فصلنامه پژوهش های تجربی حسابداری
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 42، زمستان 1400)

Information is distributed asymmetrically among investors in financial markets. In such a situation, investors increase their expected returns to cover risks. Therefore, the risk of reported information and asymmetric distribution of information will be an effective factor on the expected returns of shareholders or the cost of capital. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of asymmetry information on the cost of capital in two different competition levels in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample consists of 145 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2011 to 2016. In order to test the research hypotheses, the data panel regression analysis is performed using a compilation method. Findings of the research show that information asymmetry has a positive effect on cost of capital, based on all three criteria for measuring information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing information asymmetry, the cost of equity is also rising. The results also show that market competition level has a significant effect on the relationship between information asymmetry and equity costs. In other words, at the level of incomplete market competition, the positive effect of information asymmetry on the cost of capital is strengthened, while at the full competition level, the positive effect of information asymmetry on the cost of capital is weakened.

The design of the audit plan so that it can be used to adequately respond to fraud risk is one of the most importantDesigning an audit plan that can respond adequately to fraud risks is one of the most important verifying activities of auditors. In this regard, this study compares triangle, Diamond and Pentagon models of fraud in audit plan adjustment. Fraud triangle model introduces pressure/ motivation, opportunity and justification as fraud dimensions. However, the fraud diamond model considers the capability dimension in addition to the three above-mentioned dimensions to assess fraud risk. The fraud pentagon model also considers the arrogance dimension, in addition to the four above-mentioned dimensions. In order to compare these models, an experimental case has been used. The statistical population of the study is certified public accountants in year 2018. The results show that using the fraud diamond model, as compared to the fraud triangle model, and using the fraud pentagon model, as compared to the triangle and diamond models of fraud, lead to more audit plan adjustment.

Transparency helps create market confidence and supports economic sustainability. The concept of social responsibility is quite close to the concept of sustainable development. The consequence of the sustainable development approach is special attention to the concept of disclosure and reporting of corporate social responsibility. The growing interest in disclosing corporate accountability reflects an increasing demand for transparency. Therefore, social responsibility and corporate governance are expected to play an effective role in reducing opacity in Financial Reporting. This study examines the moderating effect of corporate governance quality on the relation between corporate social responsibility and opacity in financial reporting. The sample consists of 114 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2019. Results show that social responsibility reduces the opacity in financial reporting and corporate governance reduces the severity of this negative relation.

This research applies the modified theory of planned behavior (MTPB) to corporate manager's decision-making and behavior related to detection of fraudulent financial reporting. The sample consists of 319 people selected from the statistical population consisting the board members, chief executive managers and financial managers. Hypotheses are tested using standard questionnaire and structural equations modeling. The results suggest that the modified theory of planned behavior can be an appropriate mechanism to predict manager decisions related to fraudulent financial reporting.This study is useful for regulators, standard developers, and the corporate stakeholders who seek a fraudulent behavior therapy for management financial reporting.

The rapid advancement of technology and student needs for flexibility and convenience in education, have required universities to make changes to traditional teaching methods. The blended learning method, which uses the technological facilities of E-learning and the social benefits of the traditional learning, is a solution to meet this need. This study, with the aim of comparing students' satisfaction of blended and traditional education of Intermediate accounting 1, tries to introduce a new method for accounting education. In this quasi-experimental study, 142 students from different universities are divided into experimental and control groups. The electronic content used in the blended method is prepared and implemented by the researcher before the first semester of the 99-98. After teaching in blended and traditional methods, at the end of the semester, students' satisfaction of the manner and characteristics of meetings, course communication, educational videos and lesson content is measured by a reliable and valid questionnaire. Data is analyzed through T-test. According to the research findings, the satisfaction of students in the two groups is not significantly different. This research is conducted before the coronavirus epidemic and the requirement of universities for E-learning. Using the results of this study, universities can have better planning for accounting education in the post-corona era.

In accordance with existing rules and regulations, it appears that the company's independent auditors can play a significant role in identifying and disclosing material weaknesses in internal controls. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to examine the tenure and rotation of independent auditors (at the level of the institution and the partner) and the material weaknesses of internal controls over financial reporting. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398 and the method of data analysis is logistic regression. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the tenure of the independent auditor (at the level of the institution and the partner) and the disclosure of material weaknesses of internal controls over financial reporting in the independent auditor's report. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the audit firm's turnover and the disclosure of material new weaknesses in the internal controls over financial reporting in the independent auditor's report. However, no significant relationship was observed between the audit firm's turnover and the disclosure of material new weaknesses in the internal controls over financial reporting in the independent auditor's report.

High competition in the auditing profession can encourage auditing firms to find new clients. However, the reputation of the auditing firm is important in terms of reliability, and they are generally reluctant to accept clients with management misconduct or misleading reporting. Therefore, this research uses scientific sources to extract the most important general categories and components affecting client non-acceptance decision. Accordingly, a semi-structured interview with 16 partners and technical managers of auditing firms is designed and conducted. The categories and components affecting the non-acceptance decision are identified through coding and content analysis of the interviews. Then a questionnaire is designed and data (234 completed questionnaires) is collected based on it. The results show that the five general categories including company financial information, notoriety and discredit of the client, inability to comply with the ethical requirements of the institution, inability to perform audit work and the nature of the client's operations are the most important factors influencing the non-acceptance decision. The results also show that in some cases, the categories affecting client non-acceptance decision in Iran may be different from the categories highlighted in international texts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the dimensions and components required to develop a corporate governance model that is consistent with Islamic principles and standards. For this purpose, all available and related sources related to corporate governance up to 1399 (2021) have been studied. For this purpose, to analyze the sources, the Meta-Synthesis and the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso using coding of dimensions and components have been used. After systematic review of texts and considering international models of corporate governance and their compliance with Islamic principles and norms, the dimensions of corporate governance have been identified in the Islamic paradigm and the components of corporate governance have been introduced from the perspective of Islamic principles. Therefore, the research results show the effectiveness of the dimensions of moral principles, social commitment, responsiveness, transparency, decision-making and Islamic supervision. If observed, it guarantees optimal and desirable corporate governance goals.

This study investigates the dynamic relationship among diversification, capital structure and profitability of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research sample selected using systematic elimination method, consists of 140 firms listed in TSE from 2011 to 2017. The hypotheses are analyzed using the panel VAR approach. Impulse response functions illustrate significant dynamic interrelationships in the financial sector. The results indicate that any coincident increase in finance diversification and capital structure of a firm optimizes a its profitability, and any increase in profitability results in increase of diver sification and capital structure. With increasing diversification, profitability will increase and capital structure will decrease. Further, if capital structure increases, the profitability will increase and diversification will decrease in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for measuring the moral hazard of managers based on financial data. For this purpose, based on the literature, theories, and surveys of experts across the country, 22 variables of the source of moral hazard of managers were extracted and re-exposed to the comments of experts to rate the variables in terms of importance. 9 variables were selected based on the preference of experts and using the group Analytical Hierarchy process (GAHP), appropriate coefficients were assigned to each of the selected variables and the initial model was obtained. Finally, the obtained model was validated through the identified consequences. The information of the final model, which includes the variables of ownership structure, environmental uncertainty, monopoly in the product market, financial constraints, leverage ratio, free cash flows, capital expenditures, internal risk of the company, and life cycle of the company, is collected from Tehran Stock Exchange. The relationship between the number obtained from the model and the consequences of moral hazards was investigated and it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship with information asymmetry and stock price crash risk and a negative and significant relationship with investment efficiency. As a result, the proposed model can be effective for decisions, especially in the capital market. By making it possible to measure the moral hazard of managers, the necessary measures can be taken to reduce it through the establishment of strong corporate governance mechanisms for control and supervision.