مجله پژوهش های علوم شناختی و رفتاری
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 19، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Due to the increasing problems and consequences of addiction such as divorce and the need for intervention and education in this category, this study investigated the effect of dialectical behavior therapy skills training on shame, cognitive flexibility and marital adjustment of women with addicted spouses of quitting. Therefore, from among women present in the NAR-ANAN family groups in Isfahan, 30 of them who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups, they answered questionnaires of Shame )Cohen, Wolf, Panter and Insko, 2010(, Marital Adjustment (Spanier, 1979) and Cognitive Flexibility (Dennis and Vanderwall, 2010) on two occasions (before and after the intervention). Then, the experimental group received 90 minutes of group training based on dialectical behavior therapy skills for 14 sessions once a week. During this period, the control group did not receive any training. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance by SPSS-22 software. The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy skills training as a group was effective on the level of shame and marital adjustment in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.01) but had not effect on their cognitive flexibility compared to the control group (P>0/05). The results show that group dialectical behavior therapy skills can reduce the shame of women with addicted spouses of quitting and lead to improved marital adjustment in them.Keywords: addiction, cognitive flexibility, sham, skills dialectical behavior therapy, marital adjustment, women with spouses quitting addiction

In this study the Survey of Effort - Reward Imbalance on Work Life Conflict was investigated considering the meditating the role of subjective well-being. The statistical population includes all official staff and faculty members of Isfahan Azad University (Khorasgan) to 700 people in 2019, through Morgan table, 248 people were selected and a questionnaire was distributed. To analyze the data obtained, SPSS and WARP-PLS6 were employed. The results showed that the imbalance of effort-reward is effective on work-life conflict (p = 0.27) and the imbalance of effort-reward and mental well-being is effective on work-life conflict (p=-0.11). Mental well-being plays a moderating role in the relationship between perceptions of the imbalance of effort-reward over Work-Life conflict. Mental well-being directly modulates the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and Work-Life conflict, and if individuals have mental well-being, the feeling of effort-reward imbalance will have less of an effect on Work-Life conflict.

Aggression is formed as a reaction to external pressures in childhood and continues as a behavioral habit in adulthood if not corrected. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group empathy training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach in preschool children's aggression. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The statistical population includes all children in preschool in the Isfahan Education District Four in the academic year 2019-2020. Thirty children were selected via the students who had a lower score on the Cognitive-Emotional-Parent-Empires Scale and a higher score on the Aggression Scale and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of empathy group training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach and a post-test was conducted. After 45 days, the tests were repeated and the test results were analyzed SPSS-23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that in aggression and all three components including communication, overt and sociable, the difference between the experimental and control groups in both post-test and follow-up stages is significant(p<0.001), so it can be said that Cognitive-behavioral group training has a significant effect on improving aggression and its dimensions after the test, and the effects of training on follow-up remain. The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of group empathy training with the cognitive-behavioral method in reducing aggression and improving the behavioral performance of preschool children and creating new methods in clinical interventions for children.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy-based on Child parent relation therapy on the quality of maternal care and self-control of children with behavioral problems. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all mothers with children with behavioral problems aged 6 to 9 years who were referred to Tabassum Counseling Center in Shahriar in 2020. 24 mothers were selected by convenience sampling based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). The Landreth’s Child parent relation therapy training program was performed in 10 sessions of 2 hours per week for the experimental group and the control group remained on the waiting list. Data collection tools included maternal care quality questionnaire and self-control questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the maternal care quality and child self-control. Findings showed that play therapy based on Child parent relation therapy has a positive effect on the maternal care quality and increases children's self-control (p <0.05). The findings of this study show the effectiveness of Child parent relation therapy on child self-control and maternal care quality. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and therapists use this method to improve maternal care quality and increase self-control in children.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe impairment in social interactions, poor communication skills, and stereotyped behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sensory integration exercises on social interactions and stereotyped behaviors of children with ASD. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test was performed with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study was included all students aged 5 to 12 years with ASD in Arak, in the academic year 2018- 2019. The sample was selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (13 in each group). The experimental group received 12 sessions, three days a week and each session lasted 45 minutes of sensory integration intervention, while the control group did not receive any intervention. For data collection, Revised Scale of Repetitive Behaviors (Bodfish and Symons; Parker and Lewis, 2000) and a Social Interaction Questionnaire (Kadesjö et al., 2004) were used before and after the intervention. Then the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance by SPSS19 software. The findings showed that there was significant difference between the score of stereotyped behaviors (0.001) and social interactions (0.015) in the experimental group. Overall, it was concluded that sensory integration exercises reduce stereotyped behaviors and improve social interactions. Therefore, it is suggested that sensory integration exercises be used to improve social interactions and reduce stereotyped behaviors in children with an autism spectrum disorder.

This study examines the effect of a fit between regulatory focus and goal orientation on performance in a cognitive task. According to regulatory fit theory, a fit between regulatory focus and goal orientation can have positive effects on performance. However, previous studies in this area have produced conflicting results regarding the effect of regulatory fit on performance. This study is quantitative and uses a lab experiment to address these conflicting results. In total, 53 individuals participated in a 2x2 factorial design with two variables: regulatory focus (2 levels: promotion, prevention) and goal orientation (two levels: eagerness, vigilant). Research hypotheses were tested using a two-way analysis of variance. Results showed that regulatory fit harms performance. This result is consistent with previous studies which examined the effect of regulatory fit on performance in cognitive tasks such as brain storming task and reducing decision making biases such as escalation of commitment and sunk cost fallacy.

Bullying is one of the most important health problems for teenagers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental attachment and adolescent bullying in school by analyzing the mediating role of psychological well-being and peer attachment. The statistical population of the study consists of all first-grade high school students in Kowsar city in 2020-2021. Participants included 329 female students who were selected by cluster random sampling method and responded to the Illinois Bullying Scale 2001, Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale, 1980, and Parent-Peer Attachment Scale, 1987 in Adolescents. Research hypotheses were tested by path analysis. Findings showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between parental attachment and bullying. In addition, in the relationship between parental attachment and bullying, two variables of peer attachment and psychological well-being play a mediating role. Also, the fit indices of the final research model had a good fit, which all confirmed the significance of the research

Early detection of dementia in the elderly has always been challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the eye tracking of the elderly to assess the ability of this tool in the early detection of mild cognitive impairment as the prodromal stage for dementia. For this purpose, 60 elderly people of Farhangian Retirees Association in Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling and NUCOG test was performed on them for screening. Then, three groups of 8 people (healthy, with dementia and mild cognitive impairment) were randomly selected and evaluated in eye-tracking tasks. The results showed that the healthy elderly had the highest and the elderly with dementia the least attention and recurrence of repetitive images in a two-minute pause. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment were significantly between these two spectrums (P<0/01). It seems that with the help of eye-tracking, a quick and inexpensive diagnosis for mild cognitive impairment can be achieved.

Covid-19 has caused many psychological problems, and deaf people are among the most vulnerable groups at the time of this outbreak. The aim of this study was behavioral problems, anxiety disorders, and depression in deaf children and adolescents of mothers with and without fatigue symptoms in the COVID-19 outbreak. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of deaf children and adolescents in Qazvin, Arak, and Malayer, Iran. In this study, 87 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Revised Behavioral Problems Checklist, the Spence Children Anxiety Scale, and Level 2 - the Parent / Guardian Depression Scale. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the two groups. Results showed that the average of anxiety disorders (panic, separation anxiety, fear of physical injury, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder) and depression in deaf offspring of mothers with and without fatigue symptoms was higher than in offspring of mothers without fatigue symptoms. But there was no significant difference between behavioral disorders in the two groups. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the role of maternal fatigue in anxiety disorders and depression in deaf children and adolescents should be considered and the necessary psychological strategies have to be used to reduce this problem.

The current research aim was purpose conducted the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between problem solving styles and corona anxiety in a correlation design. The population of this study included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center who were studying in the academic year 2020-2021. 230 students participated in this study online and respond to Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, Ghadami, Alipour and Abdollahzadeh, 2020), Problem Solving Style (Cassidy and long, 1996) and General Self-Efficacy (Sherer and Madox, 1982). Data analysis was performed using path analysis statistical method and by the SPSS-22, and AMOS-24 statistical softwares and bootstrapping method was used to examine the mediating role of the variables. The findings showed that among the components of problem-solving styles, helplessness and inhibition have a positive effect and trust, orientation and self-efficacy have a negative effect on corona anxiety (P <0.01). Helplessness has a negative effect and creativity and tendency have a positive effect on self-efficacy (P <0.01). Orientation and creativity through self-efficacy mediation can reduce students’ anxiety and helplessness through self-efficacy mediation can increase students' anxiety (P <0.01). The findings are considered consistent with the results of similar previous studies and are an important step in explaining the factors affecting corona anxiety and also as a suitable model for designing comprehensive corona anxiety prevention programs.

The aim of this study is the prediction of the executive function of risky decision making, base on chronic stress and sensory processing sensitivity components in patients with multiple sclerosis. A sample of 200 patients (49 males and 151 females) of the Iranian MS Association completed the Chronic Stress Scale (CSS), the Sensory Processor Sensitivity Test, and the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT) Stepwise regression showed that the low sensory threshold predicts risky decision making in the first step. In the second and third steps, the low sensory threshold decreased with the introduction of chronic stress and the ease of stimulating the predictive power of the low sensory threshold. The predictive power of sensory thresholds, chronic stress, and ease of stimulation in predicting risky decisions increased. The results of this study showed that chronic stress and low sensory threshold dimensions, ease of stimulation and aesthetics, predict the role of risky decision making in MS patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Captainlog cognitive rehabilitation software on prospective and retrospective memory in patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and control group. Thirty-four patients with multiple sclerosis were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly and equally assigned to the experimental and control groups (17 patients in each group). The experimental group was intervened in 16 sessions of 60 minutes with Captain Log cognitive rehabilitation software, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects were assessed using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that Captain Log cognitive rehabilitation software had a significant effect on prospective and retrospective memory in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0.05). The findings of this study showed that Captain Log software can play an important role in improving prospective and retrospective memory in patients with multiple sclerosis.