholders in the scale of critique is thoroughly investigated. Since it is important to identify strengths and weaknesses to produce knowledge and use it in practice, it is possible to find the necessity to evaluate the content of textbooks in order to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of these resources and eliminate objections in them, there is an opportunity to book targeted books for achieving educational programs, consequently, positive effects will be observed in the curriculum. For this reason, in this paper, the three - volume Al-Arabiytu Bayna Yadayk book which is one of the most important and known sources of Arabic language training is evaluated through the William Romey's Method. The research method of this paper is description and critical analysis of content and the units of analysis include the sentences of the courses, the questions of the exercises and the images of the book. The results show that the literature review of the topic is passive and not sufficient enough to engage the students' minds. But the images included in the book are active and pave the way for the mental engagement of the learners. Moreover, its analysis and questioning is satisfactory. While study and comparing the evolution of the content of the three volumes of the book, this can be concluded that the development of the exercises from the first chapter to the second chapter of this books is dynamic enough, whereas this this ascending trend is not to be seen in the texts and the images of the second and third volume of the book.