مجله اللغه العربیه و آدابها
سال هفدهم شماره 51 (شتاء 2021)

This article has been concerned with analyzing the "thirty-fourth" sermon of Nahj al-Balagha according to Grimas' semiotic studies, for semiotics study the implicit connotations behind literary texts. What leads researchers to a semiotic analysis of the “thirty-fourth” sermon is the knowledge of the levels of the semantic sermon. Based on this, the study of the “thirty-fourth” sermon is within the framework of Grimas’ semiotic studies, especially his semiotic square. This is due to the fact that the Imam (peace be upon him) in his speech used special signs at the level of vocabulary and music that lead to the emergence of moral relationships, including the relationship of contradiction, the relationship of implication and the relationship of opposition to the transmission of meaning. Through this article, we aim to break down the major intangible units to reveal the smaller units generated. The study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach according to the proposed theoretical framework and the detection of the surface structure and the deep structure in it from the perspective of semiotic mechanisms. As for the results of the study, they include that the process of transferring meaning in the studied sermon applies to Grimas' semiotic theory. The semiotic square reveals the important semiotic connotations: pride, humiliation, awakening, and heedlessness. And the Imam (peace be upon him) raises the level of perception of the addressee through the two relations of contradiction and antagonism that play an important role in conveying an implicit goal of the Imam (peace be upon him) to the recipient, which is the result of negative negligence in matters, foremost of which is defeat. As for the semiotic structure, it denotes the meanings of “discontent”, “neglect”, “desperation”, “fighting” and “justice” during the upward, downward and progressive patterns.

Subjective study of poetical works and texts analysis play important roles in recognizing cultural, social, regional and global issues because, social and cultural features constitute a poet's and an author's personality and mental bases.  The poet's outlook, insight and attention are understandable. Moreover, poem ineffaceability is depended on the poet's point of view; the more expanded it is, the more ineffaceable it will be in people minds and all the history. However, if the extension is considered to the certain people and limited time, it will finish as soon as the time finishes and audiences leave. Sometimes, the poet's audiences are including his nation and he remains inside the boundaries. But occasionally, the poet speaks beyond the boundaries which its secret is beyond the spatial limits called transnational. It should be noted that he is the poet of underclass people intended to develope equality and justice among different classes and tried to pack away injustice and cruelty from the society. Bayati considers Palestinians as his nation and hopes that palestinians will overcome Israelis one day. This transnational face of the poet has made him to manifest as an expressive language for nations. In addition to the realism, he was interested in romanticism and its different manifestations as well. Freedom, death, dream and beauty are of issues on which the poet focused romantically and epitomized himself and his trannational approach. Topics including realism and romanticism nostalgias are of the most considerable transnational layers in Bayati's poems manifested in various topics. Nostalgia and its different manifestations shade on Bayati's poems. Hope, exile, freedom and feminism are of the most important nostalgic manifestations in Bayati's poem which reveals his transnational view. Among contemporary Arab poets, only a few address human as human kind and not within a certain limit.  In this study, Abdolvahab Bayati's outlook and attention to the transnational human values and his poetical works are examined. It seems that the reason for Bayati's poetry being transnational is due to his influences from the two schools of Marxism and Sufism, and this is evident in his poems. It is noted that transnational values are studied using analytical-descriptive method.  The most important parts of this study include the presentation of data and tokens in Bayati's poetical works and conclusion and results.

Regardless of the clear meaning of the words, the words also convey the implicit meaning behind them to the audience. Undoubtedly, vocabulary is one of the places where the ideology of media owners is hidden, this is one of the most important reasons why the media is very sensitive in choosing words to write news texts so that they can indirectly target the ideology. In this research, we tried to determine how those in power use words cleverly and purposefully to induce their own attitude in the media, a topic that was selected for research and analysis. The issue is Iran's attack on US military bases in Iraq after the assassination of “Sardar Soleimani”. Researchers examined the meaningful use of words on four news channels: Al- Arabiya, Al-Jazeera, Al-Maydeen, and Al-Alam, based on a critical discourse analysis from Van Dijks point of view. For this purpose, the news of these networks on this topic was collected and after purposeful selection, forty news texts that had the most relevance to the research topic were analyzed. The results show that the media used different terms to describe this base bombed by Iranian missiles. Including: Ain Al-Assad base in Iraq, American base Ain al-Assad and International coalition bases and US capital. A closer look at the meaning behind these words shows that these four words create four different meanings in the mind of the audience

The resurgence of Islamic civilization has many faces, including the summoning of historical figures in Arab novels and the embodiment of these characters in them. The novel "A Small Death" written by Muhammad Hassan Alwan is one of the most prominent examples in which the narrator wears the mask of the elder Sheikh Ibn Arabi on his face. This research relies on the descriptive-analytical method and Freud's theories in the analysis of personality, and Jouissance Lacan, theories that are defined in the context of psychology. This science helps the researcher to analyze the reflection of the personality of Ibn Arabi in the mirror of time and the thought of the contemporary intellectual. Among the achievements of this article: The character of Ibn Arabiya in this novel is a masochistic character, and the reason for this goes back to his childhood and his father's behavior towards him; The father was a strict and expectant person, and the child was unable to respond to his father's expectations, which led to the child feeling guilty and punishing himself. The whole novel was the story of Ibn Arabiya's attempts to escape from his anxiety stemming from his past and to reach calm, in short, he wants to achieve his Jouissance. In fact, it is the search for geometry that can explain Ibn Arabi's behavior and what he has in mind about following the path of Sufism. Ibn Arabi turned to Sufism with the encouragement of the one whom Fatima ibn al-Muthanna met, and he searched the Islamic world from west to east to reach its four pegs. And at every stage of his life, he gave up some of his worldly desires to become worthy of the position of the pole, the position in which he would see his happiness, the happiness that Lacan calls a Jouissance.

"Alawiya" epic by its Egyptian poet Muhammad Abdulmutallab (1871-1931) is one of the most famous and venerable poems in modern Arabic literature, which is distinguished by a prominent enthusiastic style and has epic features that make it one of the early stages of the epic art in Arabic literature at the beginning of the twentieth century. In this article, and in a descriptive-analytical approach, we have studied the epic elements in this poem, and since the epic is an ancient art of some peoples, such as the Persians and the Greeks, we compared these elements with the elements of one of the world famous epics, which is the Shahnameh of the great Persian poet Ferdowsi, to see how Alevism has the artistic features associated with the epic Was the poet able to come close to some extent from the world epics, or not. In a fleeting look, we can say that the poet was able to create a great epic, and his poem has epic features that almost make it a great epic, and the most important of these features are describing the quantities and their heroics, photographing battles, arenas, the ghost and the tools of war in an enthusiastic way, and taking advantage of some techniques of the epic and enthusiasm, such as “Magnify the opponent” ”artistic exaggeration,” “paranormal customs,” and “proverbs” in narrating events and describing battles.

The term “Text Linguistics” emerged in the mid-1960s and is a branch of linguistics, focusing on the fact that the highest and strongest linguistic unit is not the “sentence” but the “text”. The main criterion of textual studies is consistency. Cohesion has forms and manifestations, including grammatical cohesion, semantic cohesion, lexical cohesion and phonological cohesion. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and is based on the theory of the textual syntactic and it sheds light on the study of phonological coherence in the rhymes of Surah Al-Qamar. We studied the phonemic coherent rhythm in the rhymes of this Surah as well as what led to this coherence of shifting in the deletion, shifting in forwarding and delaying. On the other hand, we notice that the use of the verb instead of the noun, the verb based on the object instead of the verb based on the subject, and the singular noun instead of the plural noun formed a consistency and a harmony in the phonemic coherent rhythm, as we studied the repetition and its rhythmic coherence in all the rhythms. Finally, the activation weights of the separators were studied and most of the separators were based on the weight of “Faelon” at the stop and “Moftaelon” at the connection.