فصلنامه تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، تابستان 1400)

This paper discusses the government's view on contemporary Iranian music as well as the relationship between religion and art during the years 1971 to 2018. Thus, the relationship between the two institutions of religion and art was examined through sociological perspectives. For that matter, qualitative and analytical approaches were applied, with the first relying on historical method where the tool was historical documents (newspapers) and oral history (interviews with elites) and the second analyzing the statistics published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. In terms of data type, this is a historical research. The required data include three categories published by national press between 1971 and 2018, data related to interviewees and those published by the Music Division of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance from 1982 to 2018. The results showed that the media information, interviews and the Music Bureau data are in one direction with regard to the state of music between 1971 and 2018 in a way that music was completely weakened in the 1980s due to the dominance of religious view on the country. The present study, by examining three data groups, showed the stage of challenges the two institutions of religion and art have faced in contemporary Iran. These challenges have, sometimes, led to severe stances of active and effective forces in these two social institutions against each other. However, artistic forces are gradually in the process to free themselves from the domination of religious institutions and gain independence.

Protecting and spreading religious beliefs is an ultimate goal of performing Ta’ziye (in remembrance of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his companions) in Iran, a ritual that includes several other structural elements, including music. In existing researches on the subject, influenced by the above approach, none has considered the use of music essential for this ritual and its participants. The current paper tries to study the purpose of using music during Ta’ziye and its impact on the people participating in this ritual. The concept of function as proposed in the basics of ethnomusicology has formed a theoretical framework for this study. As such, the data was collected through a field study and library sources and assessed using the content analysis method. The findings show that all functions of music mentioned by Merriam applied to Ta’ziye. The findings further suggest that the use of music by an individual or group may act contrary to the actual musical functions of that activity. In this article, Khansar Qudjān Ta’ziye has been taken as a case study to show functions and dysfunctions of music during this religious event.

Among the three main domains of production, distribution and consumption, Iranian national music has specifically received little attention from contemporary researchers. Music has a special place in the Iranian culture since it is shaped by historical and biocultural experiences of this society. But in recent years, Iranian national music has not only lost its social influence but the audience and its social functions as well. Usually, music is distributed in Iran through its producers after obtaining official licenses and reviewing the content of a musical piece. Since Iranian national music is different in contents and requirements compared to other countries, using Western theories to understand its distribution mechanism in Iran may not be very helpful. Also, no research has been done so far to understand the socio-cultural aspects of the distribution mechanism of Iranian national music. This research seeks to establish a comprehensive understanding of this field with a heuristic approach as well as by using the systematic grounded theory. Data were collected via an in-depth interview technique, coded and categorized with three open and axial as well as selective instructions. 23 concepts and 8 categories were extracted from the data. Finally, using the paradigm model, the grounded theory is presented in the form of a story and visual model.

Due to the sensitive conditions of childhood and the fact that one of the most popular and influential types of media for children is animation, it is inevitable to study the effects of observing animations in the education of this period. The present study was conducted to investigate the negation and necessity of educational implications of Sponge Bob animation based on six areas of education. The formal validity of the categories related to the six domains was confirmed by experts. 772 using the Scott coefficient and the opinions of 4 experts in this field; Finally, Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data obtained from the study. Based on the findings of this study, 242 topics related to the existence of six fields of education in this animation were observed that the field of biological and physical education has the highest level of attention and importance and the field of moral education has the lowest level of attention and importance. Also, 314 themes were observed in the negation of the six domains; the negation of the field of moral education has the most attention and importance and the negation of the field of aesthetic and artistic education has the least attention and importance. Findings indicate that the growth of human existence has not been considered in a balanced way in SpongeBob animation, so it is recommended to avoid the formation of caricature characters and pay attention to all areas of human existence.

The Coronavirus has had a profound effect not only on people's lifestyles, human relationships, and media experiences, rather increased their connection with new media. Members of the analog media generation entered a new space and built their new bio-world. With an emphasis on theories of Mannheim and reading concepts such as media landscape and media ecology, the print and analog generation's exposure to new post-Covid-19 media world and the lived experience of analog media generations in corona-specific conditions have been studied. This phenomenological study has had in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 individuals over 60 years of age. Findings were analyzed by thematic analysis. Under the sub-theme of "Print and Analogue Generations Biomedia", three themes: "Media Biography", "Staying at Home" and "Post-Covid Experience Perspective" were extracted. The findings showed that the biomedia phenomenon during the Covid-19 pandemic is made up of the following elements: A) How do people understand the media, their media experience; B) This experience shapes their biomedia throughout their lives; C) Based on this meaning, an experience of the new media space is created in their consciousness, through which, biomedia finds its meaning; D) The Coronavirus outbreak as a break in understanding the qualities of social, economic and political relations gives a new form to the experience of living in a new media space; E) This new semantic form also creates the future of the post-COVID media experience in the consciousness of individuals and creates different qualities in the subjectivity of individuals. The generation of print and analog media is regaining its presence in the new media ecology. It means being with full acceptance through resistance.

In a minority society, culture is more tangible and locates the individual in the larger society. So far, in terms of Armenian lifestyle (in housing) and dealing with it closely, few studies have been conducted. The present study is based on the principle that one of the main pillars of housing quality is the connection of the house with the culture by which the people live. To improve the quality of housing in which a family resides with-in a certain community who share common characteristics, it is necessary to increase the cultural and habitat correspondence. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of lifestyle on housing and subsequent effects of Armenian social and individual lifestyle patterns on their neighborhood, the exterior and interior layout and how to use housing. Before results analysis, to achieve the research objectives through a mixed re-search method, case studies have been taken in an Armenian neighborhood of Tehran. Also, in qualitative part of the study, daily life of the residents in the housing and out-side area, as well as short interviews with residents have been conducted and validated using space syntax analysis techniques. The results show that people engage in activities throughout the day, week, month and year, depending on everything that goes into their lifestyle. These are reflected in specific functions in specific places of the house and eventually, there are spaces that are more important regarding to Armenians’ activities.