نشریه علوم و فنون سازندگی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار 1400)

Change is one of the most constant phenomena of the present century and there is no escape from change. Changes in principles, beliefs, values ​​(Values) and infrastructure are rare and will be major changes in structures, tools and superstructures. Changes in organizations can be both planned and based on strategies (action) and forced due to changes in internal and external environment (reactive).The business model in the manufacturing (contracting) industry has undergone fundamental changes over the past period, from the form of  internal to the form of cooperation and investment in production. Therefore, the organizations of this industry must adapt and organize themselves with the developments of their industry. New developments inside and outside the country are caused by rapid problems and the change in the paradigm of this industry is evaluated in such a way that the need for rapid change to a new state is felt, which can be referred to as the rapid paradigm shift. Nearby options for continuing to work macro can be classified into two categories. 1- Changing the general mission and re-engineering the organization, 2- Expanding the scope of the current mission can be considered as two options in front of the headquarters. With the complexity and combination of wars and pressures on the Islamic revolution, the need for comprehensive attention to the issue of economic warfare along with other wars (military, political, security, cyber, cultural, etc.) has become more important.

In addition to managing consumption, investing in new water resources that are unexplored underground can be effective in supplying part of the country's water needs. In this study, first, with extensive study of global experiences, properties, limitations and benefits of using deep groundwater resources are presented and in the next step, Sistan and Baluchestan province was evaluated from the point of view of deep groundwater resources potential. For this purpose, geological and hydrogeological characteristics such as aquifer formation conditions, hydrostratigraphy, aquifer geometry, groundwater velocity, residence time, renewability, age, origin, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, aquifer storage volume, and qualitative characteristics of some of the world's largest aquifers, including Great Artesian Basin in Australia and the Nubian Aquifer system in North Africa were analyzed. Also, some important factors such as economics, limitations and advantages of exploitation, as well as the environmental consequences of exploitation of deep groundwater resources in different countries were evaluated. The results of studies on the geological conditions and hydrogeology of the world's largest aquifers and its comparison with the geological conditions of Iran show that in general the Iranian plateau has a complex geology consisting of several geological blocks. Therefore, it makes more sense to focus studies on the identification and exploration of water and deep aquifers on small scales. Comparison of the results obtained from the overview of geological and hydrogeological characteristics of Sistan and Baluchestan province indicates the possibility of aquifer formation on a small scale in the thick alluvial layers of Hamoon-Helmand, Hamoon-Mashkil, Hamoon-Jazmourian and hard rocks of the Kavir-e Lut basins.

This paper presents an evaluation of the performance of industrial steel structures under fire load. This evaluation was performed on the structure of Mashhad metro line 2 stabling building which is one of the largest sheds in the depot site of line 2 of Mashhad metro. For this purpose, numerical analysis using finite element method has been used. The main components of fire resistance include columns and rafters so elements with low fire resistance, such as purlin, have been removed to investigation the structural fire resistance. The results of the analysis showed that the structure of the stabling building, under the most critical fire scenario, has a minimum fire resistance of 110 minutes against the collapse caused by fire. Also, by examining two different fire scenarios, it was identified that uniform fire scenario creates a more critical situation than the non-uniform fire scenario. It is suggested that for the design of other similar structures, effective fire protection be provided for the rafters and panel zones to guarantee the stability of the structure.

The Enemy's threats against Islamic country have obliged the military force to regard the importance of underground spaces as safe structures against air strike. These structures are capable of protecting military equipment such as ammunition store and non- military targets like urban tunnel from missile attack. The design of military and non-military infrastructure should have a proper application against natural disaster at peace and war time. There is no written standard in terms of the effect of the projectile blast on structures. So, Numerical modeling is the economical method to be applied as the useful tool in engineering design and analysis. In this study, the effect of main parameters on stability of underground spaces subjected to explosion wave has been considered and suggested the safe design for these structures. In this regard, the influence of the presence and absence of water condition, geometry and dimensions of underground spaces, the tunnel depth, the geomechanical properties of rock mass, stress ratio, the size of crater and the horizontal distance of projectile collision versus amount of peak particle velocity on underground spaces have been taken to account, using FLAC3D software. Then, tagochi design method has been used to assess all mentioned parameters. The results show that, in variance analysis, rock mass classifying and stress ratio have the maximum and minimum effect on underground stability respectively. With regard to input parameters, water was accounted as damper and among the geometries; circle- shaped tunnel is the best shape. The tunnel cross section should be small and optimized. The stability of underground spaces is improved with increasing depth, owing to the better quality of rock mass. The higher crater distance from tunnel and the bigger crater are caused less influence on stability.

In this study, in roder to investigate the optimal location of a production well, the fast forward method (FMM) was implemented as a proxy to calculate the bottom hole pressure of wells instead of a comprehensive numerical simulation. Two reservoirs, the standard SPE10 reservoir and the Shadegan reservoir were studied. Also, for optimization, the metaheuristic particle swarm algorithm (PSO) has been used which the combination of two methods called PSO-FMM. This method is a fast forecasting method and is highly capable so that it enhances the objective function up to 20% , compared to the conventional well drilling methods. Also, this method has a considerable speed so that it reduced the simulation time 10% of direct stimulation (PSO). This study also proved that the fast forward FMM method is very compatible with numerical simulation-based methods for multi-well location optimization problems (SPE 10 standard model) and a single well optimization (one-sector of Shadegan reservoir).

oil analysis Examines the sample method and shows the characteristics and different materials resulting from erosion, pollution, etc. in engine oil, gearbox and hydraulic system. In fact, this method of sampling is analysis based on the unauthorized contents of the oil. The basis of oil analysis work is to reflect the condition of the machine for a certain period of time by showing the condition of the machines in operation. Oil analysis is a tool that can be used to help check the condition of a machine oil. It is like sampling human blood and the oil sample does not represent everything that happens inside the machine, but it can provide valuable information. Today, equipment is used at the level of some workshops that reduces the user's visit to the standard laboratory, but since these devices have not been studied so far, we decided to include them in this paper. From the point of view of erosive elements, contamination ,physical and chemical characteristics are examined only  from the point of view of existing devices and its accuracy and quality are compared with the standard method.