فصلنامه مطالعات میان فرهنگی
پیاپی 45 (زمستان 1399)

The present study aims to Sociological explanation of political culture and the components of ethnocentrism and traditionalism affecting it in the metropolis of Ahwaz. The data of this study were collected by survey method from a sample of 384 people who were selected from a population of 781091 citizens aged 18 to 65 years living in the metropolis of Ahwaz by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable (political culture) became operational with three dimensions of political values, political attitudes and political knowledge and its relation to independent variables, including ethnocentrism and traditionalism, which are a combination of the theories of Inglehart, Elazar, Habermas, and Almond Verba; Hypotheses were made and tested. The data collection tool in this study is a questionnaire whose reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 and AMOS software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings showed that between the two variables of ethnocentrism and traditionalism, the variable of traditionalism has a positive relationship with political culture and ethnocentrism has a significant negative relationship with political culture. Also, regarding the relationship between ethnicity and traditionalism and the dimensions of political culture, it was found that ethnocentrism has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes and political knowledge. Traditionalism also has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes, but traditionalism has no significant relationship with political knowledge.

Nowadays, in the linguistics of socialization, new aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior are discussed, such as patience and tolerance in the face of different thoughts and unpleasant / Inappropriate speech of the speaker for the listener. Russian linguists have equated patience with tolerance, while patience has a positive semantic dimension and tolerance has a negative dimension. The concepts of patience and tolerance have received less attention from Iranian linguists. Mostly, the moral and religious aspects of these concepts have been of interest to Iranians. The problem of the present study is how to have an environment with peace in associating with other cultures? This question arises both in the intercultural relationship and in the relationship between different and diverse cultures. The goal is to find ways to avoid the formation of an aggressive social environment. The importance of the subject is because the research findings can help maintain the relationship between speakers of different verbal and behavioral cultures. Today, cultural differences are among the social and global values. The research method in the present study is library research and descriptive research.

The 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personality was able to change the minds of the Iranian people and transform the minds of Iranians with unique characteristics. This article aims to understand the dimensions of Imam Khomeini's influence in the minds of Iranians, requires intellectual knowledge and dimensions of cultural capital. Therefore, this article uses the theory of cultural capital of "Pierre Bourdieu" and the application of the sociological method of phenomenology shows the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Imam Khomeini and the coordinates of the Iranian political field in the formation of comprehensive legitimacy of Imam Khomeini in people and groups. Politics played an important role in the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study show that Imam Khomeini, using Islamic-Shiite elements against the modernist policies of the Pahlavi regime, mobilized the Iranians in support of revolutionary ideas.

This research, which was carried out with the aim of designing a university culture model in Farhangian University, is a type of consecutive mixed research that was conducted in two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, the phenomenological method was used and with 16 faculty members of Isfahan Farhangian University who were selected by snowball method, the interview was conducted until complete saturation and the dimensions and components of university culture were coded and specified and turned into a questionnaire. Quantitative research, which is descriptive research type was conducted by survey method. The designed questionnaire was distributed among 351 students who were identified by available classification sampling method and through construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software environment, the correspondence between components and dimensions of university culture in Farhangian University was examined and finally the culture model. Farhangian University University was approved in 7 dimensions of national and religious identity, cultural values, promotion of research values, promotion of educational values, cultural activities, strengthening of material culture and academic norms with 25 sub-concepts.

The main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at the same time in Iran and Turkey. To achieve this goal, the question was raised that how are the effects of the modernization of rural society in Turkey and its consequences in the novel Ince Memed and the effects of modernization of rural society in Iran and its consequences in the novel Kelidar stated? To answer this question, based on the theoretical framework of tradition and modernity, based on Giddens's views, and with a qualitative method of critical discourse analysis, these two novels have been studied. In both novels, the landlord discourse is the dominant discourse. In both novels, we also encounter patriarchal discourse, both of which are among the traditional discourses. In Kelider's novel, we are confronted with the modern discourse of parties relying on the Tudeh Party. Reza Khan's reforms in Kelider's novel are more significant than Atatürk's reforms in Ince Memed trilogy, and the effects of modernization of society in Kelider's novel are more than the effects of modernization of society in Ince Memed trilogy.

The divergent trend of science and technology has begun almost 300 B.C. and continued until the middle of the twentieth century. The gradual separation of science from philosophy and then the creation of academic disciplines are two historical evidences of this claim. The industrial revolution and its consequences, the factory system, the professionalization approach in science and technology, and the analytic thinking, are the most important factors in creation the divergent trend of science and technology. Since the middle of the twentieth century, with the advent of two flows of "interdisciplinaries" and "emergent technologies", the convergence of science and technology has begun. The domination of "systemic thinking" instead of "analytic thinking" and as well as the "deprofessionalization" approach, instead of the "professionalization" approach, are two factors that influence this change of paradigm. In this paper, with a cultural-historical approach and the use of existing documents, we seek to explain the claim that the trend of science and technology has been diverging for several hundred years and gradually, in the mid-twentieth century, evidence of its convergence has been observed.