نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1400)

The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities of agricultural production businesses in the rural cooperatives of Ilam province. This study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of research method. In this study, the Delphi method was used. The target population of this study includes; employees working in the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Ilam province and cities, employees working in the management of rural cooperatives of the province and cities, CEO and board of directors of the union and rural cooperatives, board of agricultural experts and the trade union system of Ilam province. A total of 110 people were selected as experts using purposive sampling method. The main tools of the study are interviews and semi-structured and structured questionnaires that were designed in three rounds. To analyze the Delphi stages, the statistical indices of mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were used to determine the degree of consensus of the participants using SPSS software. The results showed that cases such as; creating markets for livestock and agricultural inputs, collecting and packaging livestock oil in the region, establishing a village store (direct supply of agricultural products in cooperation with rural cooperatives) and establishing a specialized store for agricultural tools and inputs are some of the opportunities are available in all counties.

Today, entrepreneurship and rural business development are very important in developing countries. Entrepreneurial ecosystem is also considered as a context for the growth and development of rural businesses. Accordingly, the study is a literature review to analyze the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the development of rural businesses. Despite the efforts made in various fields to develop rural entrepreneurship and business, but in practice, there is no proper growth and sustainability. Because entrepreneurs face many obstacles that result from the inappropriate of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. According to the results, the existence of a comprehensive approach in providing a favorable entrepreneurial ecosystem for the development of rural businesses is very important. On the other hand, regional characteristics, absolute, relative or competitive advantages in a rural area that are effective in business development should not be kept out of mind, Because each rural area, according to its own conditions and potentials, has its own entrepreneurial processes and different from other rural areas. Finally, practical and study suggestions are provided for those involved and researchers in this field.

Funding is one of the most important and vital concerns of women entrepreneurs, who make up about half of the country's population. In this regard, crowdfunding has been proposed as a new method for entrepreneurs with the aim of financing, developing and commercializing entrepreneurial ideas and projects. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the driving factors of crowdfunding for women entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture in Kermanshah province. The research approach was qualitative and them analysis. The study population was 21 women entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province in the field of agriculture along with key experts with knowledge and experience in the field of agriculture, entrepreneurship and financing. Data were collected through field notes and semi-structured interviews using targeted snowball sampling method, to achieve data theoretical saturation. The analysis of the findings showed that the driving factors of crowdfunding for women entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture includes 23 concepts, 7 sub-themes and 3 main themes, which are: individual factors (including driving factors related to women entrepreneurs and Investors); environmental factors (including cultural-social, economic and legal drivers); and structural factors (including factors related to the platform of crowdfunding and technology driver), which interact with each other. Finally, it was suggested that the number of platforms approved by the competent authorities as a platform for the implementation of the crowdfunding process be increased and hold specialized courses about crowdfunding for women entrepreneurs and potential and actual investors in the field of agriculture.

One of the important factors in improving the business environment is paying attention to the tax issue in order to provide conditions for improving economic activities by adopting appropriate tax policies. Therefore, one of the most important concerns of the tax system is the promotion of tax culture. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the promotion of tax culture and its effect on improving the business environment in Golestan province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population in the qualitative stage was 28 university experts and the Golestan Tax Affairs Organization who were purposefully selected by the snowball technique. In the quantitative stage, there were 100 business experts and the sample size was 80 according to Krejcie and Morgan table. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation method with SmartPLS3 software was used to examine the relationships between the variables. The results showed that the effective factors on promoting tax culture include taxpayer education, media culture, taxpayer awareness, taxpayer trust, taxpayer legalism, taxpayers' attitudes. The results of structural equations showed 0.360, 0.465, 0.422, respectively. 0.307, 0.381 and 0.319 have a significant effect on the promotion of tax culture and the promotion of tax culture has a significant effect on improving the business environment of 0.851.

  The development of digital marketing in recent decades has changed the structure of many businesses and has helped to develop entrepreneurial activities and business innovation. With the spread of Covid 19 around the world, attention to digital marketing has become increasingly important. Although digital marketing has had a far-reaching impact on farmers' productive activities in recent years, many farmers are still deprived of its services. Providing models for digital marketing in agricultural entrepreneurship can be considered by planners in reducing barriers for farmers in the digital trade network. . Therefore, the present article was conducted with the aim of providing a framework for digital marketing in agricultural entrepreneurship using the previous literature review method. Studies have shown that the digital marketing model of agricultural products includes the agricultural entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial process and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurial traits and skills include a range of personal characteristics to competencies and competencies and act as the driving force of the individual. The entrepreneurial process, which involves changing existing processes for digitalization, emphasizes business digitalisation, digital product delivery, marketing, and digital advertising, and provides the resources needed to use digital services and education and information. Needed to enhance digital marketing skills. The entrepreneurial ecosystem includes the social, cultural, economic, and political context of a society that affects a business and includes environmental support, institutional structures, and infrastructure

To compete in a highly competitive market where new products and competitors are always emerging. it is important to innovate in order to increase market share, maintain the organization's position among customers and gain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the model of sustainable competitive advantage based on technological entrepreneurship capabilities in dairy cooperatives in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. This research is descriptive survey research in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included 150 managers of technology start-up companies related to the dairy industry in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. Using a stratified random sampling method based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 108 companies were selected as a statistical sample. In order to test the hypotheses and evaluate the research models, Smart PLS 3 software was used. The results show that technological entrepreneurial capabilities (β = 0.790), such as individual (β=0.857), managerial (β=0.894), strategic (β=0.803), technical (β=0.835), environmental (β=0.766) capabilities have a significant effect on sustainable competitive advantage with the dimensions of demand conditions (β=0.873), internal factors (β=0.883), strategy and structure of industries (β=0.798), and supporting industries (β=0.796). Technological entrepreneurship capabilities can be considered as one of the solutions for sustainable competitive advantage in the industry, so paying special attention to entrepreneurs and strengthening entrepreneurship, and creating a suitable environment for its development, is one of the tools of economic development of countries, especially developing countries.