Iranian Journal of Orthodontics
Volume:16 Issue: 2, Dec 2021

This study aimed to compare the quality of life of mothers with children born with cleft lip and palate versus mothers with normal children.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), 23 mothers of 1 to 3 months old infants with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate as well as 23 mothers of normal, non-cleft infants as control group were assessed through the standard quality of life SF-36 questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).
Descriptive statistical analysis (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and analytical statistical test (independent t-test) were used. (P-value <0.05 was considered as significant.)

Present study showed the average quality of life score of mothers of infants with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate was 64.49. Also, the average quality of life score in the control group was 67.06. The mean quality of life of the two groups did not have any statistically significant differences (P =0.597).
Also, there was no significant difference between the mothers of affected infants and the control group in eight scopes of the questionnaire including general health, physical function, limitation of role play due to physical reasons, limitation of role play for emotional reasons, social function, physical pain, fatigue or cheerfulness, and mental health (P >0.05). Moreover, both groups had a weak level in terms of role limitation due to physical reasons.

According to the results of the present study, both groups did not show a high level of quality of life. Awareness of this issue can guide to providing the necessary social support for all mothers with newborn infants, especially mothers of infants with congenital anomalies such as cleft lip and palate.

Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. A missed appointment has many potential implications for oral health and treatment outcomes. Given the importance of the topic in community oral health programming, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health literacy, missed appointments, and DMFT in adults attending the orthodontic clinic of Birjand.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 adults who were randomly referred to Birjand orthodontic clinic. Health literacy was assessed using the questionnaire OHL-AQ. In addition, missed appointments were reviewed over a one-year period. DMF index was also calculated using the patient's first panoramic radiograph. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. A significant level (p = 0.05) was considered.

This study was conducted on 172 patients referred to the orthodontic clinic, with a mean age of 24,64.9 years, a minimum age of 18 and a maximum age of 42 years. The oral health literacy of the participants was 12.23.2 There was no significant association between oral health literacy and gender, missed appointments, and DMFT index (P > 0.05), but education was an effective factor for the level of oral health literacy (P < 0.002).

The study found adequate OHL, which could be due to a high level of education. However, health policy makers should devise programs to promote oral health in the community. Oral health literacy was not influenced by gender, absenteeism and DMFT, but education was a factor that influenced the level of oral health literacy.

The aim of this study was to determine Bolton ratios in the Iranian orthodontically treated population of different malocclusions and compare these values among malocclusion groups and with Bolton reference values.

Bolton ratios of 210 subjects were investigated in three groups of Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. The measurement of mesiodistal width of teeth was made on post-treatment dental models using a digital caliper. One-way analysis of variance and one-sample t-test were used to compare obtained anterior values and overall ratios among studied groups and with reference values, respectively. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean values of anterior ratio in total subjects were 76.77, and in the Class I skeletal pattern group was 76.51, which were significantly different from the reference value (p-value < 0.05). However, the differences in the mean anterior ratios of Class II and III groups and the mean overall ratios of three studied groups with reference values were not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the anterior and overall Bolton ratios of the three studied groups (p-value>0.05).

Since the obtained Bolton ratios in Class II and III groups were not significantly different from reference values, these values are also applicable for mild skeletal malocclusions. However, the difference in mean anterior ratios of the total 210 subjects and Class I group with Bolton reference values could be caused by racial differences or several factors related to orthodontic treatment, which can be investigated in subsequent studies.

Addressing the challenges posed by the Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors (CMMLI) is not limited to single treatment modality.

This systematic review is intended to evaluate the evidence for the best treatment option available for the CMMLI.

Electronic data base search was done across PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, Publons, Web of Sciences, etc. Selection of articles was limited to English language publications pertaining to CMMLI treatment modalities either by closing the space orthodontically and substituting canine or by prosthetic replacement. Two authors reviewed the articles for the eligibility criteria to overcome the selection bias. The risk for assessment of bias across and within the studies was done through Cochrane ROBINS-I assessment tool.

Out of 130 studies which were searched for review questions, only 3 studies met the selection criteria. There was no difference in the periodontal status evaluation or in the patient’s perception of aesthetics between the two treatment modalities. Neither of the two treatment modalities cause any TMJ abnormalities.

Both closing the space orthodontically by substituting canine and prosthetic replacement by the use of implant for the missing maxillary lateral incisor seem to be viable treatment plans.

Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. This study aimed to compare the gonial angle in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs in different skeletal patterns.

In this cross-sectional study, 240 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from the archives of Sari Dental School. The gonial angle of each radiograph was traced and measured with a conveyor. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-test, and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.

The paired t-test of the gonial angle did not show a statistically significant difference between different skeletal groups when measured using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results, the p-value of the difference between the right and left gonial angles in skeletal class III patients (p=0.019) was obtained larger than the test level (p=0.05).  Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the size of the left and right gonial angles in panoramic radiographs of skeletal class III patients. 

Panoramic radiography can be an accurate alternative to lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle in different skeletal patterns due to the lower radiation it exposes to the patient.

Fixed functional appliances used in the treatment of Class II malocclusion have the advantage of requiring minimal patient compliance, and they can be used simultaneously with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) in growing patients with Class II malocclusion.

A total of 50 pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCRs) of 25 patients treated with Forsus fatigue resistant device (mean age = 12 ± 0.54years) for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion were compared with the 25 untreated class II control patients (mean age 12 ± 0.38 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated using cephalometric measurements, and the treatment changes were analyzed by paired t-test.

The LCRs findings showed that the FFRD produced more dentoalveolar changes with less skeletal changes. The dentoalveolar changes in the FFRD group include significant reduction of overjet & overbite (p<0.001), retroclination of maxillary incisors (p<0.001), proclination and intrusion of the mandibular incisors (p<0.001) and mesialization of mandibular first molars (p<0.001). A significant improvement in the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue structures of the face was achieved in the FFRD group compared with the control group.

The FFRD is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. The Class II correction was achieved by a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar effects, and wherein dentoalveolar changes were more predominant compared to the skeletal changes.

There is a controversy about the relationship between familial history, orthodontic treatment and the onset or intensification of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). According to high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its diagnosis as well as the lack of enough information in determining the role of the familial traits in the inheritance of TMD symptoms, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between familial history and TMD by considering the orthodontic treatment.

The present case-control study was performed on 170 patients, aged over 14 years, referring to Shahid Beheshti Dental School and a private clinic. Patients with a history of head and neck trauma, history of orthognathic surgery, and systemic diseases were excluded.

The prevalence of TMD was 47.1% and the most detected sign was clicking. The prevalence of TMD in patients with orthodontic treatment was 56.6%, in patients with familial history was 60% and in patients with both orthodontic treatment and familial history was 63.6%. TMD had higher prevalence in the age over 26, in women, increased over bite and in patients who had parafunctional habits.

The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of TMD in patients with familial history was higher than those with no family history. Thus, orthodontic treatment should be considered an important environmental factor and family history as a risk factor for TMD in our treatments.

The objective of present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the surface irregularities produced by three different methods of IPR followed by polishing and sealant application, using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Profilometer.

The study sample comprised of 100 extracted permanent maxillary 1st premolar teeth divided into 10 groups with 1 control group and 9 experimental groups according to the stripping method employed (hand-pulled abrasive strips, air rotor stripping and IPR file system) and subsequent finishing procedures (sealant application and polishing strips). The statistically significant intergroup comparison for the difference of mean scores between independent groups and difference among groups was determined by t test, one-way analyses of variance (Anova) and Tukey HSD Post Hoc test at level of significance set at 5%. or p < 0.05.

Surface roughness value (Ra) obtained using Profilometer and SEM images at 500x and 1500x magnification of IPR using diamond burs followed by sealant application (Group 7) had reasonably smooth surface. IPR File System when used with non-possibility of carrying out any adjunct finishing procedures (Group 4), disturbed the enamel surface to the least.

Finishing procedures used post IPR gave smoother enamel surfaces making it necessary for reduction of number and depth of grooves created by IPR. Best combination which produced minimal enamel surface roughness post IPR in present study was diamond burs followed by sealant application.