پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال نهم شماره 24 (پاییز 1400)

Conflict and emotional distress in couples can be the result of processes in the ‎couple's relationship that logotherapy seeks to weaken these processes and thereby reduce ‎unnecessary suffering for couples. The purpose of this study was study of the ‎effectiveness of training logotherapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on Molla ‎Sadra school on marital conflict. The present study was a quasi-experimental with a control group, pre-test and post-test. ‎ The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples who referred to a counseling center in Isfahan in 2019 due to marital conflict.. At first, 30 individuals were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The members of the experimental group received 10 sessions of training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school. Moreover, the participants answered the Marital Conflict ‎ Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of univariate covariance. The results showed that training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school significantly improved the mean scores of marital conflict in the experimental group compared to the control group . The using of training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school ‎would be useful for reducing marital conflict.

This research was conducted with the purpose of investigating the role of uniformity among the dimensions of spiritual well-being and the dimensions of couples' meaning of life in predicting family efficiency; thus, a non-experimental correlation method was applied. The population included all parents of elementary school students in the city of Ghayen (3450 couples) and 150 couples were selected by the multistage sampling. The data were gathered using the questionnaires of spiritual well-being, the meaning of life, and family efficiency, and were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression tests. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between the uniformity among the dimensions of well-being (relationship with God, with self, with others, and with nature) and one dimension of meaning of life (valuable), and family efficiency. The analysis of regression also indicated that the uniformity between the two dimensions of relationship with others and with nature predicts almost 22% of couples' family efficiency, and the uniformity among dimensions of meaning of life cannot predict family efficiency. Therefore, the more couples are similar to each other in different personal dimensions, the more they have similar culture, world-view, and thought. As a result, kind relationships, respect, tolerance, comfort, and spiritual improvement among couples increase.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship of personal traits and gender with rationality. The population included all women and men aged over 18 years in the city of Qom and 190 people were selected by the snowball sampling based on Tabachnic's and Fidell's formula. The data were collected by the Mirderikvandi's rationality questionnaire and NEO personality inventory, and were analyzed by the correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and t-test. The results showed that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between some personal traits, such as conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience, and rationality, and a meaningful and negative relationship between neuroticism and rationality. In addition, some personal traits have a relationship with gender: women's neuroticism is more than men's, and men's extraversion and conscientiousness is more than women's. There is no difference between men and women in terms of openness to experience and agreeableness. According to the results, there is a meaningful relationship between gender and the total score of rationality in which men's rationality is more than women's. There is no difference between men and women in the case of rationality aspects, including the relationship with God and the relationship with religion. Predicting participants' rationality on the basis of personal traits and gender is just meaningful to conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion. In total, these variables predict 67.2% of participants' rationality.

This correlational research aimed to do a proficiency test of a psychometric analysis of a scale for measuring girl students' beliefs and coping behaviors with a non-experimental method. The population was all girl students in Tehran and 398 girls were selected by the convenience sampling as the sample. The data were gathered by the scale for measuring beliefs and coping behaviors and a short-form religious coping scale. The statistical methods of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to determine the factor validity of the scale for measuring beliefs and coping behaviors, and Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the internal consistency. Moreover, construct validity was measured using the correlation coefficient between the scale for measuring beliefs and coping behaviors and the religious coping scale. The results of analyzing the main components using Varimax rotation method showed that the scale for measuring beliefs and coping behaviors consists of four factors of structure, the sense of social belonging, the personal relationship with higher power, and world-view, and the indicators of confirmatory factor analysis (based on the LISREL software) confirmed these four factors. The results of the correlation between the dimensions of beliefs and coping behaviors and the dimensions of positive and negative religious coping experimentally confirmed the construct validity of measuring beliefs and coping behaviors, and the internal consistency coefficients of the scale were desirable. In sum, according to the findings of the research, this scale is a valid tool to measure the role of religion in the face of stressful events of life among girl students.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with the purpose of modeling girls' body image anxiety based on perfectionism mediated by basic psychological needs with an emphasis on structural equation modeling. The population included girl students of Islamic Azad universities in Golestan province and 500 girls were selected by the cluster sampling. The data were collected by the questionnaires of body image anxiety, perfectionism, and basic psychological needs, and the data were analyzed by the LISREL software. The results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship among the variables. In addition, the indicators of goodness of fit showed the desirable fit of structural model of body image anxiety, based on perfectionism, mediated by basic psychological needs. Perfectionism and basic psychological needs explained up to 32% of the changes of body image anxiety. According to the results, perfectionism and based psychological needs can two determinant variables of explaining girls' body image anxiety, and can be effective in preventing the further disorders of physical deformity.

This correlational research aimed to investigate the causal relationship of parenting stress and spiritual intelligence with psychological well-being mediated by marital satisfaction among the mothers of exceptional children with a non-experimental method. The population included all mothers of exceptional children in the city of Bojnurd and 210 mothers were selected by the convenience sampling. The data were collected by the questionnaires of parenting stress, spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, and marital satisfaction, and the proposed model was analyzed by the path analysis. In addition, bootstrapping was used to test indirect relationships. According to the results, all direct paths were significant except the path of parenting stress to psychological well-being. The indirect paths were also significant through the path of marital satisfaction to psychological well-being. Therefore, the proposed model has a desirable fit and can be a proper model for designing and formulating plans to prevent the tensions experienced by the mothers of exceptional children and increase their psychological well-being.

Although the concept of "maternal right" is apparently obvious, it is always ambiguous in terms of meaning and scope. This term first came in the secondary sources of international law and some international documents, and there is not a comprehensive definition of it yet. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing Imam Khomeini's ideas and the Iranian law about maternal right. The data were collected by examining the related written sources and were analyzed by a documentary-library method. The results pointed out that although the term "maternal right" is not clearly expressed in Imam Khomeini's thoughts and the Iranian law, many rights are considered for the mothers. The scope of rights considered for the mothers in the Iranian law and especially in Imam Khomeini's thoughts is broader than the scope of such rights in the international law. Moreover, in the international law, the rights considered for mothers often come in the secondary sources such as General Assembly resolutions, while in the Iranian law, such rights are obliging and even in some cases, the level of their obligation is the extent to which not only they are considered for the mothers, but also they are commitments to be done by others.

There is no doubt about the legitimacy of the temporary marriage contract from the view of Shia jurisprudence, and accordingly the Civil Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran accepts that and explains its pillars and rulings in a number of Articles. Understanding the nature of this contract regarding the jurisprudence and law is an important and a controversial discussion. Some scholars believe that the temporary marriage is completely the same as the lease contract and the marriage portion is given when the sexual pleasure happens and the temporary marriage contract is basically different from the permanent marriage contract. In contrast, some believe that the nature of the temporary marriage contract is the same as the permanent marriage contract and only some of their consequences and rulings are different; thus, this research, using the evidences, aimed to criticize the first idea and improve the second idea which considers the two marriage contracts as the same. Therefore, all related written sources were analyzed by a documentary-library method. The results showed that the temporary marriage contract in the Islamic law, like the permanent marriage contract, is a holy legal entity and the couples have special mutual duties and rights.

Paying special attention to the educational role of the aspects of war in the life makes the lifestyle a much more important subject. This qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the Islamic lifestyle components in the written memory of "Da", one of the written works in the holy defense, by applying the Grounded Theory research strategy; thus, after analyzing and comparing the qualitative data related to the subject, the Islamic lifestyle components were extracted in the form of 43 concepts and 8 main categories. According to the results, its main categories were as follows: belief and religious issues, educational issues, moral issues, motivational issues, unity and solidarity, purposefulness, rationalism, and pragmatism, that belief and religious issues had the most frequency compared to the other components in this written memory.