International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Patient safety is one of the most important parameters of quality health care. The role of health care workers in providing safe care is essential, and their positive attitudes towards this issue will positively affect patient safety. This review aimed to investigate the attitudes of health care workers towards patient safety in Iran.

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guideline was used to conduct the present review. Data resources including SID, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, ISC, Web of science, and Google Scholar were chosen to conduct the literature search both in Persian and English without any time limit until the end of January 2021. Inclusion criteria included all English or Persian language studies in which the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to assess the attitude of Iranian health care workers towards patient safety.

In the primary search, 342 studies were obtained, finally 11 of which were reviewed. Among these, 10 studies had cross-sectional designs, and one study was a quasi-experimental research. Overall, 2162 health care workers were analyzed. The results of the present study showed that most health care workers in Iran had unfavorable attitudes towards patient safety. 

As upgrading health care workers’ attitudes seems necessary to improve patients’ safety, it is recommended that health organizations provide regular patients’ safety training, both at employment time and during service to the health care workers who are in direct and indirect contact with patients.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are mainly associated with nurseschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) high physical demands. Training healthy behavior can reduce these disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory on changing unhealthy behaviors leading to low back pain in nursing aid staff working in Qom hospitals.

A quasi-experimental study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 with educational intervention based on social cognitive theory was performed on 452 nursing aid. Data collection tools were the questionnaire of social cognitive theory constructs, the Low Back Pain Prevention Behavior Questionnaire, the Quebec back pain disability scale, and the Visual Analog Scale for low back pain. The training was based on the four structures of self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome expectation, and moral disengagement in groups of 20 to 30 individuals. Then the results of the statistical tests were compared pre-and post-intervention.

After the intervention, social cognitive theory structures were increased significantly. The mean score of lumbar health behavior after training showed a significant increase from 32.59 to 32.57. The mean score of low back pain after training decreased significantly from 5.17 to 3.98 and the mean score of physical disability of low back pain decreased significantly after training.

Educational intervention based on social cognitive theory reduces the severity of low back pain and the consequent disability.

Telecommuting effects on various aspects of personal and professional life, such as productivity, work-life balance, performance, quality of life and job satisfaction. Due to limited knowledge regarding these impacts, the present study was conducted to review the  evidences to conclude the overall effects of telework on personal and professional life of individuals who telework. 

In this study key search was done between 2000 and 2021 in databases of science direct, web of science, pubMed, scopus, magiran and google scholar. Keywords were telecommuting, teleworking, productivity, job satisfaction, work-life balance, work- life conflict, stress and performance. 

This study showed telecommuting can have positive and negative effects on various aspects of personal and professional life, such as productivity, job satisfaction, work-life balance, and quality of work performance, work-life conflict and stress. Type of organization, community, family and the telecommuter himself  were various influential factors in this regard.

Due to the importance of the organizational productivity, family and community progress, and the telecommuter himself satisfaction, more attention should be paid to these  factors during Covid -19 prevalence. It is also recommended to conduct more studies on the effects of telecommuting on personal and professional life.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the chronic diseases and are the main cause of long-term  physical disability. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and a devastating  disease and is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world that causes severe pain, decreased 
function, decreased social interaction and ultimately quality of life in patients. There is no definitive cure  for osteoarthritis of the knee, because the changes caused by this complication are irreversible, but the clinical symptoms can be reduced and tissue damage can be delayed. Non-pharmacological therapies  such as physiotherapy and exercise therapy, if positive, can play an important role in treating this disease preventing the unpleasant complications of the disease.  Among the treatments for osteoarthritis, exercise therapy and knee protection behaviors seem to be one of the most effective, inexpensive and without side effects. 

Given the increasing prevalence of osteoarthritis in women and their susceptibility to many diseases and other problems caused by not performing knee protection behaviors in women with osteoarthritis, communities should make this health problem as a priority to be solved.  In this review the prevalence, complication, risk factors and pain management of knee osteoarthritis have been discussed.

Neck pain (NP) is one of the most common MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) that leading to occupational health problems and complaints among different professions. As many studies indicated that NP is common among teachers, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of occupational neck pain in among teachers based on Health Belief Model (HBM).

In this descriptive-analytical study, 224 teachers from 26 schools were selected randomly. Based on inclusion criteria, 144 participants were eligible and included in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was applied to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed through Pearson correlation test by using SPSS version 24.

This study showed there is a significant relationship between teachers’ occupational neck pain and various factors such as age, gender, work experience, doing exercise, awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and prevent behavior (P <0.05 in all instances).

As this study indicated the majority of  the risk factors associated with neck pain can be controlled, providing educational - training program  for  teachers to  reduce occupational neck pain is strongly recommended.

Nowadays, schoolbags are considered to be resulted in musculoskeletal discomforts among students. This study set out to determine this health problem due to carrying school bag in students studying in high schools of Ardabil, Iran.

This study was carried out among adolescent students in Ardabil city, Iran, in 2019. To collect data a socio-demographic questionnaire was used to complete demographic variables. Furthermore, standard scales were applied to measure weight and height of the students as well as weight of their school backpack. All data entered into the SPSS statistical software and analysed through descriptive analysis tests to determine the status of backpack among secondary high school students in Ardabil, Iran.

A total of 474 adolescent students with mean age of (13.51±1.13 years) were assessed in this study. According the findings, more than half of studied students used backpack while going to school. This study revealed the mean weight of studied students and their backpacks were 52.38 ± 12.34 kg and 3.57± 1.18kg respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) was found to be 23.56. ± 6.84. The average weight of the backpack of first-year students was 3.45±1.25 kg, in second-year students, it was 3.55± 1.08 kg, and in third-year students, it was 3.69±1.21 kg.

As most of adolescent students used backpack in the way to school , complying with standard rules of backpack use is strongly recommended.

This systematic review was performed to find the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for outcomes such as pain, physical function, and cost-effectiveness in Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) patients.

Articles published in peer-reviewed journals till February 2019, were used through searches of three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science). Keywords including mindfulness, mindfulness-based intervention, mindfulness meditation and CLBP were used in search strategy. At last, a total of 8 articles were included in the final analysis.

All included studied studies were high qualified by which physical function was being measured as their outcome. The Short-Form Health Survey was the most frequently used measure of physical function in the studies. Anxiety and depression were as secondary outcomes in four of eight studies. The Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) method was the main intervention that was used in the studies. Most of the studies utilized at least six sessions and 2 hours (30 minutes for each session) weekly. Sessions were managed by experienced person in MBSR field. Five out of eight studies approved MBSR fop pain improvement compared to usual cares.

This study supported the strategy of applying non-pharmacological therapies for CLBP which are effective in managing pain among adults. However doing more researches to evaluate the persistent long effects of this therapy and its cost-effectiveness in comparison to medications is strongly recommended.