Chemical Methodologies
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2022

This study describes preparation a new series of complexes from metal ions Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base (L) derived from condensation of vanillin with ethylenediamine . Structures of the ligands were identified using IR, UV-Vis, Mass, elemental analysis and 1H-NMR techniques. All prepared complexes have been identified by recording the melting points, conductivity, FT-IR , UV-Vis spectroscopy, metal analysis by atomic absorption, elemental analysis (CHNO) and measuring magnetic and. All compounds studies biological activity (E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger), the activity of bacteria was examined and the results showed that their mineral complexes have good antibacterial activities.

The apricot shells (AS) derived activated carbon (AC) was employed in removing the water hardness ions (calcium) from synthetic hard water. The ZnCl2 activation route was implemented in synthesizing the AC from the AS. The typical AC sample was diagnosed for its morphology by the FESEM technique, elemental analysis using EDX technique, influential surface groups by FTIR spectroscopy, and crystallinity by the XRD. This AC sample was then applied to eliminate the calcium ion (Ca+2) from synthetic hard water by investigating factors affecting the Ca+2 removal efficiency, like the solution pH, Ca+2initial concentration, AC dosage, temperature, and contact time. The outcomes revealed that Ca+2 removal by the so-synthesized AC is pH, temperature, and time-dependent. The best Ca+2 removal % reached 80.12 %, while the best adsorption capacity was 70.42 mg/g. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model demonstrated were best described Ca+2 removal by the AC. The enthalpy and Gibbs free energy functions indicated that Ca+2adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Thus, the consequences assured that the ASs derived AC can be exploited as an effective adsorbent to remove Ca+2from the solution.

In recent years, environmental concerns and food safety in developing countries are the most important issues. Pesticides are vastly utilized in farming to improve crop production and quality and to reduce energy costs. These pesticides are biodegradable chemical compounds that are generally applied in farming to control pests and promote agricultural production. However, their excessive use, even in low concentrations, may cause serious health problems and environmental pollution. Therefore, a great deal of the research has focused on methods used for determining the presence of pesticides in various food matrices, according to this proposing sensitive diagnostic methods is essential for reliable quantification of pesticides availability. Meanwhile, rapid detection technologies which are among the most important tools in the analysis of food products are required to be assessed for analysis of residual persistence of pesticides in food and agricultural products to effectively control their quality and safety. In this article, it is attempted to provide a complete review of some detection methods including HPLC, HPTLC, GC/ MS/ MS, CE-DAD, LPME, SPME, LLE, DLLME, AChE, SERS, LC/ Tandem/ MS/ MS, MSPD, luminescence chemistry, safety assessment, and Meisel chromatography electrosynthesis used to identify pesticide residues in different food samples.

This study describes a rapid and sensitive method for determination of Losartan potassium (LOS-K) in pure and medication forms. The method is depended upon the reaction of LOS-K with Silicotungestic acid in salt medium for the formation of a white precipitate. The new precipitate was monitored and measured using homemade Ayah 6SXI-T-2D Solar cell analyzer in combination with a continuous flow injection technique. Reagent concentration, acid medium, flow rate, sample volume, purge time, and delay coil reaction are all chemical and physical characteristics that have been investigated and optimized. The linear dynamic range of LOS-K was 0.05-2 mMol/L with linearity percentage (r2%) 99.56 %. Limit of detection (LOD) was 3.62 µg/sample and LOQ=18.28 µg/sample. A comparison between developed method and classical methods (UV-Spectrophotometry at λmax= 232 nm) was made. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of LOS-K in the pharmaceutical samples and can be used as an alternative method.

Studying S2X2 compounds is of great importance due to their biochemical, atmospheric chemistry properties and protein structure, and because of the importance of this combination, it has received attention in the review. The compounds of disulfide S2X2 [X: F (1), Cl (2), Br (3)] and their isomers were studied with long-range-corrected functional (LC-ωPBE, LC-BLYP) with basis set Aug/pVmZ (m: 3). The analysis performed for the two forms of product (C2) and reactant (CS) showed that conformation C2 is a more stable thermodynamic parameter due to greater HOMO-LUMO gap and chemical hardness higher. The difference between Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH), and corrected electronic energy (ΔE0) for compounds 1 to 3 was increasing. The global hardness (η) and electronegativity (χ), ionization energy (I), electron affinity energy (A), and electrophilicity index (ω) were investigated in these compounds. There was a direct relationship between the difference in global hardness and Gibbs free energy.

To further study novel N-aceyl, N-thiourea and imidazole derivatives were synthesized. We used a multi-step reaction protocol that began with symmetrical 4-amino- 1,2,4-Triazole [I]. The new Schiff base [II] was derived by condensation of compound [I] with 4-aminoacetophenone in Ethanol and some drops from glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, whereas the Schiff base [III] was synthesized by reacting compound [II] with 4-hydroxyacetophenone in ethanol. N- acyl derivative [IV] was prepared by addition reaction of acetyl chloride to azomethine group of Schiff base [III]  in dry benzene. Then, N-thiourea derivative [V] was prepared from reaction of thiourea with N-aceyl derivative [IV] in alkaline solution. The third step involved cyclization reaction of derivative [V] with 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one in dimethyl formamide (DMF) to obtain new imidazole derivative [VI]. The synthesized compounds were characterized on the spectroscopic data and their physical properties. Also, we studied the anti-bacterial activity of the prepared compounds against three types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some of which showed best antibacterial activity comparable with Ampicillin, as standard antibiotic. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of various concentrations of the prepared compounds [II] and [VI] was investigated against MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma cells), Hep G2 (human liver cancer cell line) and WRL-68 (human hepatic cell line), revealing a moderate activity at 400 μl/ml, which had no effect on the growth of normal WRL-68 cells, and confirmed the safety of using this type of molecules in medications.

At four different temperatures, a sol-gel technique was used to create ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles using zinc acetate and Sodium sulphid as source materials of Zn and S, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the particle size and surface morphology of the produced ZnS nanoparticles, showing a spherical ZnS particle with a diameter of about 24 nm. The cubic crystal structure of ZnS was found by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The zinc-sulfur band can be seen at 420 cm-1 in spectroscopy. The visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of ZnS NP revealed a blue shift at a maximum of 315 nm.

Corrosion is considered as the most common cause of steel material property degradation, while coatings are effective and popular corrosion protection methods. Coatings come in a variety of forms, each with its own set of effectiveness, methods and constituents. This study used an electrochemical oxidation approach to make Poly [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] from monomer [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] (NPM) in a 3.5% seawater solution. On a low carbon steel [L.C.S] electrode (working electrode), a polymer film was produced. The polymer was created, according to infrared, SEM and FTIR examinations. Using the electrochemical polarization approach, the anticorrosion function of polymer films on L.C.S was examined. Also, adding nanoparticles (NP), like CuO and ZnO to the monomer solution improved the polymers anticorrosion. The results revealed that there was an increase in the L.C.S corrosion rate with the increase of temperature from 293K to 323K, while the values related to coatings polymer inhibition efficiency improved with NPs addition. For the corrosion of L.C.S in salt medium prior to and following polymeric coating, thermodynamic and kinetic activation parameters were estimated. The impact of preparing polymers on certain bacteria strains was also investigated.