نشریه جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، بهار و تابستان 1400)

The purpose of this research is investigate the effect of land use mix on public health in Mashhad city. Research is a developmental-applied research. Methodologically, and in the category of macro, it falls into descriptive researches and in subdivisions of case studies, surveys, and correlations. Data collection was based on documentary and surveys (Questionary) methods. Herfindahl-Hirschman, Frank et al (2006) and Shannon entropy used for analysis land use mix. Statistical Society includes citizens up to 25 years and sample size is equal to 1022 sample. The date gathered from 16 neighborhoods of Mashhad. The results showed that 19.7% of people were healthy and the rest were in mild to severe disorders. According to findings, in the case stidies, there was no significant correlation between land use mix with physical activity and daily walking. Studies also show that there is no significant relationship between land use mix with public health and its subdivisions in general and if there is a significant relationship in some cases, this relationship can be inversely correlated. In fact, the findings of this study showed that, contrary to previous studies, especially at international level, about the impact of land use mix on improving individual health in different dimensions, in Mashhad and the studied areas, such results were not obtained and vice versa, In some cases, land use mix has had a negative impact on citizens' health in some respects. 

The importance and crucial role of sports in attracting tourists, capital, and also improving the position of the city are very important. However, the potential for sports branding has not materialized in many cities in developing countries. So the main question is what factors are needed to brand cities through sports. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and validating the urban-sports branding questionnaire.

This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, and qualitative-quantitative in terms of the nature of its data. The statistical population of this study consisted of faculty members in the domains of sports management, city marketing, geography, and urban planning, sports managers, faculty members specialized in branding and marketing, urban managers (municipal and provincial), sports coaches, and sports champions, and faculty members who had experience in branding and had traveled to Iran several times. The sampling in this study was purposeful and convenience. In the second stage (interview) after theoretical saturation, 21 people and in the third stage, 18 were selected for the research sample. Finally, the extracted factors were prepared in a questionnaire and submitted to a group of experts.

The results showed that the urban-sport branding questionnaire has 6 dimensions, 16 categories, and 76 indicators.

Considering the importance of urban branding through sport, urban managers and policymakers can identify the cities that have the potential and increase the city's influence, credibility and development by considering these factors.

Nowadays, urban planning and development primary goal is to create desirable places (neighborhoods) for life through human connection with place, in other words, to promote a sense of spatial belonging. In this regard, considering the importance of neighborhood-based planning and development in achieving urban development and the effective role of human connection with neighborhoods and its development, the purpose of this study is identify the components that explain the sense of spatial belonging in in urban new neighborhoods of Tabriz (Yaghchian neighborhood). The research method is applied in terms of application and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature, which in order to analyze the information, has been used the model of the minimum partial inputs in the Warp-PLS software. Also, the statistical population of the study is residents of Yaghchian neighborhood (about 150,000 people), which the sample size is estimated at 384 people based on Cochran's formula and 340 has been reduced based on Cochran's modified formula. Findings of the research based on the structural model indicate that in the study neighborhood, the components that explain the sense of spatial belonging are in the first place: flexibility, comfort and attractiveness with a value of 0.65, 0.59 and 0.44, respectively, in the second place: sensory and emotional belonging, visual and social appearance with a value of 0.41 and 0.38, respectively, and in the third place: conceptual belonging, place identity and personality, readability and perceptual ability and perception of place with a value of 0.32, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively.

With the formation of the pole of urban growth and centralism after the land reforms of the 1940s before the revolution, as well as the continuing population growth and rural migration to cities after the revolution, witnessed the concentration of investments, especially in large cities and neglect of equitable distribution of power. , Wealth, and facilities in other urban areas of the country. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify key and effective variables and the prevailing relationships between variables in the Iranian urban system to achieve social justice in a short period of time on the horizon of 1410. Therefore, the present research process is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of the research approach. Data were collected using environmental scanning techniques and with the participation of 16 urban planning experts in universities and research centers as members of the panel of experts. The result is to identify 21 primary variables to examine the future status of social justice in Iranian cities. To identify the effective variables and the relationships between the variables with one of the most widely used methods in futures studies, the method of "structural analysis", the variables have been analyzed. The results of the research show that the variable "citizenship rights education" has very high stability and effectiveness in the system environment. Also, .

The importance of exploring growth in the field of child psychology is crystallized. On the other hand, cognitive development is an informative source of information on children's development and has an enormous impact on the routing process of children. Paying attention to this in urban spaces can make it easier for children to navigate successfully. The purpose of this study was to analyze routing patterns with emphasis on cognitive development in children 10-14 years oldThe research method is applied in the present study. For this purpose, field observations, questionnaires and site visits were used. The method of sampling was randomly using Cochran formula and questionnaire was completed by 106 children aged 10-12 years and 106 children aged 12-14 years. Data analysis was performed to analyze the routing patterns of children affected by cognitive development in the Lashkar neighborhood using factor analysis using LISREL software. Data analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between routing and cognitive development after data collection. Data were analyzed using dependent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov hypothesis test.The results indicate that children in the age range of 10-12 years, mostly refer to the colors, forms of buildings and buildings that have a marked form and function, as well as children in the age range of 12-14 years to the indications that the body has They had a distinct advantage over other buildings in the neighborhood.

Today different approaches are proposed and used for solving the current issues and problems in cities, some of which are livability, smart city, ideal city, resilient city, child-friendly city, age-friendly city, city of learning, creative city and secure city. Multiple factors affect the livability of a place, of which can note the presence of people, mixed use, housing, safety and security, sense of belonging, efficiency and the environment. The main goal of this research is the analysis of urban livability with emphasis on housing indicator in Mashhad metropolis. The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. GIS and SPSS software, and Vikor and Entropy models were used for analysis of the data. The person density in residential unit of Mashhad metropolis was 3.4 based on population and housing census in 2011. Zones 13 and 8 had the highest residential per capita with 56.9 and 56.8 m2, respectively, whereas zones 4 and 5 had the lowest residential per capita with 20.7 and 20.1 m2, respectively. Zones 12, 12, 1, 11 and 1 had the best situation in terms of oldness, durability, ownership, access to municipal sewage and housing price indicators, respectively. The results of this research show the zone 11 of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of housing indicator, followed by zones 10 and 9, respectively. By contrast, zones 5, 4 and 13 had the worst conditions in terms of housing indicator, respectively. About 38% of Mashhad's zones are at housing very unfavorable level with respect to the urban livability.

The regeneration approach has a significant reference to the identity of the historical context, the achievement of which depends only on the attention to creative urban tourism. Paying attention to worn-out structures and eliminating their instability has become a central issue in cities, so that urban regeneration with a tourism development approach is recommended as a solution to preserve such valuable structures. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the regeneration of historical contexts from the perspective of tourism development. The present study is applied according to the purpose and based on a descriptive-analytical method. The components studied in this study were divided into 7 factors: social, physical and infrastructural, economic, political, criteria, cultural and worn texture. To achieve the research objectives, fuzzy dimtel method was used. The results of the research in the amount of (Di + Ri) showed that the economic dimension with a final score of 3.159 is the most important component among the studied components for the development of tourism in the old contexts of Ahvaz. Also, the results in value (Di-Ri) showed that in the causal group there are social, economic, physical and political components and the most effective are the social dimension with a final score of 0.615 and in the disabled group are cultural components, worn texture and criteria, the most effective of which Worn tissue was identified with a final score of -0.4723.

 This research, future studies in Urban Planning and Management, with the approach of recognizing future challenges in the urban planning of metropolitan area of Isfahan, and the identification of executive strategies to reduce challenges from the viewpoint of experts and executives have been written. In this research, in the first step, 16 factors were identified as key challenges in Isfahan city in the future using experts and experts in the field of urban management and Delphi model. In the second step, the Dimetal method was used to analyze and rank the causes, causality and disability. The results of Dimetal's causal and demographic analysis show that the lack of integrated and efficient urban management, extensions to the city of Isfahan and municipality concentration are the main and most influential factors in creating crises in the future city of Isfahan. Finally, using expert opinion and use The Delphi model has been ranked the most effective solutions with respect to the problems and has been ranked using Shannon's entropy model. The results show that the most important strategies out of the problems of the metropolitan area of Isfahan are the planning and integrated approach to urban issues and the establishment of integrated urban management. Draft Cup Design New approaches to urban planning and public participation (people to people) is.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the nature and method of research is a survey that is a researcher-made questionnaire and almost standardized in Iranian society has been used. The statistical population of this study is the inhabitants of the four tissues of Sanandaj, which has been calculated using the Cochran's formula to 321 people. In order to compare the studied areas in the three levels of house, neighborhood and city, post-experimental tests using Tukey test were used. Structural equation modeling has been used to evaluate the effect of physical, social and individual factors on attachment to place in three scales of home, neighborhood and city, as well as attachment to place in three dimensions: cognitive, emotional and behavioral. The results of the questionnaire analysis show that among the variables of psychological dimension, emotional, cognitive and behavioral elements include attachment and physical and social factors and independent variables of individual characteristics have a significant relationship with the dependent variable of place attachment. Examining the results and comparing the attachment factors between the four areas shows that Naysar neighborhood with the lowest level of attachment to the neighborhood, among the dimensions of attachment, emotional dimension and among the attachment factors, the physical factor has a more effective role on neighborhood attachment.

Geographical Research has been examining ethical issues in a wide range of areas including consumption patterns. One of the ethical issues in geography is consumption of local food products which refers to food miles and environmental issues, fair trade, social justice, and food democracy. Although in recent years, local food consumption has become more prevalent in developed countries, but recently it has been widespread in developing countries. In Iran, different climatic zones have created various opportunities for growing local food products, but due to various factors, consumers are facing many challenges in consumption of this kind of products. This study aims to investigate consumer’s attitude, intention and behavior regarding to local food products. In this regard, 197 consumers have been selected in district 1 and 20 of Tehran city to fill the questionnaires by using convenience sampling method. The results of data analysis show that despite the ethical values of the respondents, including their health- related issues, supporting local producers and protecting the environment, there is a positive correlation between long distance to buy local food and unwillingness of local product’s consumption. In addition, long distance is one of the most important challenge for consumers to buy local one. Therefore, due to issues such as food miles and environment pollution, food safety, etc., the intervention of urban planners in local food systems should be considered. Urban planners should encourage local communities to produce and consume more sustainable local food and protect local agricultural resources.

Today, the spread of urbanization and issues such as the increase of mental illnesses have made happiness in urban environments one of the most important issues. Geography also examines the relationship between humans and the environment therefore, in the database of this science, addressing the environmental happiness of the citizens of Ahvaz as the seventh metropolis of Iran is an important issue. The present study is theoretical-applied and methodologically "descriptive-analytical" in the field of behavioral geography. The tool used in this study is Oxford Happiness Standard Questionnaire. The statistical population includes the citizens of Ahvaz (both men and women) in the age range of 15 years and above, which is equal to 887,280 people. The sample size is 385 persons. The questionnaires were completed in six selected neighborhoods. According to the results, the level of happiness of the citizens of Ahvaz is lower than the average. There is no significant difference between the two groups of men and women in Ahvaz in terms of level of happiness. Comparative comparison of age groups based on vitality level confirms a significant difference between age groups in Ahvaz city in terms of happiness level. The difference in spatial levels plays a role in the difference in the level of happiness of citizens in different neighborhoods of Ahvaz and the level of happiness of citizens changes from places and neighborhoods with higher levels to places and neighborhoods of lower levels and has a declining trend.

Housing is a social, economic, political and beyond issue, a right that has been given to those in power and capital due to the superiority of personal resources over the collective interest (free market policies) and as one of the basic challenges of the system. Global urbanization has become, and the one-dimensional approach to this challenge will simultaneously lead to the neglect of the issue in a comprehensive way, because different quantitative and qualitative dimensions affect the formation of this problem. In Iran, various economic, political, social and cultural issues have increased the housing problem and speculative demand in the housing market has led to housing being seen as a capital rather than a shelter. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing were examined by examining the various theoretical foundations of the subject and the framework of the concept of the subject was extracted. Then, at the national level, the provinces were ranked based on the available indicators by TOPSIS and fuzzy models. Finally, it can be said that as long as there is an overlap between the political and economic oligarchy, it is not possible to get out of the crisis. Also, paying attention to new approaches and a series of strict tax laws can be an important option in solving the housing problem; Because the financial costs of non-supply in the market increase, and when there is no growth prospects for the housing market supplier, the housing market does not move towards exchange value and speculation.